Peningkatan deterministik melalui penggunaan repositori berversi - Amazon Linux 2023
Menggunakan sistem upgrade deterministikPembaruan selektif dari sistem upgrade deterministikMenggunakan penggantian persisten dengan peningkatan deterministik

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Peningkatan deterministik melalui penggunaan repositori berversi

Menggunakan sistem upgrade deterministik

Ketika Anda menjalankan dnf upgrade perintah, sistem memeriksa upgrade di repositori yang ditentukan variabel. releasever releaseverYang valid adalah versi terbaru atau yang dicap tanggal seperti 2023.4.20240513.

Anda dapat mengubah nilai releasever menggunakan salah satu metode berikut. Metode ini tercantum dalam prioritas sistem menurun. Ini berarti bahwa metode 1 mengesampingkan metode 2 dan 3, dan metode 2 mengesampingkan metode 3.

  1. Nilai dalam bendera baris perintah--releasever=latest,, jika digunakan.

  2. Nilai yang ditentukan dalam file variabel override,/etc/dnf/vars/releasever, jika disetel.

  3. Versi system-release paket yang saat ini diinstal.

Dalam contoh berikut, versinya adalah 2023.0.20230210:

$ rpm -q system-release
system-release-2023.0.20230210-0.amzn2023.noarch

Dalam sistem yang baru diinstal, variabel override tidak ada. Tidak ada peningkatan yang tersedia karena sistem dikunci ke versi yang diinstal. system-release

$ cat /etc/dnf/vars/releasever
cat: /etc/dnf/vars/releasever: No such file or directory
$ sudo dnf upgrade
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:02 ago on Wed 15 Feb 2023 06:14:12 PM UTC.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!

Anda bisa mendapatkan paket versi tertentu dengan menggunakan releasever bendera untuk menyediakan versi yang Anda inginkan.

$ rpm -q system-release
system-release-2023.0.20230222-0.amzn2023.noarch
$ sudo dnf upgrade --releasever=2023.0.20230329
Amazon Linux 2023 repository                     26 MB/s |  12 MB     00:00
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package                 Arch    Version                      Repository   Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 kernel                   aarch64 6.1.21-1.45.amzn2023        amazonlinux  26 M
Upgrading:
 amazon-linux-repo-s3     noarch  2023.0.20230329-0.amzn2023  amazonlinux  18 k
 ca-certificates          noarch  2023.2.60-1.0.amzn2023.0.1  amazonlinux 828 k
 cloud-init               noarch  22.2.2-1.amzn2023.1.7       amazonlinux 1.1 M

         ... [ list edited for clarity ]

 system-release           noarch  2023.0.20230329-0.amzn2023  amazonlinux  29 k

         ... [ list edited for clarity ]
          
 vim-data                 noarch  2:9.0.1403-1.amzn2023.0.1   amazonlinux  25 k
 vim-minimal              aarch64 2:9.0.1403-1.amzn2023.0.1   amazonlinux 753 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install    1 Package
Upgrade   42 Packages

Total download size: 56 M

Karena --releasever opsi mengesampingkan keduanya system-release dan/etc/dnf/vars/releasever, hasil dari peningkatan ini adalah sebagai berikut:

  1. Upgrade menggantikan semua paket yang diinstal yang berubah antara versi sebelumnya dan baru.

  2. Upgrade mengunci sistem ke repositori untuk versi baru. system-release

Pembaruan selektif dari sistem upgrade deterministik

Anda mungkin ingin menginstal paket yang dipilih dari rilis terbaru, sambil membiarkan sistem terkunci ke versi rilis asli.

Anda dapat menggunakan dnf check-update untuk mengidentifikasi paket yang ingin Anda upgrade.

$ sudo dnf check-update --releasever=latest --security
Amazon Linux 2023 repository                     13 MB/s |  10 MB     00:00
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:02 ago on Wed 15 Feb 2023 02:52:21 AM UTC.

