Distribuzione di applicazioni su Amazon EC2 con AWS CloudFormation - AWS CloudFormation
Istanza Amazon EC2 di baseInstallazione LAMPConfigurazione LAMPCreationPolicy attributo

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Distribuzione di applicazioni su Amazon EC2 con AWS CloudFormation

Puoi utilizzarlo AWS CloudFormation per installare, configurare e avviare automaticamente le applicazioni sulle istanze Amazon EC2. Ciò ti consente di duplicare in modo semplice le distribuzioni e di aggiornare le installazioni esistenti senza stabilire una connessione diretta con l'istanza, risparmiando in questo modo una quantità significativa di tempo e lavoro.

CloudFormation include un set di script di supporto (cfn-init, cfn-signal e cfn-hup) basati su cloud-init. cfn-get-metadata Puoi richiamare questi script di supporto dai tuoi CloudFormation modelli per installare, configurare e aggiornare le applicazioni su istanze Amazon EC2 che si trovano nello stesso modello.

La seguente procedura guidata descrive come creare un modello che avvia uno stack LAMP utilizzando script helper cfn per installare, configurare e avviare Apache, MySQL e PHP. Inizierai con un semplice modello che imposta un'istanza Amazon EC2 di base eseguendo Amazon Linux, quindi continuerai effettuando aggiunte al modello finché non descrive uno stack LAMP pieno.

Istanza Amazon EC2 di base

Inizi con un modello di base che definisce una singola istanza Amazon EC2 con un gruppo di sicurezza che consente il traffico SSH sulla porta 22 e il traffico HTTP sulla porta 80, come nell'esempio seguente:

JSON

{
  "AWSTemplateFormatVersion" : "2010-09-09",

  "Description" : "AWS CloudFormation sample template LAMP_Single_Instance: Create a LAMP stack using a single EC2 instance and a local MySQL database for storage. This template demonstrates using the AWS CloudFormation bootstrap scripts to install the packages and files necessary to deploy the Apache web server, PHP, and MySQL at instance launch time. **WARNING** This template creates an Amazon EC2 instance. You will be billed for the AWS resources used if you create a stack from this template.",

  "Parameters" : {
    "KeyName": {
      "Description" : "Name of an existing EC2 KeyPair to enable SSH access to the instance",
      "Type": "AWS::EC2::KeyPair::KeyName",
      "ConstraintDescription" : "Can contain only ASCII characters."
    },  
    "InstanceType" : {
      "Description" : "WebServer EC2 instance type",
      "Type" : "String",
      "Default" : "t2.small",
      "AllowedValues" : [ 
        "t1.micro", 
        "t2.nano", 
        "t2.micro", 
        "t2.small", 
        "t2.medium", 
        "t2.large", 
        "m1.small", 
        "m1.medium", 
        "m1.large", 
        "m1.xlarge", 
        "m2.xlarge", 
        "m2.2xlarge", 
        "m2.4xlarge", 
        "m3.medium", 
        "m3.large", 
        "m3.xlarge", 
        "m3.2xlarge", 
        "m4.large", 
        "m4.xlarge", 
        "m4.2xlarge", 
        "m4.4xlarge", 
        "m4.10xlarge", 
        "c1.medium", 
        "c1.xlarge", 
        "c3.large", 
        "c3.xlarge", 
        "c3.2xlarge", 
        "c3.4xlarge", 
        "c3.8xlarge", 
        "c4.large", 
        "c4.xlarge", 
        "c4.2xlarge", 
        "c4.4xlarge", 
        "c4.8xlarge", 
        "g2.2xlarge", 
        "g2.8xlarge", 
        "r3.large", 
        "r3.xlarge", 
        "r3.2xlarge", 
        "r3.4xlarge", 
        "r3.8xlarge", 
        "i2.xlarge", 
        "i2.2xlarge", 
        "i2.4xlarge", 
        "i2.8xlarge", 
        "d2.xlarge", 
        "d2.2xlarge", 
        "d2.4xlarge", 
        "d2.8xlarge", 
        "hi1.4xlarge", 
        "hs1.8xlarge", 
        "cr1.8xlarge", 
        "cc2.8xlarge", 
        "cg1.4xlarge"
      ],
      "ConstraintDescription" : "must be a valid EC2 instance type."
    },
    "SSHLocation" : {
      "Description" : "The IP address range that can be used to SSH to the EC2 instances",
      "Type": "String",
      "MinLength": "9",
      "MaxLength": "18",
      "Default": "0.0.0.0/0",
      "AllowedPattern": "(\\d{1,3})\\.(\\d{1,3})\\.(\\d{1,3})\\.(\\d{1,3})/(\\d{1,2})",
      "ConstraintDescription": "Must be a valid IP CIDR range of the form x.x.x.x/x"
    } 
  },

