Meningkatkan throughput menggunakan penskalaan horizontal dan batching aksi dengan Amazon SQS

Antrian Amazon SQS dapat memberikan throughput yang sangat tinggi. Untuk informasi tentang kuota throughput, lihat. Kuota pesan Amazon SQS

Untuk mencapai throughput yang tinggi, Anda harus mengukur produsen dan konsumen pesan secara horizontal (tambahkan lebih banyak produsen dan konsumen).

Penskalaan horizontal

Karena Anda mengakses Amazon SQS melalui protokol permintaan-respons HTTP, latensi permintaan (interval antara memulai permintaan dan menerima respons) membatasi throughput yang dapat Anda capai dari satu utas menggunakan satu koneksi. Misalnya, jika latensi dari klien berbasis Amazon EC2 ke Amazon SQS di wilayah yang sama rata-rata 20 ms, throughput maksimum dari satu utas melalui satu koneksi rata-rata 50 TPS.

Penskalaan horizontal melibatkan peningkatan jumlah produsen pesan (yang membuat SendMessage permintaan) dan konsumen (yang membuat ReceiveMessage dan DeleteMessage meminta) untuk meningkatkan throughput antrian Anda secara keseluruhan. Anda dapat menskalakan secara horizontal dengan tiga cara:

• Meningkatkan jumlah thread per klien

• Tambahkan lebih banyak klien

• Tingkatkan jumlah thread per klien dan tambahkan lebih banyak klien

Ketika Anda menambahkan lebih banyak klien, Anda mencapai keuntungan linier pada dasarnya dalam throughput antrian. Misalnya, jika Anda menggandakan jumlah klien, Anda juga menggandakan throughput.

catatan

Saat Anda menskalakan secara horizontal, pastikan klien Amazon SQS Anda memiliki koneksi atau utas yang cukup untuk mendukung jumlah produsen dan konsumen pesan bersamaan yang mengirim permintaan dan menerima tanggapan. Misalnya, secara default, instance AWS SDK for Java AmazonSQSClient kelas mempertahankan paling banyak 50 koneksi ke Amazon SQS. Untuk membuat produsen dan konsumen bersamaan tambahan, Anda harus menyesuaikan jumlah maksimum benang produsen dan konsumen yang diijinkan pada suatu AmazonSQSClientBuilder objek, misalnya:

final AmazonSQS sqsClient = AmazonSQSClientBuilder.standard()
        .withClientConfiguration(new ClientConfiguration()
                .withMaxConnections(producerCount + consumerCount))
        .build();

UntukAmazonSQSAsyncClient, Anda juga harus memastikan bahwa cukup banyak utas yang tersedia.

Contoh ini hanya berfungsi untuk Java v. 1.x.

Aksi batching

Batching melakukan lebih banyak pekerjaan selama setiap perjalanan pulang pergi ke layanan (misalnya, ketika Anda mengirim beberapa pesan dengan satu SendMessageBatch permintaan). Tindakan batch Amazon SQS adalahSendMessageBatch,DeleteMessageBatch, dan. ChangeMessageVisibilityBatch Untuk memanfaatkan batching tanpa mengubah produsen atau konsumen, Anda dapat menggunakan Amazon SQS Buffered Asynchronous Client.

catatan

Karena ReceiveMessage dapat memproses 10 pesan sekaligus, tidak ada ReceiveMessageBatch tindakan.

Batching mendistribusikan latensi tindakan batch melalui beberapa pesan dalam permintaan batch, daripada menerima seluruh latensi untuk satu pesan (misalnya, permintaan). SendMessage Karena setiap perjalanan pulang pergi membawa lebih banyak pekerjaan, permintaan batch membuat penggunaan thread dan koneksi lebih efisien, meningkatkan throughput.

Anda dapat menggabungkan batching dengan penskalaan horizontal untuk menyediakan throughput dengan thread, koneksi, dan permintaan yang lebih sedikit daripada permintaan pesan individual. Anda dapat menggunakan tindakan Amazon SQS batch untuk mengirim, menerima, atau menghapus hingga 10 pesan sekaligus. Karena Amazon SQS mengenakan biaya berdasarkan permintaan, batching dapat secara substansional mengurangi biaya Anda.

Batching dapat menimbulkan beberapa kerumitan untuk aplikasi Anda (misalnya, aplikasi Anda harus mengumpulkan pesan sebelum mengirimnya, atau terkadang harus menunggu lebih lama untuk respons). Namun, batching masih bisa efektif dalam kasus-kasus berikut:

• Aplikasi Anda menghasilkan banyak pesan dalam waktu singkat, sehingga penundaan tidak pernah terlalu lama.