bind-libs.aarch64                  32:9.16.27-1.amzn2023.0.1         amazonlinux
bind-license.noarch                32:9.16.27-1.amzn2023.0.1         amazonlinux
bind-utils.aarch64                 32:9.16.27-1.amzn2023.0.1         amazonlinux
cryptsetup.aarch64                 2.4.3-2.amzn2023.0.1              amazonlinux
cryptsetup-libs.aarch64            2.4.3-2.amzn2023.0.1              amazonlinux
curl-minimal.aarch64               7.85.0-1.amzn2023.0.1             amazonlinux
glibc.aarch64                      2.34-40.amzn2023.0.2              amazonlinux
glibc-all-langpacks.aarch64        2.34-40.amzn2023.0.2              amazonlinux
glibc-common.aarch64               2.34-40.amzn2023.0.2              amazonlinux
glibc-locale-source.aarch64        2.34-40.amzn2023.0.2              amazonlinux
gmp.aarch64                        1:6.2.1-2.amzn2023.0.1            amazonlinux
gnupg2-minimal.aarch64             2.3.7-1.amzn2023.0.2              amazonlinux
gzip.aarch64                       1.10-5.amzn2023.0.1               amazonlinux
kernel.aarch64                     6.1.12-17.42.amzn2023             amazonlinux
kernel-tools.aarch64               6.1.12-17.42.amzn2023             amazonlinux
libarchive.aarch64                 3.5.3-2.amzn2023.0.1              amazonlinux
libcurl-minimal.aarch64            7.85.0-1.amzn2023.0.1             amazonlinux
libsepol.aarch64                   3.4-3.amzn2023.0.2                amazonlinux
libsolv.aarch64                    0.7.22-1.amzn2023.0.1             amazonlinux
libxml2.aarch64                    2.9.14-1.amzn2023.0.1             amazonlinux
logrotate.aarch64                  3.20.1-2.amzn2023.0.2             amazonlinux
lua-libs.aarch64                   5.4.4-3.amzn2023.0.1              amazonlinux
lz4-libs.aarch64                   1.9.4-1.amzn2023.0.1              amazonlinux
openssl.aarch64                    1:3.0.5-1.amzn2023.0.3            amazonlinux
openssl-libs.aarch64               1:3.0.5-1.amzn2023.0.3            amazonlinux
pcre2.aarch64                      10.40-1.amzn2023.0.1              amazonlinux
pcre2-syntax.noarch                10.40-1.amzn2023.0.1              amazonlinux
rsync.aarch64                      3.2.6-1.amzn2023.0.2              amazonlinux
vim-common.aarch64                 2:9.0.475-1.amzn2023.0.1          amazonlinux
vim-data.noarch                    2:9.0.475-1.amzn2023.0.1          amazonlinux
vim-enhanced.aarch64               2:9.0.475-1.amzn2023.0.1          amazonlinux
vim-filesystem.noarch              2:9.0.475-1.amzn2023.0.1          amazonlinux
vim-minimal.aarch64                2:9.0.475-1.amzn2023.0.1          amazonlinux
xz.aarch64                         5.2.5-9.amzn2023.0.1              amazonlinux
xz-libs.aarch64                    5.2.5-9.amzn2023.0.1              amazonlinux
zlib.aarch64                       1.2.11-32.amzn2023.0.3            amazonlinux

Instal paket yang ingin Anda upgrade. Gunakan sudo dnf upgrade --releasever=latest dan nama paket untuk memastikan bahwa system-release paket tetap tidak berubah.

$ sudo dnf upgrade --releasever=latest openssl openssl-libs
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:28 ago on Wed 15 Feb 2023 02:52:21 AM UTC.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package          Arch        Version                     Repository       Size
================================================================================
Upgrading:
 openssl          aarch64     1:3.0.5-1.amzn2023.0.3      amazonlinux     1.1 M
 openssl-libs     aarch64     1:3.0.5-1.amzn2023.0.3      amazonlinux     2.1 M

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Upgrade  2 Packages

Total download size: 3.2 M
catatan

Menggunakan sudo dnf upgrade --releasever=latest pembaruan semua paket, termasuksystem-release. Kemudian, versi tetap terkunci ke yang baru system-release kecuali Anda mengatur penggantian persisten.

Menggunakan penggantian persisten dengan peningkatan deterministik

Alih-alih menambahkan--releasever=latest, Anda dapat menggunakan penggantian persisten untuk membuka kunci sistem dengan menyetel nilai variabel ke yang terbaru.