      
  "Mappings" : {
    "AWSInstanceType2Arch" : {
      "t1.micro"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "t2.nano"     : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "t2.micro"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "t2.small"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "t2.medium"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "t2.large"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m1.small"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m1.medium"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m1.large"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m1.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m2.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m2.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m2.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m3.medium"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m3.large"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m3.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m3.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m4.large"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m4.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m4.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m4.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m4.10xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c1.medium"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c1.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c3.large"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c3.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c3.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c3.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c3.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c4.large"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c4.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c4.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c4.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c4.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "g2.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVMG2"  },
      "g2.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVMG2"  },
      "r3.large"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "r3.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "r3.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "r3.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "r3.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "i2.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "i2.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "i2.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "i2.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "d2.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "d2.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "d2.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "d2.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "hi1.4xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "hs1.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "cr1.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "cc2.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  }
    },

    "AWSRegionArch2AMI" : {
      "us-east-1"        : {"HVM64" : "ami-0ff8a91507f77f867", "HVMG2" : "ami-0a584ac55a7631c0c"},
      "us-west-2"        : {"HVM64" : "ami-a0cfeed8", "HVMG2" : "ami-0e09505bc235aa82d"},
      "us-west-1"        : {"HVM64" : "ami-0bdb828fd58c52235", "HVMG2" : "ami-066ee5fd4a9ef77f1"},
      "eu-west-1"        : {"HVM64" : "ami-047bb4163c506cd98", "HVMG2" : "ami-0a7c483d527806435"},
      "eu-west-2"        : {"HVM64" : "ami-f976839e", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "eu-west-3"        : {"HVM64" : "ami-0ebc281c20e89ba4b", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "eu-central-1"     : {"HVM64" : "ami-0233214e13e500f77", "HVMG2" : "ami-06223d46a6d0661c7"},
      "ap-northeast-1"   : {"HVM64" : "ami-06cd52961ce9f0d85", "HVMG2" : "ami-053cdd503598e4a9d"},
      "ap-northeast-2"   : {"HVM64" : "ami-0a10b2721688ce9d2", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "ap-northeast-3"   : {"HVM64" : "ami-0d98120a9fb693f07", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "ap-southeast-1"   : {"HVM64" : "ami-08569b978cc4dfa10", "HVMG2" : "ami-0be9df32ae9f92309"},
      "ap-southeast-2"   : {"HVM64" : "ami-09b42976632b27e9b", "HVMG2" : "ami-0a9ce9fecc3d1daf8"},
      "ap-south-1"       : {"HVM64" : "ami-0912f71e06545ad88", "HVMG2" : "ami-097b15e89dbdcfcf4"},
      "us-east-2"        : {"HVM64" : "ami-0b59bfac6be064b78", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "ca-central-1"     : {"HVM64" : "ami-0b18956f", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "sa-east-1"        : {"HVM64" : "ami-07b14488da8ea02a0", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "cn-north-1"       : {"HVM64" : "ami-0a4eaf6c4454eda75", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "cn-northwest-1"   : {"HVM64" : "ami-6b6a7d09", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"}
    }
  },

  "Resources" : {

    "WebServerInstance": {
      "Type": "AWS::EC2::Instance",
      "Properties": {
        "ImageId" : { "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "AWSRegionArch2AMI", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" },
                          { "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "AWSInstanceType2Arch", { "Ref" : "InstanceType" }, "Arch" ] } ] },
        "InstanceType"   : { "Ref" : "InstanceType" },
        "SecurityGroups" : [ {"Ref" : "WebServerSecurityGroup"} ],
        "KeyName"        : { "Ref" : "KeyName" }
      }
    },
    "WebServerSecurityGroup" : {
      "Type" : "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup",
      "Properties" : {
        "GroupDescription" : "Enable HTTP access via port 80",
        "SecurityGroupIngress" : [
          {"IpProtocol" : "tcp", "FromPort" : 80, "ToPort" : 80, "CidrIp" : "0.0.0.0/0"},
          {"IpProtocol" : "tcp", "FromPort" : 22, "ToPort" : 22, "CidrIp" : { "Ref" : "SSHLocation"}}
        ]
      }
    }
  },

  "Outputs" : {
    "WebsiteURL" : {
      "Description" : "URL for newly created LAMP stack",
      "Value" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["http://", { "Fn::GetAtt" : [ "WebServerInstance", "PublicDnsName" ]}]] }
    }
  }
}

