Hibernate your Linux instance

When you hibernate an instance, Amazon EC2 signals the operating system to perform hibernation (suspend-to-disk). Hibernation saves the contents from the instance memory (RAM) to your Amazon EBS root volume. Amazon EC2 persists the instance's Amazon EBS root volume and any attached Amazon EBS data volumes. When you start your instance:

• The Amazon EBS root volume is restored to its previous state

• The RAM contents are reloaded

• The processes that were previously running on the instance are resumed

• Previously attached data volumes are reattached and the instance retains its instance ID

You can hibernate an instance only if it's enabled for hibernation and it meets the hibernation prerequisites.

If an instance or application takes a long time to bootstrap and build a memory footprint to become fully productive, you can use hibernation to pre-warm the instance. To pre-warm the instance, you:

1. Launch it with hibernation enabled.

2. Bring it to a desired state.

3. Hibernate it, ready to be resumed to the same state as needed.

You're not charged for instance usage for a hibernated instance when it is in the stopped state. You are charged for instance usage while the instance is in the stopping state, when the contents of the RAM are transferred to the Amazon EBS root volume. (This is different from when you stop an instance without hibernating it.) You're not charged for data transfer. However, you are charged for storage of any Amazon EBS volumes, including storage for the RAM contents.

If you no longer need an instance, you can terminate it at any time, including when it is in a stopped (hibernated) state. For more information, see Terminate your instance.

Note

For information about using hibernation on Windows instances, see Hibernate Your Windows Instance in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Windows Instances.

Overview of hibernation

The following diagram shows a basic overview of the hibernation process.

When you hibernate a running instance, the following happens:

• When you initiate hibernation, the instance moves to the stopping state. Amazon EC2 signals the operating system to perform hibernation (suspend-to-disk). The hibernation freezes all of the processes, saves the contents of the RAM to the Amazon EBS root volume, and then performs a regular shutdown.

• After the shutdown is complete, the instance moves to the stopped state.

• Any Amazon EBS volumes remain attached to the instance, and their data persists, including the saved contents of the RAM.

• In most cases, the instance is migrated to a new underlying host computer when it's started. This is also what happens when you stop and start an instance.

• When you start the instance, the instance boots up and the operating system reads in the contents of the RAM from the Amazon EBS root volume, before unfreezing processes to resume its state.

• The instance retains its private IPv4 addresses and any IPv6 addresses. When you start the instance, the instance continues to retain its private IPv4 addresses and any IPv6 addresses.

• Amazon EC2 releases the public IPv4 address. When you start the instance, Amazon EC2 assigns a new public IPv4 address to the instance.

• The instance retains its associated Elastic IP addresses. You're charged for any Elastic IP addresses associated with a hibernated instance. With EC2-Classic, an Elastic IP address is disassociated from your instance when you hibernate it. For more information, see EC2-Classic.

• When you hibernate a ClassicLink instance, it's unlinked from the VPC to which it was linked. You must link the instance to the VPC again after starting it. For more information, see ClassicLink.

For information about how hibernation differs from reboot, stop, and terminate, see Differences between reboot, stop, hibernate, and terminate.

Hibernation prerequisites

To hibernate an instance, the following prerequisites must be in place:

• Supported instance families - C3, C4, C5, M3, M4, M5, M5a, R3, R4, R5, R5a, and T2.

• Instance RAM size - must be less than 150 GB.

• Instance size - not supported for bare metal instances.

• Supported AMIs (must be an HVM AMI that supports hibernation):

  • Amazon Linux 2 AMI released 2019.08.29 or later.

  • Amazon Linux AMI 2018.03 released 2018.11.16 or later.

  • Ubuntu 18.04 LTS - Bionic AMI released with serial number 20190722.1 or later.*

  • Ubuntu 16.04 LTS - Xenial AMI.* (Additional configuration is required.)

    *We recommend disabling KASLR on instances with Ubuntu 18.04 LTS - Bionic and Ubuntu 16.04 LTS - Xenial. For more information, see Disabling KASLR on an instance (Ubuntu only).

  To configure your own AMI to support hibernation, see Configuring an existing AMI to support hibernation.

  Support for other versions of Ubuntu and other operating systems is coming soon.

  For information about the supported AMIs for Windows, see Hibernation prerequisites in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Windows Instances.

• Root volume type - must be an Amazon EBS volume, not an instance store volume.

