AWS IoT contoh menggunakan SDK for Java 2.x

Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan cara melakukan tindakan dan mengimplementasikan skenario umum dengan menggunakan AWS SDK for Java 2.x with AWS IoT.

Tindakan adalah kutipan kode dari program yang lebih besar dan harus dijalankan dalam konteks. Meskipun tindakan menunjukkan cara memanggil fungsi layanan individual, Anda dapat melihat tindakan dalam konteks pada skenario terkait dan contoh lintas layanan.

Skenario adalah contoh kode yang menunjukkan cara menyelesaikan tugas tertentu dengan memanggil beberapa fungsi dalam layanan yang sama.

Setiap contoh menyertakan tautan ke GitHub, di mana Anda dapat menemukan petunjuk tentang cara mengatur dan menjalankan kode dalam konteks.

Memulai

Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan cara untuk mulai menggunakan AWS IoT.

SDK untuk Java 2.x

catatan

Ada lebih banyak tentang GitHub. Temukan contoh lengkapnya dan pelajari cara mengatur dan menjalankannya di AWS Repositori Contoh Kode.


import software.amazon.awssdk.regions.Region;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.IotClient;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.ListThingsRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.ListThingsResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.ThingAttribute;
import java.util.List;

public class HelloIoT {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Hello AWS IoT. Here is a listing of your AWS IoT Things:");
        IotClient iotClient = IotClient.builder()
            .region(Region.US_EAST_1)
            .build();

        listAllThings(iotClient);
    }

    public static void listAllThings( IotClient iotClient) {
        ListThingsRequest thingsRequest = ListThingsRequest.builder()
            .maxResults(10)
            .build();

        ListThingsResponse response = iotClient.listThings(thingsRequest) ;
        List<ThingAttribute> thingList = response.things();
        for (ThingAttribute attribute : thingList) {
            System.out.println("Thing name: "+attribute.thingName());
            System.out.println("Thing ARN: "+attribute.thingArn());
        }
    }
}

Untuk detail API, lihat ListThings di Referensi AWS SDK for Java 2.x API.

Tindakan

Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan cara menggunakanAttachThingPrincipal.

SDK untuk Java 2.x

catatan

Ada lebih banyak tentang GitHub. Temukan contoh lengkapnya dan pelajari cara mengatur dan menjalankannya di AWS Repositori Contoh Kode.


    public static void attachCertificateToThing(IotClient iotClient, String thingName, String certificateArn) {
        // Attach the certificate to the thing.
        AttachThingPrincipalRequest principalRequest = AttachThingPrincipalRequest.builder()
            .thingName(thingName)
            .principal(certificateArn)
            .build();

        AttachThingPrincipalResponse attachResponse = iotClient.attachThingPrincipal(principalRequest);

        // Verify the attachment was successful.
        if (attachResponse.sdkHttpResponse().isSuccessful()) {
            System.out.println("Certificate attached to Thing successfully.");

            // Print additional information about the Thing.
            describeThing(iotClient, thingName);
        } else {
            System.err.println("Failed to attach certificate to Thing. HTTP Status Code: " +
                attachResponse.sdkHttpResponse().statusCode());
        }
    }

Untuk detail API, lihat AttachThingPrincipaldi Referensi AWS SDK for Java 2.x API.

Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan cara menggunakanCreateKeysAndCertificate.

SDK untuk Java 2.x

catatan

Ada lebih banyak tentang GitHub. Temukan contoh lengkapnya dan pelajari cara mengatur dan menjalankannya di AWS Repositori Contoh Kode.


    public static String createCertificate(IotClient iotClient) {
        try {
            CreateKeysAndCertificateResponse response = iotClient.createKeysAndCertificate();
            String certificatePem = response.certificatePem();
            String certificateArn = response.certificateArn();

            // Print the details.
            System.out.println("\nCertificate:");
            System.out.println(certificatePem);
            System.out.println("\nCertificate ARN:");
            System.out.println(certificateArn);
            return certificateArn;

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }

        return "";
    }

Untuk detail API, lihat CreateKeysAndCertificatedi Referensi AWS SDK for Java 2.x API.

Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan cara menggunakanCreateThing.