YAML

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: >-
  AWS CloudFormation sample template LAMP_Single_Instance: Create a LAMP stack
  using a single EC2 instance and a local MySQL database for storage. This
  template demonstrates using the AWS CloudFormation bootstrap scripts to
  install the packages and files necessary to deploy the Apache web server, PHP,
  and MySQL at instance launch time. **WARNING** This template creates an Amazon
  EC2 instance. You will be billed for the AWS resources used if you create a
  stack from this template.
Parameters:
  KeyName:
    Description: Name of an existing EC2 KeyPair to enable SSH access to the instance
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::KeyPair::KeyName'
    ConstraintDescription: Can contain only ASCII characters.
  InstanceType:
    Description: WebServer EC2 instance type
    Type: String
    Default: t2.small
    AllowedValues:
      - t1.micro
      - t2.nano
      - t2.micro
      - t2.small
      - t2.medium
      - t2.large
      - m1.small
      - m1.medium
      - m1.large
      - m1.xlarge
      - m2.xlarge
      - m2.2xlarge
      - m2.4xlarge
      - m3.medium
      - m3.large
      - m3.xlarge
      - m3.2xlarge
      - m4.large
      - m4.xlarge
      - m4.2xlarge
      - m4.4xlarge
      - m4.10xlarge
      - c1.medium
      - c1.xlarge
      - c3.large
      - c3.xlarge
      - c3.2xlarge
      - c3.4xlarge
      - c3.8xlarge
      - c4.large
      - c4.xlarge
      - c4.2xlarge
      - c4.4xlarge
      - c4.8xlarge
      - g2.2xlarge
      - g2.8xlarge
      - r3.large
      - r3.xlarge
      - r3.2xlarge
      - r3.4xlarge
      - r3.8xlarge
      - i2.xlarge
      - i2.2xlarge
      - i2.4xlarge
      - i2.8xlarge
      - d2.xlarge
      - d2.2xlarge
      - d2.4xlarge
      - d2.8xlarge
      - hi1.4xlarge
      - hs1.8xlarge
      - cr1.8xlarge
      - cc2.8xlarge
      - cg1.4xlarge
    ConstraintDescription: must be a valid EC2 instance type.
  SSHLocation:
    Description: The IP address range that can be used to SSH to the EC2 instances
    Type: String
    MinLength: '9'
    MaxLength: '18'
    Default: 0.0.0.0/0
    AllowedPattern: '(\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3})/(\d{1,2})'
    ConstraintDescription: Must be a valid IP CIDR range of the form x.x.x.x/x
Mappings:
  AWSInstanceType2Arch:
    t1.micro:
      Arch: HVM64
    t2.nano:
      Arch: HVM64
    t2.micro:
      Arch: HVM64
    t2.small:
      Arch: HVM64
    t2.medium:
      Arch: HVM64
    t2.large:
      Arch: HVM64
    m1.small:
      Arch: HVM64
    m1.medium:
      Arch: HVM64
    m1.large:
      Arch: HVM64
    m1.xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    m2.xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    m2.2xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    m2.4xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    m3.medium:
      Arch: HVM64
    m3.large:
      Arch: HVM64
    m3.xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    m3.2xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    m4.large:
      Arch: HVM64
    m4.xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    m4.2xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    m4.4xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    m4.10xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    c1.medium:
      Arch: HVM64
    c1.xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    c3.large:
      Arch: HVM64
    c3.xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    c3.2xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    c3.4xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    c3.8xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    c4.large:
      Arch: HVM64
    c4.xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    c4.2xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    c4.4xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    c4.8xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    g2.2xlarge:
      Arch: HVMG2
    g2.8xlarge:
      Arch: HVMG2
    r3.large:
      Arch: HVM64
    r3.xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    r3.2xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    r3.4xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    r3.8xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    i2.xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    i2.2xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    i2.4xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    i2.8xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    d2.xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    d2.2xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    d2.4xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    d2.8xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    hi1.4xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    hs1.8xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    cr1.8xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    cc2.8xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
  AWSRegionArch2AMI:
    us-east-1:
      HVM64: ami-0ff8a91507f77f867
      HVMG2: ami-0a584ac55a7631c0c
    us-west-2:
      HVM64: ami-a0cfeed8
      HVMG2: ami-0e09505bc235aa82d
    us-west-1:
      HVM64: ami-0bdb828fd58c52235
      HVMG2: ami-066ee5fd4a9ef77f1
    eu-west-1:
      HVM64: ami-047bb4163c506cd98
      HVMG2: ami-0a7c483d527806435
    eu-west-2:
      HVM64: ami-f976839e
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    eu-west-3:
      HVM64: ami-0ebc281c20e89ba4b
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    eu-central-1:
      HVM64: ami-0233214e13e500f77
      HVMG2: ami-06223d46a6d0661c7
    ap-northeast-1:
      HVM64: ami-06cd52961ce9f0d85
      HVMG2: ami-053cdd503598e4a9d
    ap-northeast-2:
      HVM64: ami-0a10b2721688ce9d2
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    ap-northeast-3:
      HVM64: ami-0d98120a9fb693f07
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    ap-southeast-1:
      HVM64: ami-08569b978cc4dfa10
      HVMG2: ami-0be9df32ae9f92309
    ap-southeast-2:
      HVM64: ami-09b42976632b27e9b
      HVMG2: ami-0a9ce9fecc3d1daf8
    ap-south-1:
      HVM64: ami-0912f71e06545ad88
      HVMG2: ami-097b15e89dbdcfcf4
    us-east-2:
      HVM64: ami-0b59bfac6be064b78
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    ca-central-1:
      HVM64: ami-0b18956f
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    sa-east-1:
      HVM64: ami-07b14488da8ea02a0
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    cn-north-1:
      HVM64: ami-0a4eaf6c4454eda75
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    cn-northwest-1:
      HVM64: ami-6b6a7d09
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
Resources:
  WebServerInstance:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::Instance'
    Properties:
      ImageId: !FindInMap 
        - AWSRegionArch2AMI
        - !Ref 'AWS::Region'
        - !FindInMap 
          - AWSInstanceType2Arch
          - !Ref InstanceType
          - Arch
      InstanceType: !Ref InstanceType
      SecurityGroups:
        - !Ref WebServerSecurityGroup
      KeyName: !Ref KeyName
  WebServerSecurityGroup:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup'
    Properties:
      GroupDescription: Enable HTTP access via port 80
      SecurityGroupIngress:
        - IpProtocol: tcp
          FromPort: 80
          ToPort: 80
          CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0
        - IpProtocol: tcp
          FromPort: 22
          ToPort: 22
          CidrIp: !Ref SSHLocation
Outputs:
  WebsiteURL:
    Description: URL for newly created LAMP stack
    Value: !Join 
      - ''
      - - 'http://'
        - !GetAtt 
          - WebServerInstance
          - PublicDnsName