• Konsumen pesan mengambil pesan dari antrian atas kebijakannya sendiri, tidak seperti produsen pesan biasa yang perlu mengirim pesan sebagai respons terhadap peristiwa yang tidak mereka kendalikan.

penting

Permintaan batch mungkin berhasil meskipun pesan individual dalam batch gagal. Setelah permintaan batch, selalu periksa kegagalan pesan individual dan coba lagi tindakan jika perlu.

Contoh Java yang berfungsi untuk permintaan operasi tunggal dan batch

Prasyarat

Tambahkanaws-java-sdk-sqs.jar,aws-java-sdk-ec2.jar, dan commons-logging.jar paket ke jalur kelas build Java Anda. Contoh berikut menampilkan dependensi ini dalam file pom.xml proyek Maven.

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
        <artifactId>aws-java-sdk-sqs</artifactId>
        <version>LATEST</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
        <artifactId>aws-java-sdk-ec2</artifactId>
        <version>LATEST</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
        <version>LATEST</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

SimpleProducerConsumer.java

Contoh kode Java berikut mengimplementasikan pola produsen-konsumen sederhana. Thread utama memunculkan sejumlah thread produsen dan konsumen yang memproses pesan 1 KB untuk waktu tertentu. Contoh ini mencakup produsen dan konsumen yang membuat permintaan operasi tunggal dan mereka yang membuat permintaan batch.

/*
 * Copyright 2010-2024 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License").
 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * A copy of the License is located at
 *
 *  https://aws.amazon.com/apache2.0
 *
 * or in the "license" file accompanying this file. This file is distributed
 * on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either
 * express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing
 * permissions and limitations under the License.
 *
 */

import com.amazonaws.AmazonClientException;
import com.amazonaws.ClientConfiguration;
import com.amazonaws.services.sqs.AmazonSQS;
import com.amazonaws.services.sqs.AmazonSQSClientBuilder;
import com.amazonaws.services.sqs.model.*;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

/**
 * Start a specified number of producer and consumer threads, and produce-consume
 * for the least of the specified duration and 1 hour. Some messages can be left
 * in the queue because producers and consumers might not be in exact balance.
 */
public class SimpleProducerConsumer {

    // The maximum runtime of the program.
    private final static int MAX_RUNTIME_MINUTES = 60;
    private final static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(SimpleProducerConsumer.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        final Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.print("Enter the queue name: ");
        final String queueName = input.nextLine();

        System.out.print("Enter the number of producers: ");
        final int producerCount = input.nextInt();

        System.out.print("Enter the number of consumers: ");
        final int consumerCount = input.nextInt();

        System.out.print("Enter the number of messages per batch: ");
        final int batchSize = input.nextInt();

        System.out.print("Enter the message size in bytes: ");
        final int messageSizeByte = input.nextInt();

        System.out.print("Enter the run time in minutes: ");
        final int runTimeMinutes = input.nextInt();

        /*
         * Create a new instance of the builder with all defaults (credentials
         * and region) set automatically. For more information, see Creating
         * Service Clients in the AWS SDK for Java Developer Guide.
         */
        final ClientConfiguration clientConfiguration = new ClientConfiguration()
                .withMaxConnections(producerCount + consumerCount);

        final AmazonSQS sqsClient = AmazonSQSClientBuilder.standard()
                .withClientConfiguration(clientConfiguration)
                .build();

        final String queueUrl = sqsClient
                .getQueueUrl(new GetQueueUrlRequest(queueName)).getQueueUrl();

        // The flag used to stop producer, consumer, and monitor threads.
        final AtomicBoolean stop = new AtomicBoolean(false);

        // Start the producers.
        final AtomicInteger producedCount = new AtomicInteger();
        final Thread[] producers = new Thread[producerCount];
        for (int i = 0; i < producerCount; i++) {
            if (batchSize == 1) {
                producers[i] = new Producer(sqsClient, queueUrl, messageSizeByte,
                        producedCount, stop);
            } else {
                producers[i] = new BatchProducer(sqsClient, queueUrl, batchSize,
                        messageSizeByte, producedCount,
                        stop);
            }
            producers[i].start();
        }

        // Start the consumers.
        final AtomicInteger consumedCount = new AtomicInteger();
        final Thread[] consumers = new Thread[consumerCount];
        for (int i = 0; i < consumerCount; i++) {
            if (batchSize == 1) {
                consumers[i] = new Consumer(sqsClient, queueUrl, consumedCount,
                        stop);
            } else {
                consumers[i] = new BatchConsumer(sqsClient, queueUrl, batchSize,
                        consumedCount, stop);
            }
            consumers[i].start();
        }

        // Start the monitor thread.
        final Thread monitor = new Monitor(producedCount, consumedCount, stop);
        monitor.start();

        // Wait for the specified amount of time then stop.
        Thread.sleep(TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(Math.min(runTimeMinutes,
                MAX_RUNTIME_MINUTES)));
        stop.set(true);