SDK untuk Java 2.x

catatan

Ada lebih banyak tentang GitHub. Temukan contoh lengkapnya dan pelajari cara mengatur dan menjalankannya di AWS Repositori Contoh Kode.


    public static void createIoTThing(IotClient iotClient, String thingName) {
        try {
            CreateThingRequest createThingRequest = CreateThingRequest.builder()
                .thingName(thingName)
                .build();

            CreateThingResponse createThingResponse = iotClient.createThing(createThingRequest);
            System.out.println(thingName +" was successfully created. The ARN value is " + createThingResponse.thingArn());

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

Untuk detail API, lihat CreateThingdi Referensi AWS SDK for Java 2.x API.

Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan cara menggunakanCreateTopicRule.

SDK untuk Java 2.x

catatan

Ada lebih banyak tentang GitHub. Temukan contoh lengkapnya dan pelajari cara mengatur dan menjalankannya di AWS Repositori Contoh Kode.


    public static void createIoTRule(IotClient iotClient, String roleARN, String ruleName, String action) {
        try {
            String sql = "SELECT * FROM '" + TOPIC + "'";
            SnsAction action1 = SnsAction.builder()
                .targetArn(action)
                .roleArn(roleARN)
                .build();

            // Create the action.
            Action myAction = Action.builder()
                .sns(action1)
                .build();

            // Create the topic rule payload.
            TopicRulePayload topicRulePayload = TopicRulePayload.builder()
                .sql(sql)
                .actions(myAction)
                .build();

            // Create the topic rule request.
            CreateTopicRuleRequest topicRuleRequest = CreateTopicRuleRequest.builder()
                .ruleName(ruleName)
                .topicRulePayload(topicRulePayload)
                .build();

            // Create the rule.
            iotClient.createTopicRule(topicRuleRequest);
            System.out.println("IoT Rule created successfully.");

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.getMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

Untuk detail API, lihat CreateTopicRuledi Referensi AWS SDK for Java 2.x API.

Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan cara menggunakanDeleteCertificate.

SDK untuk Java 2.x

catatan

Ada lebih banyak tentang GitHub. Temukan contoh lengkapnya dan pelajari cara mengatur dan menjalankannya di AWS Repositori Contoh Kode.


    public static void deleteCertificate(IotClient iotClient, String certificateArn ) {
        DeleteCertificateRequest certificateProviderRequest = DeleteCertificateRequest.builder()
            .certificateId(extractCertificateId(certificateArn))
            .build();

        iotClient.deleteCertificate(certificateProviderRequest);
        System.out.println(certificateArn +" was successfully deleted.");
    }

Untuk detail API, lihat DeleteCertificatedi Referensi AWS SDK for Java 2.x API.

Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan cara menggunakanDeleteThing.

SDK untuk Java 2.x

catatan

Ada lebih banyak tentang GitHub. Temukan contoh lengkapnya dan pelajari cara mengatur dan menjalankannya di AWS Repositori Contoh Kode.


    public static void deleteIoTThing(IotClient iotClient, String thingName) {
        try {
            DeleteThingRequest deleteThingRequest = DeleteThingRequest.builder()
                .thingName(thingName)
                .build();

            iotClient.deleteThing(deleteThingRequest);
            System.out.println("Deleted Thing " + thingName);

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

Untuk detail API, lihat DeleteThingdi Referensi AWS SDK for Java 2.x API.

Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan cara menggunakanDescribeEndpoint.

SDK untuk Java 2.x

catatan

Ada lebih banyak tentang GitHub. Temukan contoh lengkapnya dan pelajari cara mengatur dan menjalankannya di AWS Repositori Contoh Kode.


    public static String describeEndpoint(IotClient iotClient) {
        try {
            DescribeEndpointResponse endpointResponse = iotClient.describeEndpoint(DescribeEndpointRequest.builder().build());

            // Get the endpoint URL.
            String endpointUrl = endpointResponse.endpointAddress();
            String exString = getValue(endpointUrl);
            String fullEndpoint = "https://"+exString+"-ats.iot.us-east-1.amazonaws.com";

            System.out.println("Full Endpoint URL: "+fullEndpoint);
            return fullEndpoint;

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
        return "" ;
    }

Untuk detail API, lihat DescribeEndpointdi Referensi AWS SDK for Java 2.x API.

Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan cara menggunakanDescribeThing.