Oltre all'istanza Amazon EC2 e al gruppo di sicurezza, vengono creati tre parametri di input che specificano il tipo di istanza, una coppia di chiavi Amazon EC2 da utilizzare per l'accesso SSH e un intervallo di indirizzi IP che può essere utilizzato per effettuare l'accesso SSH all'istanza. La sezione di mappatura garantisce l' CloudFormationutilizzo dell'ID AMI corretto per la regione dello stack e il tipo di istanza Amazon EC2. Infine, la sezione di output invia l'URL pubblico del server Web.

Installazione LAMP

Basandoti sul precedente modello Amazon EC2 di base, installerai automaticamente Apache, MySQL e PHP. Per installare le applicazioni, dovrai aggiungere una proprietà UserData e una proprietà Metadata. Tuttavia, il modello non eseguirà la configurazione e l'avvio delle applicazioni fino alla sezione successiva.

In questo esempio, le sezioni contrassegnate con i puntini di sospensione (...) vengono omesse per brevità.

JSON

{
    "AWSTemplateFormatVersion":"2010-09-09",
    "Description":"AWS CloudFormation Sample Template LAMP_Install_Only: ...",
    "Parameters":{
        "KeyName":{
            "..."
        },
        "InstanceType":{
            "..."
        },
        "Mappings":{
            "..."
        },
        "Resources":{
            "WebServerInstance":{
                "Type":"AWS::EC2::Instance",
                "Metadata":{
                    "Comment1":"Configure the bootstrap helpers to install the Apache Web Server and PHP",
                    "Comment2":"Save website content to /var/www/html/index.php",
                    "AWS::CloudFormation::Init":{
                        "configSets":{
                            "Install":[
                                "Install"
                            ]
                        },
                        "Install":{
                            "packages":{
                                "yum":{
                                    "mysql":[
                                        
