Terjemahan disediakan oleh mesin penerjemah. Jika konten terjemahan yang diberikan bertentangan dengan versi bahasa Inggris aslinya, utamakan versi bahasa Inggris.
Contoh rencana kueri
Contoh ini menunjukkan bagaimana mengevaluasi rencana kueri untuk menemukan peluang untuk mengoptimalkan distribusi.
Jalankan query berikut dengan perintah EXPLOW untuk menghasilkan rencana query.
explain select lastname, catname, venuename, venuecity, venuestate, eventname, month, sum(pricepaid) as buyercost, max(totalprice) as maxtotalprice from category join event on category.catid = event.catid join venue on venue.venueid = event.venueid join sales on sales.eventid = event.eventid join listing on sales.listid = listing.listid join date on sales.dateid = date.dateid join users on users.userid = sales.buyerid group by lastname, catname, venuename, venuecity, venuestate, eventname, month having sum(pricepaid)>9999 order by catname, buyercost desc;
Dalam database TICKIT, PENJUALAN adalah tabel fakta dan LISTING adalah dimensi terbesarnya. Untuk menyusun tabel, PENJUALAN didistribusikan di LISTID, yang merupakan kunci asing untuk LISTING, dan LISTING didistribusikan pada kunci utamanya, LISTID. Contoh berikut menunjukkan perintah CREATE TABLE untuk PENJUALAN dan LISTING.
create table sales( salesid integer not null, listid integer not null distkey, sellerid integer not null, buyerid integer not null, eventid integer not null encode mostly16, dateid smallint not null, qtysold smallint not null encode mostly8, pricepaid decimal(8,2) encode delta32k, commission decimal(8,2) encode delta32k, saletime timestamp, primary key(salesid), foreign key(listid) references listing(listid), foreign key(sellerid) references users(userid), foreign key(buyerid) references users(userid), foreign key(dateid) references date(dateid)) sortkey(listid,sellerid); create table listing( listid integer not null distkey sortkey, sellerid integer not null, eventid integer not null encode mostly16, dateid smallint not null, numtickets smallint not null encode mostly8, priceperticket decimal(8,2) encode bytedict, totalprice decimal(8,2) encode mostly32, listtime timestamp, primary key(listid), foreign key(sellerid) references users(userid), foreign key(eventid) references event(eventid), foreign key(dateid) references date(dateid));
Dalam paket kueri berikut, langkah Gabung Gabung untuk bergabung di SALES dan LISTING menunjukkan DS_DIST_NONE, yang menunjukkan bahwa tidak diperlukan redistribusi untuk langkah tersebut. Namun, naik rencana kueri, gabungan bagian dalam lainnya menunjukkan DS_BCAST_INNER, yang menunjukkan bahwa tabel bagian dalam disiarkan sebagai bagian dari eksekusi kueri. Karena hanya satu pasang tabel yang dapat ditempatkan menggunakan distribusi kunci, lima tabel harus disiarkan ulang.
QUERY PLAN XN Merge (cost=1015345167117.54..1015345167544.46 rows=1000 width=103) Merge Key: category.catname, sum(sales.pricepaid) -> XN Network (cost=1015345167117.54..1015345167544.46 rows=170771 width=103) Send to leader -> XN Sort (cost=1015345167117.54..1015345167544.46 rows=170771 width=103) Sort Key: category.catname, sum(sales.pricepaid) -> XN HashAggregate (cost=15345150568.37..15345152276.08 rows=170771 width=103) Filter: (sum(pricepaid) > 9999.00) -> XN Hash Join DS_BCAST_INNER (cost=742.08..15345146299.10 rows=170771 width=103) Hash Cond: ("outer".catid = "inner".catid) -> XN Hash Join DS_BCAST_INNER (cost=741.94..15342942456.61 rows=170771 width=97) Hash Cond: ("outer".dateid = "inner".dateid) -> XN Hash Join DS_BCAST_INNER (cost=737.38..15269938609.81 rows=170766 width=90) Hash Cond: ("outer".buyerid = "inner".userid) -> XN Hash Join DS_BCAST_INNER (cost=112.50..3272334142.59 rows=170771 width=84) Hash Cond: ("outer".venueid = "inner".venueid) -> XN Hash Join DS_BCAST_INNER (cost=109.98..3167290276.71 rows=172456 width=47) Hash Cond: ("outer".eventid = "inner".eventid) -> XN Merge Join DS_DIST_NONE (cost=0.00..6286.47 rows=172456 width=30) Merge Cond: ("outer".listid = "inner".listid) -> XN Seq Scan on listing (cost=0.00..1924.97 rows=192497 width=14) -> XN Seq Scan on sales (cost=0.00..1724.56 rows=172456 width=24) -> XN Hash (cost=87.98..87.98 rows=8798 width=25) -> XN Seq Scan on event (cost=0.00..87.98 rows=8798 width=25) -> XN Hash (cost=2.02..2.02 rows=202 width=41) -> XN Seq Scan on venue (cost=0.00..2.02 rows=202 width=41) -> XN Hash (cost=499.90..499.90 rows=49990 width=14) -> XN Seq Scan on users (cost=0.00..499.90 rows=49990 width=14) -> XN Hash (cost=3.65..3.65 rows=365 width=11) -> XN Seq Scan on date (cost=0.00..3.65 rows=365 width=11) -> XN Hash (cost=0.11..0.11 rows=11 width=10) -> XN Seq Scan on category (cost=0.00..0.11 rows=11 width=10)
Salah satu solusinya adalah mengubah tabel menjadi DISTSTYLE ALL.
