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# Création d'une rubrique Amazon SNS et publication de messages
<a name="example_sns_GettingStarted_048_section"></a>

L’exemple de code suivant illustre comment :
+ Créer une rubrique Amazon SNS
+ Abonner un point de terminaison de messagerie au sujet
+ Vérifiez votre abonnement
+ Publier un message dans le sujet
+ nettoyer des ressources ;

------
#### [ Bash ]

**AWS CLI avec le script Bash**  
 Il y en a plus sur GitHub. Trouvez l’exemple complet et découvrez comment le configurer et l’exécuter dans le [référentiel d’exemples de code](https://github.com/aws-samples/sample-developer-tutorials/tree/main/tuts/048-amazon-simple-notification-service-gs). 

```
#!/bin/bash

# Amazon SNS Getting Started Script
# This script demonstrates how to create an SNS topic, subscribe to it, publish a message,
# and clean up resources.

set -euo pipefail

# Set up logging with secure file permissions
LOG_FILE="sns-tutorial.log"
touch "$LOG_FILE"
chmod 600 "$LOG_FILE"
exec > >(tee -a "$LOG_FILE") 2>&1

echo "Starting Amazon SNS Getting Started Tutorial..."
echo "$(date)"
echo "=============================================="

# Function to handle errors
handle_error() {
    echo "ERROR: $1" >&2
    echo "Attempting to clean up resources..."
    cleanup_resources
    exit 1
}

# Function to clean up resources
cleanup_resources() {
    local exit_code=$?
    
    if [ -n "${SUBSCRIPTION_ARN:-}" ] && [ "$SUBSCRIPTION_ARN" != "pending confirmation" ] && [ "$SUBSCRIPTION_ARN" != "PendingConfirmation" ]; then
        echo "Deleting subscription: $SUBSCRIPTION_ARN"
        if ! aws sns unsubscribe --subscription-arn "$SUBSCRIPTION_ARN" --region "$AWS_REGION" 2>/dev/null; then
            echo "Warning: Failed to delete subscription" >&2
        fi
    fi
    
    if [ -n "${TOPIC_ARN:-}" ]; then
        echo "Deleting topic: $TOPIC_ARN"
        if ! aws sns delete-topic --topic-arn "$TOPIC_ARN" --region "$AWS_REGION" 2>/dev/null; then
            echo "Warning: Failed to delete topic" >&2
        fi
    fi
    
    return $exit_code
}

# Validate AWS region
AWS_REGION="${AWS_REGION:-us-east-1}"
if [[ ! "$AWS_REGION" =~ ^[a-z]{2}-[a-z]+-[0-9]{1}$ ]]; then
    handle_error "Invalid AWS region format: $AWS_REGION"
fi

# Set trap to cleanup on exit
trap cleanup_resources EXIT

# Verify AWS CLI is installed and configured
if ! command -v aws &> /dev/null; then
    handle_error "AWS CLI is not installed or not in PATH"
fi

if ! command -v jq &> /dev/null; then
    handle_error "jq is not installed or not in PATH"
fi

if ! aws sts get-caller-identity --region "$AWS_REGION" &> /dev/null; then
    handle_error "AWS credentials are not configured or invalid"
fi

# Generate a random topic name suffix using secure method
RANDOM_SUFFIX=$(openssl rand -hex 4)
TOPIC_NAME="my-topic-${RANDOM_SUFFIX}"

# Validate topic name length (max 256 characters)
if [ ${#TOPIC_NAME} -gt 256 ]; then
    handle_error "Topic name exceeds maximum length of 256 characters"
fi

# Step 1: Create an SNS topic
echo "Creating SNS topic: $TOPIC_NAME"
TOPIC_RESULT=$(aws sns create-topic \
    --name "$TOPIC_NAME" \
    --region "$AWS_REGION" \
    --tags Key=project,Value=doc-smith Key=tutorial,Value=amazon-simple-notification-service-gs \
    --output json) || handle_error "Failed to create SNS topic"

# Extract the topic ARN using jq for reliable parsing
TOPIC_ARN=$(echo "$TOPIC_RESULT" | jq -r '.TopicArn // empty') || handle_error "Failed to parse topic result"

if [ -z "$TOPIC_ARN" ]; then
    handle_error "Failed to extract topic ARN from result: $TOPIC_RESULT"
fi

# Validate ARN format
if [[ ! "$TOPIC_ARN" =~ ^arn:aws:sns:[a-z0-9-]+:[0-9]{12}:[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$ ]]; then
    handle_error "Invalid SNS topic ARN format: $TOPIC_ARN"
fi

echo "Successfully created topic with ARN: $TOPIC_ARN"

# Step 2: Subscribe to the topic using Email-JSON protocol to reduce costs
echo ""
echo "=============================================="
echo "EMAIL SUBSCRIPTION"
echo "=============================================="
EMAIL_ADDRESS="test-${RANDOM_SUFFIX}@example.com"

# Validate email format (basic validation)
if [[ ! "$EMAIL_ADDRESS" =~ ^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$ ]]; then
    handle_error "Invalid email format: $EMAIL_ADDRESS"
fi

echo "Subscribing email: $EMAIL_ADDRESS to topic using Email-JSON protocol"