        // Join all threads.
        for (int i = 0; i < producerCount; i++) {
            producers[i].join();
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < consumerCount; i++) {
            consumers[i].join();
        }

        monitor.interrupt();
        monitor.join();
    }

    private static String makeRandomString(int sizeByte) {
        final byte[] bs = new byte[(int) Math.ceil(sizeByte * 5 / 8)];
        new Random().nextBytes(bs);
        bs[0] = (byte) ((bs[0] | 64) & 127);
        return new BigInteger(bs).toString(32);
    }

    /**
     * The producer thread uses {@code SendMessage}
     * to send messages until it is stopped.
     */
    private static class Producer extends Thread {
        final AmazonSQS sqsClient;
        final String queueUrl;
        final AtomicInteger producedCount;
        final AtomicBoolean stop;
        final String theMessage;

        Producer(AmazonSQS sqsQueueBuffer, String queueUrl, int messageSizeByte,
                 AtomicInteger producedCount, AtomicBoolean stop) {
            this.sqsClient = sqsQueueBuffer;
            this.queueUrl = queueUrl;
            this.producedCount = producedCount;
            this.stop = stop;
            this.theMessage = makeRandomString(messageSizeByte);
        }

        /*
         * The producedCount object tracks the number of messages produced by
         * all producer threads. If there is an error, the program exits the
         * run() method.
         */
        public void run() {
            try {
                while (!stop.get()) {
                    sqsClient.sendMessage(new SendMessageRequest(queueUrl,
                            theMessage));
                    producedCount.incrementAndGet();
                }
            } catch (AmazonClientException e) {
                /*
                 * By default, AmazonSQSClient retries calls 3 times before
                 * failing. If this unlikely condition occurs, stop.
                 */
                log.error("Producer: " + e.getMessage());
                System.exit(1);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * The producer thread uses {@code SendMessageBatch}
     * to send messages until it is stopped.
     */
    private static class BatchProducer extends Thread {
        final AmazonSQS sqsClient;
        final String queueUrl;
        final int batchSize;
        final AtomicInteger producedCount;
        final AtomicBoolean stop;
        final String theMessage;

        BatchProducer(AmazonSQS sqsQueueBuffer, String queueUrl, int batchSize,
                      int messageSizeByte, AtomicInteger producedCount,
                      AtomicBoolean stop) {
            this.sqsClient = sqsQueueBuffer;
            this.queueUrl = queueUrl;
            this.batchSize = batchSize;
            this.producedCount = producedCount;
            this.stop = stop;
            this.theMessage = makeRandomString(messageSizeByte);
        }

        public void run() {
            try {
                while (!stop.get()) {
                    final SendMessageBatchRequest batchRequest =
                            new SendMessageBatchRequest().withQueueUrl(queueUrl);

                    final List<SendMessageBatchRequestEntry> entries =
                            new ArrayList<SendMessageBatchRequestEntry>();
                    for (int i = 0; i < batchSize; i++)
                        entries.add(new SendMessageBatchRequestEntry()
                                .withId(Integer.toString(i))
                                .withMessageBody(theMessage));
                    batchRequest.setEntries(entries);

                    final SendMessageBatchResult batchResult =
                            sqsClient.sendMessageBatch(batchRequest);
                    producedCount.addAndGet(batchResult.getSuccessful().size());

                    /*
                     * Because SendMessageBatch can return successfully, but
                     * individual batch items fail, retry the failed batch items.
                     */
                    if (!batchResult.getFailed().isEmpty()) {
                        log.warn("Producer: retrying sending "
                                + batchResult.getFailed().size() + " messages");
                        for (int i = 0, n = batchResult.getFailed().size();
                             i < n; i++) {
                            sqsClient.sendMessage(new
                                    SendMessageRequest(queueUrl, theMessage));
                            producedCount.incrementAndGet();
                        }
                    }
                }
            } catch (AmazonClientException e) {
                /*
                 * By default, AmazonSQSClient retries calls 3 times before
                 * failing. If this unlikely condition occurs, stop.
                 */
                log.error("BatchProducer: " + e.getMessage());
                System.exit(1);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * The consumer thread uses {@code ReceiveMessage} and {@code DeleteMessage}
     * to consume messages until it is stopped.
     */
    private static class Consumer extends Thread {
        final AmazonSQS sqsClient;
        final String queueUrl;
        final AtomicInteger consumedCount;
        final AtomicBoolean stop;

        Consumer(AmazonSQS sqsClient, String queueUrl, AtomicInteger consumedCount,
                 AtomicBoolean stop) {
            this.sqsClient = sqsClient;
            this.queueUrl = queueUrl;
            this.consumedCount = consumedCount;
            this.stop = stop;
        }