• Supported Amazon EBS volume types - General Purpose SSD (gp2) or Provisioned IOPS SSD (io1 or io2). If you choose a Provisioned IOPS SSD (io1 or io2) volume type, to achieve optimum performance for hibernation, you must provision the EBS volume with the appropriate IOPS. For more information, see Amazon EBS volume types.

• Amazon EBS root volume size - must be large enough to store the RAM contents and accommodate your expected usage, for example, OS or applications. If you enable hibernation, space is allocated on the root volume at launch to store the RAM.

• Amazon EBS root volume encryption - To use hibernation, the root volume must be encrypted to ensure the protection of sensitive content that is in memory at the time of hibernation. When RAM data is moved to the Amazon EBS root volume, it is always encrypted. Encryption of the root volume is enforced at instance launch. Use one of the following three options to ensure that the root volume is an encrypted Amazon EBS volume:

  • EBS “single-step” encryption: You can launch encrypted EBS-backed EC2 instances from an unencrypted AMI and also enable hibernation at the same time. For more information, see Using encryption with EBS-backed AMIs.

  • EBS encryption by default: You can enable EBS encryption by default to ensure all new EBS volumes created in your AWS account are encrypted. This way, you can enable hibernation for your instances without specifying encryption intent at instance launch. For more information, see Encryption by default.

  • Encrypted AMI: You can enable EBS encryption by using an encrypted AMI to launch your instance. If your AMI does not have an encrypted root snapshot, you can copy it to a new AMI and request encryption. For more information, see Encrypt an unencrypted image during copy and Copying an AMI.

• Enable hibernation at launch - You cannot enable hibernation on an existing instance (running or stopped). For more information, see Enabling hibernation for an instance.

• Purchasing options - This feature is available for On-Demand Instances and Reserved Instances. It is not available for Spot Instances. For more information, see Hibernating interrupted Spot Instances.

Limitations

• The following actions are not supported for hibernation:

  • Changing the instance type or size of a hibernated instance

  • Creating snapshots or AMIs from instances for which hibernation is enabled

  • Creating snapshots or AMIs from hibernated instances

• You can't stop or hibernate instance store-backed instances.*

• You can't hibernate an instance that has more than 150 GB of RAM.

• You cannot hibernate an instance that is in an Auto Scaling group or used by Amazon ECS. If your instance is in an Auto Scaling group and you try to hibernate it, the Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling service marks the stopped instance as unhealthy, and may terminate it and launch a replacement instance. For more information, see Health Checks for Auto Scaling Instances in the Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling User Guide.

• We do not support keeping an instance hibernated for more than 60 days. To keep the instance for longer than 60 days, you must start the hibernated instance, stop the instance, and start it.

• We constantly update our platform with upgrades and security patches, which can conflict with existing hibernated instances. We notify you about critical updates that require a start for hibernated instances so that we can perform a shutdown or a reboot to apply the necessary upgrades and security patches.

*For C3 and R3 instances that are enabled for hibernation, do not use instance store volumes.

Configuring an existing AMI to support hibernation

To hibernate an instance that was launched using your own AMI, you must first configure your AMI to support hibernation. For more information, see Updating instance software on your Amazon Linux instance.

If you use one of the supported AMIs (except Ubuntu 16.04 LTS), or if you create an AMI based on one of the supported AMIs, you do not need to configure it to support hibernation. These AMIs are preconfigured to support hibernation. To configure Ubuntu 16.04 LTS to support hibernation, you need to install the linux-aws-hwe kernel package version 4.15.0-1058-aws or later and the ec2-hibinit-agent. For the configuration steps, choose the Ubuntu 16.04 - Xenial tab below.

Amazon Linux 2

To configure an Amazon Linux 2 AMI to support hibernation

1. Update to the latest kernel to 4.14.138-114.102 or later using the following command.

   [ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum update kernel

2. Install the ec2-hibinit-agent package from the repositories using the following command.

   [ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum install ec2-hibinit-agent

3. Reboot the instance using the following command.

   [ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot

4. Confirm that the kernel version is updated to 4.14.138-114.102 or later using the following command.

   [ec2-user ~]$ uname -a

5. Stop the instance and create an AMI. For more information, see Creating a Linux AMI from an instance.

Amazon Linux

To configure an Amazon Linux AMI to support hibernation

1. Update to the latest kernel to 4.14.77-70.59 or later using the following command.

   [ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum update kernel

2. Install the ec2-hibinit-agent package from the repositories using the following command.

   [ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum install ec2-hibinit-agent