SUBSCRIPTION_RESULT=$(aws sns subscribe \
    --topic-arn "$TOPIC_ARN" \
    --protocol email-json \
    --notification-endpoint "$EMAIL_ADDRESS" \
    --region "$AWS_REGION" \
    --output json) || handle_error "Failed to create subscription"

# Extract the subscription ARN using jq
SUBSCRIPTION_ARN=$(echo "$SUBSCRIPTION_RESULT" | jq -r '.SubscriptionArn // empty') || handle_error "Failed to parse subscription result"

echo "Subscription created: $SUBSCRIPTION_ARN"
echo "A confirmation email has been sent to $EMAIL_ADDRESS"
echo ""

# Tag the subscription
if [ "$SUBSCRIPTION_ARN" != "PendingConfirmation" ] && [ "$SUBSCRIPTION_ARN" != "pending confirmation" ]; then
    aws sns tag-resource \
        --resource-arn "$SUBSCRIPTION_ARN" \
        --tags Key=project,Value=doc-smith Key=tutorial,Value=amazon-simple-notification-service-gs \
        --region "$AWS_REGION" 2>/dev/null || echo "Warning: Failed to tag subscription"
fi

# Step 3: List subscriptions to verify
echo "Listing subscriptions for topic: $TOPIC_ARN"
SUBSCRIPTIONS=$(aws sns list-subscriptions-by-topic --topic-arn "$TOPIC_ARN" --region "$AWS_REGION" --output json) || handle_error "Failed to list subscriptions"

echo "Current subscriptions:"
echo "$SUBSCRIPTIONS" | jq '.'

# Get the confirmed subscription ARN with optimized jq query and improved error handling
CONFIRMED_SUBSCRIPTION=$(echo "$SUBSCRIPTIONS" | jq -r '.Subscriptions[]? | select(.SubscriptionArn != "PendingConfirmation") | .SubscriptionArn' 2>/dev/null | head -n 1)

if [ -n "$CONFIRMED_SUBSCRIPTION" ]; then
    SUBSCRIPTION_ARN="$CONFIRMED_SUBSCRIPTION"
else
    echo "Warning: No confirmed subscription found. You may not have confirmed the subscription yet."
    echo "The script will continue, but you may not receive the test message."
fi

# Step 4: Publish a message to the topic
echo ""
echo "Publishing a test message to the topic"
MESSAGE="Hello from Amazon SNS! This is a test message sent at $(date)."

# Validate message length (max 256 KB for SNS)
if [ ${#MESSAGE} -gt 262144 ]; then
    handle_error "Message exceeds maximum size of 256 KB"
fi

PUBLISH_RESULT=$(aws sns publish \
    --topic-arn "$TOPIC_ARN" \
    --message "$MESSAGE" \
    --region "$AWS_REGION" \
    --output json) || handle_error "Failed to publish message"

MESSAGE_ID=$(echo "$PUBLISH_RESULT" | jq -r '.MessageId // empty') || handle_error "Failed to parse publish result"

if [ -z "$MESSAGE_ID" ]; then
    handle_error "No message ID returned from publish operation"
fi

# Validate message ID format (UUID v4)
if [[ ! "$MESSAGE_ID" =~ ^[a-f0-9]{8}-[a-f0-9]{4}-[a-f0-9]{4}-[a-f0-9]{4}-[a-f0-9]{12}$ ]]; then
    handle_error "Unexpected message ID format: $MESSAGE_ID"
fi

echo "Message published successfully with ID: $MESSAGE_ID"
echo "Check your email for the message."

# Pause to allow the user to check their email
echo ""
echo "Pausing for 3 seconds to allow message delivery..."
sleep 3

# Step 5: Clean up resources
echo ""
echo "=============================================="
echo "CLEANUP CONFIRMATION"
echo "=============================================="
echo "Resources created:"
echo "- SNS Topic: $TOPIC_ARN"
echo "- Subscription: ${SUBSCRIPTION_ARN:-N/A}"
echo ""
echo "Cleaning up resources to avoid unnecessary charges..."

echo ""
echo "Tutorial completed successfully!"
echo "$(date)"
echo "=============================================="
```
+ Pour plus de détails sur l’API, consultez les rubriques suivantes dans la *Référence des commandes de l’AWS CLI *.
  + [CreateTopic](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/sns-2010-03-31/CreateTopic)
  + [DeleteTopic](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/sns-2010-03-31/DeleteTopic)
  + [ListSubscriptionsByTopic](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/sns-2010-03-31/ListSubscriptionsByTopic)
  + [Publish](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/sns-2010-03-31/Publish)
  + [Subscribe](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/sns-2010-03-31/Subscribe)
  + [Unsubscribe](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/sns-2010-03-31/Unsubscribe)

------

Pour obtenir la liste complète des guides de développement du AWS SDK et des exemples de code, consultez[Utilisation d'Amazon SNS avec un SDK AWS](sdk-general-information-section.md). Cette rubrique comprend également des informations sur le démarrage et sur les versions précédentes du kit SDK.