SDK untuk Java 2.x

catatan

Ada lebih banyak tentang GitHub. Temukan contoh lengkapnya dan pelajari cara mengatur dan menjalankannya di AWS Repositori Contoh Kode.


    private static void describeThing(IotClient iotClient, String thingName) {
        try {
            DescribeThingRequest thingRequest = DescribeThingRequest.builder()
                .thingName(thingName)
                .build() ;

            // Print Thing details.
            DescribeThingResponse describeResponse = iotClient.describeThing(thingRequest);
            System.out.println("Thing Details:");
            System.out.println("Thing Name: " + describeResponse.thingName());
            System.out.println("Thing ARN: " + describeResponse.thingArn());

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

Untuk detail API, lihat DescribeThingdi Referensi AWS SDK for Java 2.x API.

Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan cara menggunakanDetachThingPrincipal.

SDK untuk Java 2.x

catatan

Ada lebih banyak tentang GitHub. Temukan contoh lengkapnya dan pelajari cara mengatur dan menjalankannya di AWS Repositori Contoh Kode.


    public static void detachThingPrincipal(IotClient iotClient, String thingName, String certificateArn){
        try {
            DetachThingPrincipalRequest thingPrincipalRequest = DetachThingPrincipalRequest.builder()
                .principal(certificateArn)
                .thingName(thingName)
                .build();

            iotClient.detachThingPrincipal(thingPrincipalRequest);
            System.out.println(certificateArn +" was successfully removed from " +thingName);

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

Untuk detail API, lihat DetachThingPrincipaldi Referensi AWS SDK for Java 2.x API.

Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan cara menggunakanListCertificates.

SDK untuk Java 2.x

catatan

Ada lebih banyak tentang GitHub. Temukan contoh lengkapnya dan pelajari cara mengatur dan menjalankannya di AWS Repositori Contoh Kode.


    public static void listCertificates(IotClient iotClient) {
        ListCertificatesResponse response = iotClient.listCertificates();
        List<Certificate> certList = response.certificates();
        for (Certificate cert : certList) {
            System.out.println("Cert id: " + cert.certificateId());
            System.out.println("Cert Arn: " + cert.certificateArn());
        }
    }

Untuk detail API, lihat ListCertificatesdi Referensi AWS SDK for Java 2.x API.

Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan cara menggunakanSearchIndex.

SDK untuk Java 2.x

catatan

Ada lebih banyak tentang GitHub. Temukan contoh lengkapnya dan pelajari cara mengatur dan menjalankannya di AWS Repositori Contoh Kode.


    public static void searchThings(IotClient iotClient, String queryString){
        SearchIndexRequest searchIndexRequest = SearchIndexRequest.builder()
            .queryString(queryString)
            .build();

        try {
            // Perform the search and get the result.
            SearchIndexResponse searchIndexResponse = iotClient.searchIndex(searchIndexRequest);

            // Process the result.
            if (searchIndexResponse.things().isEmpty()) {
                System.out.println("No things found.");
            } else {
                searchIndexResponse.things().forEach(thing -> System.out.println("Thing id found using search is " + thing.thingId()));
            }
        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

Untuk detail API, lihat SearchIndexdi Referensi AWS SDK for Java 2.x API.

Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan cara menggunakanUpdateThing.

SDK untuk Java 2.x

catatan

Ada lebih banyak tentang GitHub. Temukan contoh lengkapnya dan pelajari cara mengatur dan menjalankannya di AWS Repositori Contoh Kode.


    public static void updateThing(IotClient iotClient, String thingName) {
        // Specify the new attribute values.
        String newLocation = "Office";
        String newFirmwareVersion = "v2.0";

        Map<String, String> attMap = new HashMap<>();
        attMap.put("location", newLocation);
        attMap.put("firmwareVersion", newFirmwareVersion);

        AttributePayload attributePayload = AttributePayload.builder()
            .attributes(attMap)
            .build();

        UpdateThingRequest updateThingRequest = UpdateThingRequest.builder()
            .thingName(thingName)
            .attributePayload(attributePayload)
            .build();

        try {
            // Update the IoT Thing attributes.
            iotClient.updateThing(updateThingRequest);
            System.out.println("Thing attributes updated successfully.");

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

Untuk detail API, lihat UpdateThingdi Referensi AWS SDK for Java 2.x API.