        /*
         * Each consumer thread receives and deletes messages until the main
         * thread stops the consumer thread. The consumedCount object tracks the
         * number of messages that are consumed by all consumer threads, and the
         * count is logged periodically.
         */
        public void run() {
            try {
                while (!stop.get()) {
                    try {
                        final ReceiveMessageResult result = sqsClient
                                .receiveMessage(new
                                        ReceiveMessageRequest(queueUrl));

                        if (!result.getMessages().isEmpty()) {
                            final Message m = result.getMessages().get(0);
                            sqsClient.deleteMessage(new
                                    DeleteMessageRequest(queueUrl,
                                    m.getReceiptHandle()));
                            consumedCount.incrementAndGet();
                        }
                    } catch (AmazonClientException e) {
                        log.error(e.getMessage());
                    }
                }
            } catch (AmazonClientException e) {
                /*
                 * By default, AmazonSQSClient retries calls 3 times before
                 * failing. If this unlikely condition occurs, stop.
                 */
                log.error("Consumer: " + e.getMessage());
                System.exit(1);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * The consumer thread uses {@code ReceiveMessage} and {@code
     * DeleteMessageBatch} to consume messages until it is stopped.
     */
    private static class BatchConsumer extends Thread {
        final AmazonSQS sqsClient;
        final String queueUrl;
        final int batchSize;
        final AtomicInteger consumedCount;
        final AtomicBoolean stop;

        BatchConsumer(AmazonSQS sqsClient, String queueUrl, int batchSize,
                      AtomicInteger consumedCount, AtomicBoolean stop) {
            this.sqsClient = sqsClient;
            this.queueUrl = queueUrl;
            this.batchSize = batchSize;
            this.consumedCount = consumedCount;
            this.stop = stop;
        }

        public void run() {
            try {
                while (!stop.get()) {
                    final ReceiveMessageResult result = sqsClient
                            .receiveMessage(new ReceiveMessageRequest(queueUrl)
                                    .withMaxNumberOfMessages(batchSize));

                    if (!result.getMessages().isEmpty()) {
                        final List<Message> messages = result.getMessages();
                        final DeleteMessageBatchRequest batchRequest =
                                new DeleteMessageBatchRequest()
                                        .withQueueUrl(queueUrl);

                        final List<DeleteMessageBatchRequestEntry> entries =
                                new ArrayList<DeleteMessageBatchRequestEntry>();
                        for (int i = 0, n = messages.size(); i < n; i++)
                            entries.add(new DeleteMessageBatchRequestEntry()
                                    .withId(Integer.toString(i))
                                    .withReceiptHandle(messages.get(i)
                                            .getReceiptHandle()));
                        batchRequest.setEntries(entries);

                        final DeleteMessageBatchResult batchResult = sqsClient
                                .deleteMessageBatch(batchRequest);
                        consumedCount.addAndGet(batchResult.getSuccessful().size());

                        /*
                         * Because DeleteMessageBatch can return successfully,
                         * but individual batch items fail, retry the failed
                         * batch items.
                         */
                        if (!batchResult.getFailed().isEmpty()) {
                            final int n = batchResult.getFailed().size();
                            log.warn("Producer: retrying deleting " + n
                                    + " messages");
                            for (BatchResultErrorEntry e : batchResult
                                    .getFailed()) {

                                sqsClient.deleteMessage(
                                        new DeleteMessageRequest(queueUrl,
                                                messages.get(Integer
                                                        .parseInt(e.getId()))
                                                        .getReceiptHandle()));

                                consumedCount.incrementAndGet();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            } catch (AmazonClientException e) {
                /*
                 * By default, AmazonSQSClient retries calls 3 times before
                 * failing. If this unlikely condition occurs, stop.
                 */
                log.error("BatchConsumer: " + e.getMessage());
                System.exit(1);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * This thread prints every second the number of messages produced and
     * consumed so far.
     */
    private static class Monitor extends Thread {
        private final AtomicInteger producedCount;
        private final AtomicInteger consumedCount;
        private final AtomicBoolean stop;

        Monitor(AtomicInteger producedCount, AtomicInteger consumedCount,
                AtomicBoolean stop) {
            this.producedCount = producedCount;
            this.consumedCount = consumedCount;
            this.stop = stop;
        }

        public void run() {
            try {
                while (!stop.get()) {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                    log.info("produced messages = " + producedCount.get()
                            + ", consumed messages = " + consumedCount.get());
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // Allow the thread to exit.
            }
        }
    }
}

Memantau metrik volume dari contoh yang dijalankan

Amazon SQS secara otomatis menghasilkan metrik volume untuk pesan yang dikirim, diterima, dan dihapus. Anda dapat mengakses metrik tersebut dan lainnya melalui tab Monitoring untuk antrian Anda atau di CloudWatch konsol.

catatan

Metrik dapat memakan waktu hingga 15 menit setelah antrian mulai tersedia.