                                    ],
                                    "mysql-server":[
                                        
                                    ],
                                    "mysql-libs":[
                                        
                                    ],
                                    "httpd":[
                                        
                                    ],
                                    "php":[
                                        
                                    ],
                                    "php-mysql":[
                                        
                                    ]
                                }
                            },
                            "files":{
                                "/var/www/html/index.php":{
                                    "content":{
                                        "Fn::Join":[
                                            "",
                                            [
                                                "<html>\n",
                                                "  <head>\n",
                                                "    <title>AWS CloudFormation PHP Sample</title>\n",
                                                "    <meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1\">\n",
                                                "  </head>\n",
                                                "  <body>\n",
                                                "    <h1>Welcome to the AWS CloudFormation PHP Sample</h1>\n",
                                                "    <p/>\n",
                                                "    <?php\n",
                                                "      // Print out the current data and time\n",
                                                "      print \"The Current Date and Time is: <br/>\";\n",
                                                "      print date(\"g:i A l, F j Y.\");\n",
                                                "    ?>\n",
                                                "    <p/>\n",
                                                "    <?php\n",
                                                "      // Setup a handle for CURL\n",
                                                "      $curl_handle=curl_init();\n",
                                                "      curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT,2);\n",
                                                "      curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);\n",
                                                "      // Get the hostname of the instance from the instance metadata\n",
                                                "      curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_URL,'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-hostname');\n",
                                                "      $hostname = curl_exec($curl_handle);\n",
                                                "      if (empty($hostname))\n",
                                                "      {\n",
                                                "        print \"Sorry, for some reason, we got no hostname back <br />\";\n",
                                                "      }\n",
                                                "      else\n",
                                                "      {\n",
                                                "        print \"Server = \" . $hostname . \"<br />\";\n",
                                                "      }\n",
                                                "      // Get the instance-id of the instance from the instance metadata\n",
                                                "      curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_URL,'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-id');\n",
                                                "      $instanceid = curl_exec($curl_handle);\n",
                                                "      if (empty($instanceid))\n",
                                                "      {\n",
                                                "        print \"Sorry, for some reason, we got no instance id back <br />\";\n",
                                                "      }\n",
                                                "      else\n",
                                                "      {\n",
                                                "        print \"EC2 instance-id = \" . $instanceid . \"<br />\";\n",
                                                "      }\n",
                                                "      $Database   = \"",
                                                {
                                                    "Ref":"DBName"
                                                },
                                                "\";\n",
                                                "      $DBUser     = \"",
                                                {
                                                    "Ref":"DBUsername"
                                                },
                                                "\";\n",
                                                "      $DBPassword = \"",
                                                {
                                                    "Ref":"DBPassword"
                                                },
                                                "\";\n",
                                                "      print \"Database = \" . $Database . \"<br />\";\n",
                                                "      $dbconnection = mysql_connect('localhost', $DBUser, $DBPassword, $Database)\n",
                                                "                      or die(\"Could not connect: \" . mysql_error());\n",
                                                "      print (\"Connected to $Database successfully\");\n",
                                                "      mysql_close($dbconnection);\n",
                                                "    ?>\n",
                                                "    <h2>PHP Information</h2>\n",
                                                "    <p/>\n",
                                                "    <?php\n",
                                                "      phpinfo();\n",
                                                "    ?>\n",
                                                "  </body>\n",
                                                "</html>\n"
                                            ]
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    "mode":"000600",
                                    "owner":"apache",
                                    "group":"apache"
                                }
                            },
                            "services":{
                                "sysvinit":{
                                    "httpd":{
                                        "enabled":"true",
                                        "ensureRunning":"true"
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    "Properties":{
                        "ImageId":{
                            "Fn::FindInMap":[
                                "AWSRegionArch2AMI",
                                {
                                    "Ref":"AWS::Region"
                                },
                                {
                                    "Fn::FindInMap":[
                                        "AWSInstanceType2Arch",
                                        {
                                            "Ref":"InstanceType"
                                        },
                                        "Arch"
                                    ]
                                }
                            ]
                        },
                        "InstanceType":{
                            "Ref":"InstanceType"
                        },
                        "SecurityGroups":[
                            {
                                "Ref":"WebServerSecurityGroup"
                            }
                        ],
                        "KeyName":{
                            "Ref":"KeyName"
                        },
                        "UserData":{
                            "Fn::Base64":{
                                "Fn::Join":[
                                    "",
                                    [
                                        "#!/bin/bash -xe\n",
                                        "yum install -y aws-cfn-bootstrap\n",
                                        "# Install the files and packages from the metadata\n",
                                        "/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v ",
                                        "         --stack ",
                                        {
                                            "Ref":"AWS::StackName"
                                        },
                                        "         --resource WebServerInstance ",
                                        "         --configsets Install ",
                                        "         --region ",
                                        {
                                            "Ref":"AWS::Region"
                                        },
                                        "\n"
                                    ]
                                ]
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                "WebServerSecurityGroup":{
                    "..."
                }
            },
            "Outputs":{
                "..."
            }
        }
    }
}