Skenario

Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan cara bekerja dengan kasus penggunaan manajemen AWS IoT perangkat menggunakan AWS IoT SDK

SDK untuk Java 2.x

catatan

Ada lebih banyak tentang GitHub. Temukan contoh lengkapnya dan pelajari cara mengatur dan menjalankannya di AWS Repositori Contoh Kode.


import software.amazon.awssdk.core.SdkBytes;
import software.amazon.awssdk.regions.Region;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.IotClient;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.Action;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.AttachThingPrincipalRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.AttachThingPrincipalResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.AttributePayload;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.Certificate;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.CreateKeysAndCertificateResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.CreateThingRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.CreateTopicRuleRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.DeleteCertificateRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.CreateThingResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.DeleteThingRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.DescribeEndpointRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.DescribeEndpointResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.DescribeThingRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.DescribeThingResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.DetachThingPrincipalRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.IotException;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.ListCertificatesResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.ListTopicRulesRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.ListTopicRulesResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.SearchIndexRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.SearchIndexResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.SnsAction;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.TopicRuleListItem;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.TopicRulePayload;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.UpdateThingRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iotdataplane.IotDataPlaneClient;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iotdataplane.model.GetThingShadowRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iotdataplane.model.GetThingShadowResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iotdataplane.model.UpdateThingShadowRequest;
import java.net.URI;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

/**
 * Before running this Java V2 code example, set up your development
 * environment, including your credentials.
 *
 * For more information, see the following documentation topic:
 *
 * https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-java/latest/developer-guide/get-started.html
 *
 * This Java example performs these tasks:
 *
 * 1. Creates an AWS IoT Thing.
 * 2. Generate and attach a device certificate.
 * 3. Update an AWS IoT Thing with Attributes.
 * 4. Get an AWS IoT Endpoint.
 * 5. List your certificates.
 * 6. Updates the shadow for the specified thing..
 * 7. Write out the state information, in JSON format
 * 8. Creates a rule
 * 9. List rules
 * 10. Search things
 * 11. Detach amd delete the certificate.
 * 12. Delete Thing.
 */
public class IotScenario {
    public static final String DASHES = new String(new char[80]).replace("\0", "-");
    private static final String TOPIC = "your-iot-topic";
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final String usage =
            """
                Usage:
                    <roleARN> <snsAction>

                Where:
                    roleARN - The ARN of an IAM role that has permission to work with AWS IOT.
                    snsAction  - An ARN of an SNS topic.
                """;

       if (args.length != 2) {
           System.out.println(usage);
           System.exit(1);
       }

        String thingName;
        String ruleName;
        String roleARN = args[0];
        String snsAction = args[1];
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        IotClient iotClient = IotClient.builder()
            .region(Region.US_EAST_1)
            .build();

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("Welcome to the AWS IoT example workflow.");
        System.out.println("""
            This example program demonstrates various interactions with the AWS Internet of Things (IoT) Core service. The program guides you through a series of steps, 
            including creating an IoT Thing, generating a device certificate, updating the Thing with attributes, and so on. 
            It utilizes the AWS SDK for Java V2 and incorporates functionality for creating and managing IoT Things, certificates, rules, 
            shadows, and performing searches. The program aims to showcase AWS IoT capabilities and provides a comprehensive example for 
            developers working with AWS IoT in a Java environment.
            
            """);
        System.out.print("Press Enter to continue...");
        scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("1. Create an AWS IoT Thing.");
        System.out.println("""
            An AWS IoT Thing represents a virtual entity in the AWS IoT service that can be associated with a physical device.
            """);
        // Prompt the user for input.
        System.out.print("Enter Thing name: ");
        thingName = scanner.nextLine();
        createIoTThing(iotClient, thingName);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("2. Generate a device certificate.");
        System.out.println("""
            A device certificate performs a role in securing the communication between devices (Things) and the AWS IoT platform.
            """);