$ echo latest | sudo tee /etc/dnf/vars/releasever
latest
$ sudo dnf upgrade
Last metadata expiration check: 0:03:36 ago on Wed 15 Feb 2023 02:52:21 AM UTC.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package                 Arch    Version                      Repository   Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 kernel                  aarch64 6.1.73-45.135.amzn2023       amazonlinux  24 M
Upgrading:
 acl                     aarch64 2.3.1-2.amzn2023.0.1         amazonlinux  72 k
 alternatives            aarch64 1.15-2.amzn2023.0.1          amazonlinux  36 k
 amazon-ec2-net-utils    noarch  2.3.0-1.amzn2023.0.1         amazonlinux  16 k
 at                      aarch64 3.1.23-6.amzn2023.0.1        amazonlinux  60 k
 attr                    aarch64 2.5.1-3.amzn2023.0.1         amazonlinux  59 k
 audit                   aarch64 3.0.6-1.amzn2023.0.1         amazonlinux 249 k
 audit-libs              aarch64 3.0.6-1.amzn2023.0.1         amazonlinux 116 k
 aws-c-auth-libs         aarch64 0.6.5-6.amzn2023.0.2         amazonlinux  79 k
 aws-c-cal-libs          aarch64 0.5.12-7.amzn2023.0.2        amazonlinux  34 k
 aws-c-common-libs       aarch64 0.6.14-6.amzn2023.0.2        amazonlinux 119 k
 aws-c-compression-libs  aarch64 0.2.14-5.amzn2023.0.2        amazonlinux  22 k
 aws-c-event-stream-libs aarch64 0.2.7-5.amzn2023.0.2         amazonlinux  47 k
 aws-c-http-libs         aarch64 0.6.8-6.amzn2023.0.2         amazonlinux 147 k
 aws-c-io-libs           aarch64 0.10.12-5.amzn2023.0.6       amazonlinux 109 k
 aws-c-mqtt-libs         aarch64 0.7.8-7.amzn2023.0.2         amazonlinux  61 k
 aws-c-s3-libs           aarch64 0.1.27-5.amzn2023.0.3        amazonlinux  54 k
 aws-c-sdkutils-libs     aarch64 0.1.1-5.amzn2023.0.2         amazonlinux  26 k
 aws-checksums-libs      aarch64 0.1.12-5.amzn2023.0.2        amazonlinux  50 k
 awscli-2                noarch  2.7.8-1.amzn2023.0.4         amazonlinux 7.3 M
 basesystem              noarch  11-11.amzn2023.0.1           amazonlinux 7.8 k
 bash                    aarch64 5.1.8-2.amzn2023.0.1         amazonlinux 1.6 M
 bash-completion         noarch  1:2.11-2.amzn2023.0.1        amazonlinux 292 k
 bc                      aarch64 1.07.1-14.amzn2023.0.1       amazonlinux 120 k
 bind-libs               aarch64 32:9.16.27-1.amzn2023.0.1    amazonlinux 1.2 M
 bind-license            noarch  32:9.16.27-1.amzn2023.0.1    amazonlinux  14 k
 bind-utils              aarch64 32:9.16.27-1.amzn2023.0.1    amazonlinux 206 k
 binutils                aarch64 2.38-20.amzn2023.0.3         amazonlinux 4.6 M
 boost-filesystem        aarch64 1.75.0-4.amzn2023.0.1        amazonlinux  55 k
 boost-system            aarch64 1.75.0-4.amzn2023.0.1        amazonlinux  14 k
 boost-thread            aarch64 1.75.0-4.amzn2023.0.1        amazonlinux  54 k
 bzip2                   aarch64 1.0.8-6.amzn2023.0.1         amazonlinux  53 k
 bzip2-libs              aarch64 1.0.8-6.amzn2023.0.1         amazonlinux  44 k
 c-ares                  aarch64 1.17.2-1.amzn2023.0.1        amazonlinux 107 k
 ca-certificates         noarch  2021.2.50-1.0.amzn2023.0.3   amazonlinux 343 k
 checkpolicy             aarch64 3.4-3.amzn2023.0.1           amazonlinux 345 k
 chkconfig               aarch64 1.15-2.amzn2023.0.1          amazonlinux 162 k
 chrony                  aarch64 4.2-7.amzn2023.0.4           amazonlinux 314 k
 cloud-init              noarch  22.2.2-1.amzn2023.1.7        amazonlinux 1.1 M
 cloud-utils-growpart    aarch64 0.31-8.amzn2023.0.2          amazonlinux  31 k
 coreutils               aarch64 8.32-30.amzn2023.0.2         amazonlinux 1.1 M
 coreutils-common        aarch64 8.32-30.amzn2023.0.2         amazonlinux 2.0 M
 cpio                    aarch64 2.13-10.amzn2023.0.1         amazonlinux 269 k
 cracklib                aarch64 2.9.6-27.amzn2023.0.1        amazonlinux  83 k
 cracklib-dicts          aarch64 2.9.6-27.amzn2023.0.1        amazonlinux 3.6 M
 crontabs                noarch  1.11-24.20190603git.amzn2023.0.1
                                                              amazonlinux  19 k
 crypto-policies         noarch  20230128-1.gitdfb10ea.amzn2023.0.1
                                                              amazonlinux  61 k
 crypto-policies-scripts noarch  20230128-1.gitdfb10ea.amzn2023.0.1
                                                              amazonlinux  81 k
...
Installing dependencies:
 amazon-linux-repo-cdn   noarch  2023.0.20230210-0.amzn2023   amazonlinux  16 k
 xxhash-libs             aarch64 0.8.0-3.amzn2023.0.1         amazonlinux  32 k
Installing weak dependencies:
 amazon-chrony-config    noarch  4.2-7.amzn2023.0.4           amazonlinux  14 k
 gawk-all-langpacks      aarch64 5.1.0-3.amzn2023.0.1         amazonlinux 207 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install    5 Packages
Upgrade  413 Packages

Total download size: 199 M
catatan

Jika Anda menggunakan variabel override/etc/dnf/vars/releasever, gunakan perintah berikut untuk mengembalikan perilaku penguncian default dengan menghapus nilai override.

$ sudo rm /etc/dnf/vars/releasever