YAML

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: 'AWS CloudFormation Sample Template LAMP_Install_Only: ...'
Resources:
  WebServerInstance:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::Instance'
    Metadata:
      Comment1: Configure the bootstrap helpers to install the Apache Web Server and PHP
      Comment2: Save website content to /var/www/html/index.php
      'AWS::CloudFormation::Init':
        configSets:
          Install:
            - Install
        Install:
          packages:
            yum:
              mysql: []
              mysql-server: []
              mysql-libs: []
              httpd: []
              php: []
              php-mysql: []
          files:
            /var/www/html/index.php:
              content: !Join 
                - ''
                - - |
                    <html>
                  - |2
                      <head>
                  - |2
                        <title>AWS CloudFormation PHP Sample</title>
                  - |2
                        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
                  - |2
                      </head>
                  - |2
                      <body>
                  - |2
                        <h1>Welcome to the AWS CloudFormation PHP Sample</h1>
                  - |2
                        <p/>
                  - |2
                        <?php
                  - |2
                          // Print out the current data and time
                  - |2
                          print "The Current Date and Time is: <br/>";
                  - |2
                          print date("g:i A l, F j Y.");
                  - |2
                        ?>
                  - |2
                        <p/>
                  - |2
                        <?php
                  - |2
                          // Setup a handle for CURL
                  - |2
                          $curl_handle=curl_init();
                  - |2
                          curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT,2);
                  - |2
                          curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);
                  - |2
                          // Get the hostname of the instance from the instance metadata
                  - |2
                          curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_URL,'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-hostname');
                  - |2
                          $hostname = curl_exec($curl_handle);
                  - |2
                          if (empty($hostname))
                  - |2
                          {
                  - |2
                            print "Sorry, for some reason, we got no hostname back <br />";
                  - |2
                          }
                  - |2
                          else
                  - |2
                          {
                  - |2
                            print "Server = " . $hostname . "<br />";
                  - |2
                          }
                  - |2
                          // Get the instance-id of the instance from the instance metadata
                  - |2
                          curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_URL,'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-id');
                  - |2
                          $instanceid = curl_exec($curl_handle);
                  - |2
                          if (empty($instanceid))
                  - |2
                          {
                  - |2
                            print "Sorry, for some reason, we got no instance id back <br />";
                  - |2
                          }
                  - |2
                          else
                  - |2
                          {
                  - |2
                            print "EC2 instance-id = " . $instanceid . "<br />";
                  - |2
                          }
                  - '      $Database   = "'
                  - !Ref DBName
                  - |
                    ";
                  - '      $DBUser     = "'
                  - !Ref DBUsername
                  - |
                    ";
                  - '      $DBPassword = "'
                  - !Ref DBPassword
                  - |
                    ";
                  - |2
                          print "Database = " . $Database . "<br />";
                  - |2
                          $dbconnection = mysql_connect('localhost', $DBUser, $DBPassword, $Database)
                  - |2
                                          or die("Could not connect: " . mysql_error());
                  - |2
                          print ("Connected to $Database successfully");
                  - |2
                          mysql_close($dbconnection);
                  - |2
                        ?>
                  - |2
                        <h2>PHP Information</h2>
                  - |2
                        <p/>
                  - |2
                        <?php
                  - |2
                          phpinfo();
                  - |2
                        ?>
                  - |2
                      </body>
                  - |
                    </html>
              mode: '000600'
              owner: apache
              group: apache
          services:
            sysvinit:
              httpd:
                enabled: 'true'
                ensureRunning: 'true'
      Properties:
        ImageId: !FindInMap 
          - AWSRegionArch2AMI
          - !Ref 'AWS::Region'
          - !FindInMap 
            - AWSInstanceType2Arch
            - !Ref InstanceType
            - Arch
        InstanceType: !Ref InstanceType
        SecurityGroups:
          - !Ref WebServerSecurityGroup
        KeyName: !Ref KeyName
        UserData: !Base64 
          'Fn::Join':
            - ''
            - - |
                #!/bin/bash -xe
              - |
                yum install -y aws-cfn-bootstrap
              - |
                # Install the files and packages from the metadata
              - '/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v '
              - '         --stack '
              - !Ref 'AWS::StackName'
              - '         --resource WebServerInstance '
              - '         --configsets Install '
              - '         --region '
              - !Ref 'AWS::Region'
              - |+

La UserData proprietà esegue due comandi di shell: installa gli script di CloudFormation supporto e quindi esegue lo script di supporto. cfn-init Poiché gli script helper vengono aggiornati periodicamente, l'esecuzione del comando yum install -y aws-cfn-bootstrap ti garantisce di utilizzare gli script helper più recenti. Quando viene eseguito, cfn-init, legge i metadati dalla risorsa AWS::CloudFormation::Init, che descrive le operazioni che devono essere effettuate da cfn-init. Ad esempio, puoi utilizzare cfn-init e AWS::CloudFormation::Init per installare pacchetti, scrivere file su disco o avviare un servizio. Nel caso in questione, cfn-init installa i pacchetti elencati (httpd, mysql e php) e crea il file /var/www/html/index.php (un'applicazione PHP di esempio).