        System.out.print("Do you want to create a certificate for " +thingName +"? (y/n)");
        String certAns = scanner.nextLine();
        String certificateArn="" ;
        if (certAns != null && certAns.trim().equalsIgnoreCase("y")) {
            certificateArn = createCertificate(iotClient);
            System.out.println("Attach the certificate to the AWS IoT Thing.");
            attachCertificateToThing(iotClient, thingName, certificateArn);
        } else {
            System.out.println("A device certificate was not created.");
        }
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("3. Update an AWS IoT Thing with Attributes.");
        System.out.println("""
             IoT Thing attributes, represented as key-value pairs, offer a pivotal advantage in facilitating efficient data 
             management and retrieval within the AWS IoT ecosystem. 
            """);
        System.out.print("Press Enter to continue...");
        scanner.nextLine();
        updateThing(iotClient, thingName);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("4. Return a unique endpoint specific to the Amazon Web Services account.");
        System.out.println("""
            An IoT Endpoint refers to a specific URL or Uniform Resource Locator that serves as the entry point for communication between IoT devices and the AWS IoT service.
           """);
        System.out.print("Press Enter to continue...");
        scanner.nextLine();
        String endpointUrl = describeEndpoint(iotClient);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("5. List your AWS IoT certificates");
        System.out.print("Press Enter to continue...");
        scanner.nextLine();
        if (certificateArn.length() > 0) {
            listCertificates(iotClient);
        } else {
            System.out.println("You did not create a certificates. Skipping this step.");
        }
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("6. Create an IoT shadow that refers to a digital representation or virtual twin of a physical IoT device");
        System.out.println("""
            A Thing Shadow refers to a feature that enables you to create a virtual representation, or "shadow," 
            of a physical device or thing. The Thing Shadow allows you to synchronize and control the state of a device between 
            the cloud and the device itself. and the AWS IoT service. For example, you can write and retrieve JSON data from a Thing Shadow. 
           """);
        System.out.print("Press Enter to continue...");
        scanner.nextLine();
        IotDataPlaneClient iotPlaneClient = IotDataPlaneClient.builder()
            .region(Region.US_EAST_1)
            .endpointOverride(URI.create(endpointUrl))
            .build();

        updateShadowThing(iotPlaneClient, thingName);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("7. Write out the state information, in JSON format.");
        System.out.print("Press Enter to continue...");
        scanner.nextLine();
        getPayload(iotPlaneClient, thingName);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("8. Creates a rule");
        System.out.println("""
        Creates a rule that is an administrator-level action. 
        Any user who has permission to create rules will be able to access data processed by the rule.
        """);
        System.out.print("Enter Rule name: ");
        ruleName = scanner.nextLine();
        createIoTRule(iotClient, roleARN, ruleName, snsAction);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("9. List your rules.");
        System.out.print("Press Enter to continue...");
        scanner.nextLine();
        listIoTRules(iotClient);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("10. Search things using the Thing name.");
        System.out.print("Press Enter to continue...");
        scanner.nextLine();
        String queryString = "thingName:"+thingName ;
        searchThings(iotClient, queryString);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        if (certificateArn.length() > 0) {
            System.out.print("Do you want to detach and delete the certificate for " +thingName +"? (y/n)");
            String delAns = scanner.nextLine();
            if (delAns != null && delAns.trim().equalsIgnoreCase("y")) {
                System.out.println("11. You selected to detach amd delete the certificate.");
                System.out.print("Press Enter to continue...");
                scanner.nextLine();
                detachThingPrincipal(iotClient, thingName, certificateArn);
                deleteCertificate(iotClient, certificateArn);
            } else {
                System.out.println("11. You selected not to delete the certificate.");
            }
        } else {
            System.out.println("11. You did not create a certificate so there is nothing to delete.");
        }
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("12. Delete the AWS IoT Thing.");
        System.out.print("Do you want to delete the IoT Thing? (y/n)");
        String delAns = scanner.nextLine();
        if (delAns != null && delAns.trim().equalsIgnoreCase("y")) {
            deleteIoTThing(iotClient, thingName);
        } else {
            System.out.println("The IoT Thing was not deleted.");
        }
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("The AWS IoT workflow has successfully completed.");
        System.out.println(DASHES);
    }

    public static void listCertificates(IotClient iotClient) {
        ListCertificatesResponse response = iotClient.listCertificates();
        List<Certificate> certList = response.certificates();
        for (Certificate cert : certList) {
            System.out.println("Cert id: " + cert.certificateId());
            System.out.println("Cert Arn: " + cert.certificateArn());
        }
    }

    public static void listIoTRules(IotClient iotClient) {
        try {
            ListTopicRulesRequest listTopicRulesRequest = ListTopicRulesRequest.builder().build();
            ListTopicRulesResponse listTopicRulesResponse = iotClient.listTopicRules(listTopicRulesRequest);
            System.out.println("List of IoT Rules:");
            List<TopicRuleListItem> ruleList = listTopicRulesResponse.rules();
            for (TopicRuleListItem rule : ruleList) {
                System.out.println("Rule Name: " + rule.ruleName());
                System.out.println("Rule ARN: " + rule.ruleArn());
                System.out.println("--------------");
            }