3. Reboot the instance using the following command.

   [ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot

4. Confirm that the kernel version is updated to 4.14.77-70.59 or greater using the following command.

   [ec2-user ~]$ uname -a

5. Stop the instance and create an AMI. For more information, see Creating a Linux AMI from an instance.

Ubuntu 18.04 - Bionic

To configure an Ubuntu 18.04 LTS AMI to support hibernation

1. Update to the latest kernel to 4.15.0-1044 or later using the following commands.

   [ec2-user ~]$ sudo apt update
   [ec2-user ~]$ sudo apt dist-upgrade

2. Install the ec2-hibinit-agent package from the repositories using the following command.

   [ec2-user ~]$ sudo apt install ec2-hibinit-agent

3. Reboot the instance using the following command.

   [ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot

4. Confirm that the kernel version is updated to 4.15.0-1044 or later using the following command.

   [ec2-user ~]$ uname -a

Ubuntu 16.04 - Xenial

To configure an Ubuntu 16.04 LTS AMI to support hibernation

1. Update to the latest kernel to 4.15.0-1058-aws or later using the following commands.

   [ec2-user ~]$ sudo apt update
   [ec2-user ~]$ sudo apt install linux-aws-hwe

   Note

   The linux-aws-hwe kernel package is fully supported by Canonical. The package will continue to receive regular updates until standard support for Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ends in April 2021, and will receive additional security updates until the Extended Security Maintenance support ends in 2024. For more information, see Amazon EC2 Hibernation for Ubuntu 16.04 LTS now available on the Canonical Ubuntu Blog.

2. Install the ec2-hibinit-agent package from the repositories using the following command.

   [ec2-user ~]$ sudo apt install ec2-hibinit-agent

3. Reboot the instance using the following command.

   [ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot

4. Confirm that the kernel version is updated to 4.15.0-1058-aws or later using the following command.

   [ec2-user ~]$ uname -a

Enabling hibernation for an instance

To hibernate an instance, it must first be enabled for hibernation. To enable hibernation, you must do it while launching the instance.

Important

You can't enable or disable hibernation for an instance after you launch it.

Console

To enable hibernation using the console

1. Follow the Launching an instance using the Launch Instance Wizard procedure.

2. On the Choose an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) page, select an AMI that supports hibernation. For more information about supported AMIs, see Hibernation prerequisites.

3. On the Choose an Instance Type page, select a supported instance type, and choose Next: Configure Instance Details. For information about supported instance types, see Hibernation prerequisites.

4. On the Configure Instance Details page, for Stop - Hibernate Behavior, select the Enable hibernation as an additional stop behavior check box.

5. On the Add Storage page, for the root volume, specify the following information:

   • For Size (GiB), enter the Amazon EBS root volume size. The volume must be large enough to store the RAM contents and accommodate your expected usage.

   • For Volume Type, select a supported Amazon EBS volume type (General Purpose SSD (gp2) or Provisioned IOPS SSD (io1 or io2).

   • For Encryption, select the encryption key for the volume. If you enabled encryption by default in this AWS Region, the default encryption key is selected.

   For more information about the prerequisites for the root volume, see Hibernation prerequisites.

6. Continue as prompted by the wizard. When you've finished reviewing your options on the Review Instance Launch page, choose Launch. For more information, see Launching an instance using the Launch Instance Wizard.

AWS CLI

To enable hibernation using the AWS CLI

Use the run-instances command to launch an instance. Specify the EBS root volume parameters using the --block-device-mappings file://mapping.json parameter, and enable hibernation using the --hibernation-options Configured=true parameter.

aws ec2 run-instances \
    --image-id ami-0abcdef1234567890 \
    --instance-type m5.large \
    --block-device-mappings file://mapping.json \
    --hibernation-options Configured=true \
    --count 1 \
    --key-name MyKeyPair

Specify the following in mapping.json:

[
    {
        "DeviceName": "/dev/xvda",
        "Ebs": {
            "VolumeSize": 30,
            "VolumeType": "gp2",
            "Encrypted": true
        }
    }
]

Note

The value for DeviceName must match the root device name associated with the AMI. To find the root device name, use the describe-images command, as follows:

aws ec2 describe-images --image-id ami-0abcdef1234567890

If you enabled encryption by default in this AWS Region, you can omit "Encrypted": true.

AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell

To enable hibernation using the AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell

Use the New-EC2Instance command to launch an instance. Specify the EBS root volume by first defining the block device mapping, and then adding it to the command using the -BlockDeviceMappings parameter. Enable hibernation using the -HibernationOptions_Configured $true parameter.

PS C:\> $ebs_encrypt = New-Object Amazon.EC2.Model.BlockDeviceMapping
PS C:\> $ebs_encrypt.DeviceName = "/dev/xvda"
PS C:\> $ebs_encrypt.Ebs = New-Object Amazon.EC2.Model.EbsBlockDevice
PS C:\> $ebs_encrypt.Ebs.VolumeSize = 30
PS C:\> $ebs_encrypt.Ebs.VolumeType = "gp2"
PS C:\> $ebs_encrypt.Ebs.Encrypted = $true

PS C:\> New-EC2Instance `
             -ImageId ami-0abcdef1234567890 `
             -InstanceType m5.large `
             -BlockDeviceMappings $ebs_encrypt `
             -HibernationOptions_Configured $true `
             -MinCount 1 `
             -MaxCount 1 `
             -KeyName MyKeyPair

Note

The value for DeviceName must match the root device name associated with the AMI. To find the root device name, use the Get-EC2Image command, as follows:

Get-EC2Image -ImageId ami-0abcdef1234567890

If you enabled encryption by default in this AWS Region, you can omit Encrypted = $true from the block device mapping.

 

Console

To view if an instance is enabled for hibernation using the console

1. Open the Amazon EC2 console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/.

2. In the navigation pane, choose Instances.

3. Select the instance and, in the details pane, inspect Stop - Hibernation behavior. Enabled indicates that the instance is enabled for hibernation.

AWS CLI

To view if an instance is enabled for hibernation using the AWS CLI

Use the describe-instances command and specify the --filters "Name=hibernation-options.configured,Values=true" parameter to filter instances that are enabled for hibernation.

aws ec2 describe-instances \
    --filters "Name=hibernation-options.configured,Values=true"

The following field in the output indicates that the instance is enabled for hibernation.

"HibernationOptions": {
    "Configured": true
}

AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell

To view if an instance is enabled for hibernation using the AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell

Use the Get-EC2Instance command and specify the -Filter @{ Name="hibernation-options.configured"; Value="true"} parameter to filter instances that are enabled for hibernation.

Get-EC2Instance `
    -Filter @{ Name="hibernation-options.configured"; Value="true"}

The output lists the EC2 instances that are enabled for hibernation.

Disabling KASLR on an instance (Ubuntu only)

To run hibernation on a newly launched instance with Ubuntu 16.04 LTS - Xenial or Ubuntu 18.04 LTS - Bionic released with serial 20190722.1 or later, we recommend disabling KASLR (Kernel Address Space Layout Randomization). On Ubuntu 16.04 LTS or Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, KASLR is enabled by default. KASLR is a standard Linux kernel security feature that helps to mitigate exposure to and ramifications of yet-undiscovered memory access vulnerabilities by randomizing the base address value of the kernel. With KASLR enabled, there is a possibility that the instance might not resume after it has been hibernated.

To learn more about KASLR, see Ubuntu Features.

To disable KASLR on an instance launched with Ubuntu

1. Connect to your instance using SSH. For more information, see Connecting to your Linux instance using SSH.

2. Open the /etc/default/grub.d/50-cloudimg-settings.cfg file in your editor of choice. Edit the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT line to append the nokaslr option to its end, as shown in the following example.

   GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="console=tty1 console=ttyS0 nvme_core.io_timeout=4294967295 nokaslr"

3. Save the file and exit your editor.

4. Run the following command to rebuild the grub configuration.

   [ec2-user ~]$ sudo update-grub

5. Reboot the instance.

   [ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot

6. Confirm that nokaslr has been added when running the following command.

   [ec2-user ~]$ cat /proc/cmdline

   The output of the command should include the nokaslr option.

Hibernating an instance

You can hibernate an instance if the instance is enabled for hibernation and meets the hibernation prerequisites. If an instance cannot hibernate successfully, a normal shutdown occurs.