Configurazione LAMP

Ora che disponi di un modello che installa Linux, Apache, MySQL e PHP, dovrai espandere il modello in modo che configuri ed esegua automaticamente Apache, MySQL e PHP. Nell'esempio seguente, vengono espanse la sezione Parameters (Parametri), la risorsa AWS::CloudFormation::Init e la proprietà UserData per completare la configurazione. Come per il modello precedente, le sezioni contrassegnate con i puntini di sospensione (...) vengono omesse per brevità. Le aggiunte ai modelli sono mostrate in corsivo rosso.

L'esempio definisce i parametri DBUsername e DBPassword con la proprietà NoEcho impostata su true. Se si imposta l'NoEchoattributo sutrue, CloudFormation restituisce il valore del parametro mascherato da asterischi (*****) per tutte le chiamate che descrivono lo stack o gli eventi dello stack, ad eccezione delle informazioni memorizzate nelle posizioni specificate di seguito.

Importante

L'utilizzo dell'attributo NoEcho non maschera le informazioni memorizzate nei seguenti elementi:

  • La sezione dei modelli. Metadata CloudFormation non trasforma, modifica o oscura le informazioni incluse nella Metadata sezione. Per ulteriori informazioni, consulta Metadati.

  • Sezione dei modelli Outputs. Per ulteriori informazioni, consulta Output.

  • Attributo Metadata di una definizione di risorsa. Per ulteriori informazioni, consulta Attributo Metadata.

Si consiglia vivamente di non utilizzare questi meccanismi per includere informazioni sensibili, come password o segreti.

Importante

Anziché incorporare informazioni riservate direttamente nei CloudFormation modelli, consigliamo di utilizzare parametri dinamici nel modello di pila per fare riferimento a informazioni sensibili archiviate e gestite all'esterno CloudFormation, ad esempio nel AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store o. AWS Secrets Manager

Per ulteriori informazioni, consulta la procedura Non incorporare le credenziali nei modelli consigliata.

JSON

{
  "AWSTemplateFormatVersion" : "2010-09-09",

  "Description" : "AWS CloudFormation Sample Template LAMP_Single_Instance: Create a LAMP stack using a single EC2 instance and a local MySQL database for storage. This template demonstrates using the AWS CloudFormation bootstrap scripts to install the packages and files necessary to deploy the Apache web server, PHP and MySQL at instance launch time. **WARNING** This template creates an Amazon EC2 instance. You will be billed for the AWS resources used if you create a stack from this template.",

  "Parameters" : {

    "KeyName" : { ...  },

    "DBName": {
      "Default": "MyDatabase",
      "Description" : "MySQL database name",
      "Type": "String",
      "MinLength": "1",
      "MaxLength": "64",
      "AllowedPattern" : "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*",
      "ConstraintDescription" : "Must begin with a letter and contain only alphanumeric characters"
    },

    "DBUsername": {
      "NoEcho": "true",
      "Description" : "Username for MySQL database access",
      "Type": "String",
      "MinLength": "1",
      "MaxLength": "16",
      "AllowedPattern" : "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*",
      "ConstraintDescription" : "Must begin with a letter and contain only alphanumeric characters"
    },

    "DBPassword": {
      "NoEcho": "true",
      "Description" : "Password for MySQL database access",
      "Type": "String",
      "MinLength": "1",
      "MaxLength": "41",
      "AllowedPattern" : "[a-zA-Z0-9]*",
      "ConstraintDescription" : "Must contain only alphanumeric characters"
    },

    "DBRootPassword": {
      "NoEcho": "true",
      "Description" : "Root password for MySQL",
      "Type": "String",
      "MinLength": "1",
      "MaxLength": "41",
      "AllowedPattern" : "[a-zA-Z0-9]*",
      "ConstraintDescription" : "Must contain only alphanumeric characters"
    },

    "InstanceType" : { ...  }

  },

  "Mappings" : {
  ...
  },

  "Resources" : {
    "WebServerInstance": {
      "Type": "AWS::EC2::Instance",
      "Metadata" : {
        "Comment1" : "Configure the bootstrap helpers to install the Apache Web Server and PHP",
        "Comment2" : "Save website content to /var/www/html/index.php",

        "AWS::CloudFormation::Init" : {
          "configSets" : {
            "InstallAndRun" : [ "Install", "Configure" ]
          },

          "Install" : {
            "packages" : {
              "yum" : {
                "mysql"        : [],
                "mysql-server" : [],
                "mysql-libs"   : [],
                "httpd"        : [],
                "php"          : [],
                "php-mysql"    : []
              }
            },