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static void createIoTRule(IotClient iotClient, String roleARN, String ruleName, String action) {
        try {
            String sql = "SELECT * FROM '" + TOPIC + "'";
            SnsAction action1 = SnsAction.builder()
                .targetArn(action)
                .roleArn(roleARN)
                .build();

            // Create the action.
            Action myAction = Action.builder()
                .sns(action1)
                .build();

            // Create the topic rule payload.
            TopicRulePayload topicRulePayload = TopicRulePayload.builder()
                .sql(sql)
                .actions(myAction)
                .build();

            // Create the topic rule request.
            CreateTopicRuleRequest topicRuleRequest = CreateTopicRuleRequest.builder()
                .ruleName(ruleName)
                .topicRulePayload(topicRulePayload)
                .build();

            // Create the rule.
            iotClient.createTopicRule(topicRuleRequest);
            System.out.println("IoT Rule created successfully.");

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.getMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static void getPayload(IotDataPlaneClient iotPlaneClient, String thingName) {
        try {
            GetThingShadowRequest getThingShadowRequest = GetThingShadowRequest.builder()
                .thingName(thingName)
                .build();

            GetThingShadowResponse getThingShadowResponse = iotPlaneClient.getThingShadow(getThingShadowRequest);

            // Extracting payload from response.
            SdkBytes payload = getThingShadowResponse.payload();
            String payloadString = payload.asUtf8String();
            System.out.println("Received Shadow Data: " + payloadString);

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.getMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static void updateShadowThing(IotDataPlaneClient iotPlaneClient, String thingName) {
        try {
            // Create Thing Shadow State Document.
            String stateDocument = "{\"state\":{\"reported\":{\"temperature\":25, \"humidity\":50}}}";
            SdkBytes data= SdkBytes.fromString(stateDocument, StandardCharsets.UTF_8 );
            UpdateThingShadowRequest updateThingShadowRequest = UpdateThingShadowRequest.builder()
                .thingName(thingName)
                .payload(data)
                .build();

            // Update Thing Shadow.
            iotPlaneClient.updateThingShadow(updateThingShadowRequest);
            System.out.println("Thing Shadow updated successfully.");

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static void updateThing(IotClient iotClient, String thingName) {
        // Specify the new attribute values.
        String newLocation = "Office";
        String newFirmwareVersion = "v2.0";

        Map<String, String> attMap = new HashMap<>();
        attMap.put("location", newLocation);
        attMap.put("firmwareVersion", newFirmwareVersion);

        AttributePayload attributePayload = AttributePayload.builder()
            .attributes(attMap)
            .build();

        UpdateThingRequest updateThingRequest = UpdateThingRequest.builder()
            .thingName(thingName)
            .attributePayload(attributePayload)
            .build();

        try {
            // Update the IoT Thing attributes.
            iotClient.updateThing(updateThingRequest);
            System.out.println("Thing attributes updated successfully.");

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static String describeEndpoint(IotClient iotClient) {
        try {
            DescribeEndpointResponse endpointResponse = iotClient.describeEndpoint(DescribeEndpointRequest.builder().build());

            // Get the endpoint URL.
            String endpointUrl = endpointResponse.endpointAddress();
            String exString = getValue(endpointUrl);
            String fullEndpoint = "https://"+exString+"-ats.iot.us-east-1.amazonaws.com";

            System.out.println("Full Endpoint URL: "+fullEndpoint);
            return fullEndpoint;

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
        return "" ;
    }

    public static void detachThingPrincipal(IotClient iotClient, String thingName, String certificateArn){
        try {
            DetachThingPrincipalRequest thingPrincipalRequest = DetachThingPrincipalRequest.builder()
                .principal(certificateArn)
                .thingName(thingName)
                .build();

            iotClient.detachThingPrincipal(thingPrincipalRequest);
            System.out.println(certificateArn +" was successfully removed from " +thingName);