Console

To hibernate an Amazon EBS-backed instance using the console

1. Open the Amazon EC2 console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/.

2. In the navigation pane, choose Instances.

3. Select an instance, and choose Actions, Instance State, Stop - Hibernate. If Stop - Hibernate is disabled, the instance is already hibernated or stopped, or it can't be hibernated. For more information, see Hibernation prerequisites.

4. In the confirmation dialog box, choose Yes, Stop - Hibernate. It can take a few minutes for the instance to hibernate. The Instance State changes to Stopping while the instance is hibernating, and then Stopped when the instance has hibernated.

AWS CLI

To hibernate an Amazon EBS-backed instance using the AWS CLI

Use the stop-instances command and specify the --hibernate parameter.

aws ec2 stop-instances \
    --instance-ids i-1234567890abcdef0 \
    --hibernate

AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell

To hibernate an Amazon EBS-backed instance using the AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell

Use the Stop-EC2Instance command and specify the -Hibernate $true parameter.

Stop-EC2Instance `
    -InstanceId i-1234567890abcdef0 `
    -Hibernate $true

 

Console

To view if hibernation was initiated on an instance using the console

1. Open the Amazon EC2 console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/.

2. In the navigation pane, choose Instances.

3. Select the instance and, in the details pane, inspect State transition reason message. The message Client.UserInitiatedHibernate: User initiated hibernate indicates that hibernation was initiated on the instance.

AWS CLI

To view if hibernation was initiated on an instance using the AWS CLI

Use the describe-instances command and specify the state-reason-code filter to see the instances on which hibernation was initiated.

aws ec2 describe-instances \
    --filters "Name=state-reason-code,Values=Client.UserInitiatedHibernate"

The following field in the output indicates that hibernation was initiated on the instance.

"StateReason": {
    "Code": "Client.UserInitiatedHibernate"
}

AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell

To view if hibernation was initiated on an instance using the AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell

Use the Get-EC2Instance command and specify the state-reason-code filter to see the instances on which hibernation was initiated.

Get-EC2Instance `
    -Filter @{Name="state-reason-code";Value="Client.UserInitiatedHibernate"}

The output lists the EC2 instances on which hibernation was initiated.

Starting a hibernated instance

Start a hibernated instance by starting it in the same way that you would start a stopped instance.

Console

To start a hibernated instance using the console

1. Open the Amazon EC2 console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/.

2. In the navigation pane, choose Instances.

3. Select a hibernated instance, and choose Actions, Instance State, Start. It can take a few minutes for the instance to enter the running state. During this time, the instance status checks show the instance in a failed state until the instance has started.

AWS CLI

To start a hibernated instance using the AWS CLI

Use the start-instances command.

aws ec2 start-instances \
    --instance-ids i-1234567890abcdef0

AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell

To start a hibernated instance using the AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell

Use the Start-EC2Instance command.

Start-EC2Instance `
    -InstanceId i-1234567890abcdef0

Troubleshooting hibernation

Use this information to help diagnose and fix issues that you might encounter when hibernating an instance.

Can't hibernate immediately after launch

If you try to hibernate an instance too quickly after you've launched it, you get an error.

You must wait for about two minutes after launch before hibernating.

Takes too long to transition from stopping to stopped, and memory state not restored after start

If it takes a long time for your hibernating instance to transition from the stopping state to stopped, and if the memory state is not restored after you start, this could indicate that hibernation was not properly configured.

Check the instance system log and look for messages that are related to hibernation. To access the system log, connect to the instance or use the get-console-output command. Find the log lines from the hibinit-agent. If the log lines indicate a failure or the log lines are missing, there was most likely a failure configuring hibernation at launch.

For example, the following message indicates that the instance root volume is not large enough: hibinit-agent: Insufficient disk space. Cannot create setup for hibernation. Please allocate a larger root device.

If the last log line from the hibinit-agent is hibinit-agent: Running: swapoff /swap, hibernation was successfully configured.

If you do not see any logs from these processes, your AMI might not support hibernation. For information about supported AMIs, see Hibernation prerequisites. If you used your own AMI, make sure that you followed the instructions for Configuring an existing AMI to support hibernation.

Instance "stuck" in the stopping state

If you hibernated your instance and it appears "stuck" in the stopping state, you can forcibly stop it. For more information, see Troubleshooting stopping your instance.