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User Guide for Windows Instances

AWS Documentation » Amazon EC2 » User Guide for Windows Instances » Storage » Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) » Amazon EBS Snapshots

Amazon EBS Snapshots

You can back up the data on your Amazon EBS volumes to Amazon S3 by taking point-in-time snapshots. Snapshots are incremental backups, which means that only the blocks on the device that have changed after your most recent snapshot are saved. This minimizes the time required to create the snapshot and saves on storage costs by not duplicating data. When you delete a snapshot, only the data unique to that snapshot is removed. Each snapshot contains all of the information needed to restore your data (from the moment when the snapshot was taken) to a new EBS volume.

When you create an EBS volume based on a snapshot, the new volume begins as an exact replica of the original volume that was used to create the snapshot. The replicated volume loads data lazily in the background so that you can begin using it immediately. If you access data that hasn't been loaded yet, the volume immediately downloads the requested data from Amazon S3, and then continues loading the rest of the volume's data in the background. For more information, see Creating an Amazon EBS Snapshot.

Note

Using AWS Systems Manager Run Command, you can take application-consistent snapshots of all Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes attached to your Amazon EC2 Windows instances. The snapshot process uses the Windows Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) to take image-level backups of VSS-aware applications, including data from pending transactions between these applications and the disk. Furthermore, you don't need to shut down your instances or disconnect them when you need to back up all attached volumes. For more information, see Using Run Command to Take VSS-Enabled Snapshots of EBS Volumes.

You can track the status of your EBS snapshots through CloudWatch Events. For more information, see Amazon CloudWatch Events for Amazon EBS.

Contents

How Incremental Snapshots Work

This section provides illustrations of how an EBS snapshot captures the state of a volume at a point in time, and also how successive snapshots of a changing volume create a history of those changes.

In the diagram below, Volume 1 is shown at three points in time. A snapshot is taken of each of these three volume states.

  • In State 1, the volume has 10 GiB of data. Because Snap A is the first snapshot taken of the volume, the entire 10 GiB of data must be copied.

  • In State 2, the volume still contains 10 GiB of data, but 4 GiB have changed. Snap B needs to copy and store only the 4 GiB that changed after Snap A was taken. The other 6 GiB of unchanged data, which are already copied and stored in Snap A, are referenced by Snap B rather than (again) copied. This is indicated by the dashed arrow.

  • In State 3, 2 GiB of data have been added to the volume, for a total of 12 GiB. Snap C needs to copy the 2 GiB that were added after Snap B was taken. As shown by the dashed arrows, Snap C also references 4 GiB of data stored in Snap B, and 6 GiB of data stored in Snap A.

  • The total storage required for the three snapshots is 16 GiB.

Relations among Multiple Snapshots of a Volume

Snapshots capturing an initial volume state and two subsequent states after data has been changed.

Note

If you copy a snapshot and encrypt it to a new CMK, a complete (non-incremental) copy is always created, resulting in additional delay and storage costs.

For more information about how data is managed when you delete a snapshot, see Deleting an Amazon EBS Snapshot.

Copying and Sharing Snapshots

You can share a snapshot across AWS accounts by modifying its access permissions. You can make copies of your own snapshots as well as snapshots that have been shared with you. For more information, see Sharing an Amazon EBS Snapshot.

A snapshot is constrained to the Region where it was created. After you create a snapshot of an EBS volume, you can use it to create new volumes in the same Region. For more information, see Restoring an Amazon EBS Volume from a Snapshot. You can also copy snapshots across regions, making it possible to use multiple regions for geographical expansion, data center migration, and disaster recovery. You can copy any accessible snapshot that has a completed status. For more information, see Copying an Amazon EBS Snapshot.

Encryption Support for Snapshots

EBS snapshots broadly support EBS encryption.

  • Snapshots of encrypted volumes are automatically encrypted.

  • Volumes you create from encrypted snapshots are automatically encrypted.

  • Volumes you create from an unencrypted snapshot that you own or have access to can be encrypted on-the-fly.

  • When you copy an unencrypted snapshot that you own, you can encrypt it during the copy process.

  • When you copy an encrypted snapshot that you own or have access to, you can reencrypt it with a different key during the copy process.

Note

If you copy a snapshot and encrypt it to a new CMK, a complete (non-incremental) copy is always created, resulting in additional delay and storage costs.

For more information, see Amazon EBS Encryption.