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static void deleteCertificate(IotClient iotClient, String certificateArn ) {
        DeleteCertificateRequest certificateProviderRequest = DeleteCertificateRequest.builder()
            .certificateId(extractCertificateId(certificateArn))
            .build();

        iotClient.deleteCertificate(certificateProviderRequest);
        System.out.println(certificateArn +" was successfully deleted.");
    }

    // Get the cert Id  from the Cert ARN value.
    private static String extractCertificateId(String certificateArn) {
        // Example ARN: arn:aws:iot:region:account-id:cert/certificate-id.
        String[] arnParts = certificateArn.split(":");
        String certificateIdPart = arnParts[arnParts.length - 1];
        return certificateIdPart.substring(certificateIdPart.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
    }

    public static String createCertificate(IotClient iotClient) {
        try {
            CreateKeysAndCertificateResponse response = iotClient.createKeysAndCertificate();
            String certificatePem = response.certificatePem();
            String certificateArn = response.certificateArn();

            // Print the details.
            System.out.println("\nCertificate:");
            System.out.println(certificatePem);
            System.out.println("\nCertificate ARN:");
            System.out.println(certificateArn);
            return certificateArn;

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }

        return "";
    }

    public static void attachCertificateToThing(IotClient iotClient, String thingName, String certificateArn) {
        // Attach the certificate to the thing.
        AttachThingPrincipalRequest principalRequest = AttachThingPrincipalRequest.builder()
            .thingName(thingName)
            .principal(certificateArn)
            .build();

        AttachThingPrincipalResponse attachResponse = iotClient.attachThingPrincipal(principalRequest);

        // Verify the attachment was successful.
        if (attachResponse.sdkHttpResponse().isSuccessful()) {
            System.out.println("Certificate attached to Thing successfully.");

            // Print additional information about the Thing.
            describeThing(iotClient, thingName);
        } else {
            System.err.println("Failed to attach certificate to Thing. HTTP Status Code: " +
                attachResponse.sdkHttpResponse().statusCode());
        }
    }

    private static void describeThing(IotClient iotClient, String thingName) {
        try {
            DescribeThingRequest thingRequest = DescribeThingRequest.builder()
                .thingName(thingName)
                .build() ;

            // Print Thing details.
            DescribeThingResponse describeResponse = iotClient.describeThing(thingRequest);
            System.out.println("Thing Details:");
            System.out.println("Thing Name: " + describeResponse.thingName());
            System.out.println("Thing ARN: " + describeResponse.thingArn());

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static void deleteIoTThing(IotClient iotClient, String thingName) {
        try {
            DeleteThingRequest deleteThingRequest = DeleteThingRequest.builder()
                .thingName(thingName)
                .build();

            iotClient.deleteThing(deleteThingRequest);
            System.out.println("Deleted Thing " + thingName);

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static void createIoTThing(IotClient iotClient, String thingName) {
        try {
            CreateThingRequest createThingRequest = CreateThingRequest.builder()
                .thingName(thingName)
                .build();

            CreateThingResponse createThingResponse = iotClient.createThing(createThingRequest);
            System.out.println(thingName +" was successfully created. The ARN value is " + createThingResponse.thingArn());

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    private static String getValue(String input) {
        // Define a regular expression pattern for extracting the subdomain.
        Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^(.*?)\\.iot\\.us-east-1\\.amazonaws\\.com");

        // Match the pattern against the input string.
        Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(input);

        // Check if a match is found.
        if (matcher.find()) {
            // Extract the subdomain from the first capturing group.
            String subdomain = matcher.group(1);
            System.out.println("Extracted subdomain: " + subdomain);
            return subdomain ;
        } else {
            System.out.println("No match found");
        }
        return "" ;
    }

    public static void searchThings(IotClient iotClient, String queryString){
        SearchIndexRequest searchIndexRequest = SearchIndexRequest.builder()
            .queryString(queryString)
            .build();

        try {
            // Perform the search and get the result.
            SearchIndexResponse searchIndexResponse = iotClient.searchIndex(searchIndexRequest);

            // Process the result.
            if (searchIndexResponse.things().isEmpty()) {
                System.out.println("No things found.");
            } else {
                searchIndexResponse.things().forEach(thing -> System.out.println("Thing id found using search is " + thing.thingId()));
            }
        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }
}

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