ALTER TABLE users ALTER DISTSTYLE ALL; ALTER TABLE venue ALTER DISTSTYLE ALL; ALTER TABLE category ALTER DISTSTYLE ALL; ALTER TABLE date ALTER DISTSTYLE ALL; ALTER TABLE event ALTER DISTSTYLE ALL;
Jalankan kueri yang sama dengan EXPLORE lagi, dan periksa rencana kueri baru. Gabungan sekarang menunjukkan DS_DIST_ALL_NONE, menunjukkan bahwa tidak diperlukan redistribusi karena data didistribusikan ke setiap node menggunakan DISTYLE ALL.
QUERY PLAN XN Merge (cost=1000000047117.54..1000000047544.46 rows=1000 width=103) Merge Key: category.catname, sum(sales.pricepaid) -> XN Network (cost=1000000047117.54..1000000047544.46 rows=170771 width=103) Send to leader -> XN Sort (cost=1000000047117.54..1000000047544.46 rows=170771 width=103) Sort Key: category.catname, sum(sales.pricepaid) -> XN HashAggregate (cost=30568.37..32276.08 rows=170771 width=103) Filter: (sum(pricepaid) > 9999.00) -> XN Hash Join DS_DIST_ALL_NONE (cost=742.08..26299.10 rows=170771 width=103) Hash Cond: ("outer".buyerid = "inner".userid) -> XN Hash Join DS_DIST_ALL_NONE (cost=117.20..21831.99 rows=170766 width=97) Hash Cond: ("outer".dateid = "inner".dateid) -> XN Hash Join DS_DIST_ALL_NONE (cost=112.64..17985.08 rows=170771 width=90) Hash Cond: ("outer".catid = "inner".catid) -> XN Hash Join DS_DIST_ALL_NONE (cost=112.50..14142.59 rows=170771 width=84) Hash Cond: ("outer".venueid = "inner".venueid) -> XN Hash Join DS_DIST_ALL_NONE (cost=109.98..10276.71 rows=172456 width=47) Hash Cond: ("outer".eventid = "inner".eventid) -> XN Merge Join DS_DIST_NONE (cost=0.00..6286.47 rows=172456 width=30) Merge Cond: ("outer".listid = "inner".listid) -> XN Seq Scan on listing (cost=0.00..1924.97 rows=192497 width=14) -> XN Seq Scan on sales (cost=0.00..1724.56 rows=172456 width=24) -> XN Hash (cost=87.98..87.98 rows=8798 width=25) -> XN Seq Scan on event (cost=0.00..87.98 rows=8798 width=25) -> XN Hash (cost=2.02..2.02 rows=202 width=41) -> XN Seq Scan on venue (cost=0.00..2.02 rows=202 width=41) -> XN Hash (cost=0.11..0.11 rows=11 width=10) -> XN Seq Scan on category (cost=0.00..0.11 rows=11 width=10) -> XN Hash (cost=3.65..3.65 rows=365 width=11) -> XN Seq Scan on date (cost=0.00..3.65 rows=365 width=11) -> XN Hash (cost=499.90..499.90 rows=49990 width=14) -> XN Seq Scan on users (cost=0.00..499.90 rows=49990 width=14)