            "files" : {
              "/var/www/html/index.php" : {
                "content" : { ... },
                "mode"  : "000600",
                "owner" : "apache",
                "group" : "apache"
              },
            "/tmp/setup.mysql" : {
                "content" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [
                  "CREATE DATABASE ", { "Ref" : "DBName" }, ";\n",
                  "GRANT ALL ON ", { "Ref" : "DBName" }, ".* TO '", { "Ref" : "DBUsername" }, "'@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '", { "Ref" : "DBPassword" }, "';\n"
                  ]]},
                "mode"  : "000400",
                "owner" : "root",
                "group" : "root"
              },
              "/etc/cfn/cfn-hup.conf" : {
                "content" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [
                  "[main]\n",
                  "stack=", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackId" }, "\n",
                  "region=", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n"
                ]]},
                "mode"    : "000400",
                "owner"   : "root",
                "group"   : "root"
              },

              "/etc/cfn/hooks.d/cfn-auto-reloader.conf" : {
                "content": { "Fn::Join" : ["", [
                  "[cfn-auto-reloader-hook]\n",
                  "triggers=post.update\n",
                  "path=Resources.WebServerInstance.Metadata.AWS::CloudFormation::Init\n",
                  "action=/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v ",
                  "         --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" },
                  "         --resource WebServerInstance ",
                  "         --configsets InstallAndRun ",
                  "         --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n",
                  "runas=root\n"
                ]]}
              }
            },
            },

            "services" : {
              "sysvinit" : {  
                "mysqld"  : { "enabled" : "true", "ensureRunning" : "true" },
                "httpd"   : { "enabled" : "true", "ensureRunning" : "true" },
                "cfn-hup" : { "enabled" : "true", "ensureRunning" : "true",
                              "files" : ["/etc/cfn/cfn-hup.conf", "/etc/cfn/hooks.d/cfn-auto-reloader.conf"]}
              }
            }
          },
          "Configure" : {
            "commands" : {
              "01_set_mysql_root_password" : {
                "command" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["mysqladmin -u root password '", { "Ref" : "DBRootPassword" }, "'"]]},
                "test" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["$(mysql ", { "Ref" : "DBUsername" }, " -u root --password='", { "Ref" : "DBRootPassword" }, "' >/dev/null 2>&1 </dev/null); (( $? != 0 ))"]]}
              },
              "02_create_database" : {
                "command" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["mysql -u root --password='", { "Ref" : "DBRootPassword" }, "' < /tmp/setup.mysql"]]},
                "test" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["$(mysql ", { "Ref" : "DBUsername" }, " -u root --password='", { "Ref" : "DBRootPassword" }, "' >/dev/null 2>&1 </dev/null); (( $? != 0 ))"]]}
              }
            }
          }
        }
      },
      "Properties": {
        "ImageId" : { "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "AWSRegionArch2AMI", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" },
                          { "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "AWSInstanceType2Arch", { "Ref" : "InstanceType" }, "Arch" ] } ] },
        "InstanceType"   : { "Ref" : "InstanceType" },
        "SecurityGroups" : [ {"Ref" : "WebServerSecurityGroup"} ],
        "KeyName"        : { "Ref" : "KeyName" },
        "UserData"       : { "Fn::Base64" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [
          "#!/bin/bash -xe\n",
          "yum install -y aws-cfn-bootstrap\n",
          
          "# Install the files and packages from the metadata\n",
          "/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init ",
          "         --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" },
          "         --resource WebServerInstance ",
          "         --configsets InstallAndRun ",
          "         --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n"
		]]}}
      }
    },

    "WebServerSecurityGroup" : { ... }
  },

  "Outputs" : { ... }
}

YAML

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: >-
  AWS CloudFormation Sample Template LAMP_Single_Instance: Create a LAMP stack
  using a single EC2 instance and a local MySQL database for storage. This
  template demonstrates using the AWS CloudFormation bootstrap scripts to
  install the packages and files necessary to deploy the Apache web server, PHP
  and MySQL at instance launch time. **WARNING** This template creates an Amazon
  EC2 instance. You will be billed for the AWS resources used if you create a
  stack from this template.
Parameters:
  DBName:
    Default: MyDatabase
    Description: MySQL database name
    Type: String
    MinLength: '1'
    MaxLength: '64'
    AllowedPattern: '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*'
    ConstraintDescription: Must begin with a letter and contain only alphanumeric characters
  DBUsername:
    NoEcho: 'true'
    Description: Username for MySQL database access
    Type: String
    MinLength: '1'
    MaxLength: '16'
    AllowedPattern: '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*'
    ConstraintDescription: Must begin with a letter and contain only alphanumeric characters
  DBPassword:
    NoEcho: 'true'
    Description: Password for MySQL database access
    Type: String
    MinLength: '1'
    MaxLength: '41'
    AllowedPattern: '[a-zA-Z0-9]*'
    ConstraintDescription: Must contain only alphanumeric characters
  DBRootPassword:
    NoEcho: 'true'
    Description: Root password for MySQL
    Type: String
    MinLength: '1'
    MaxLength: '41'
    AllowedPattern: '[a-zA-Z0-9]*'
    ConstraintDescription: Must contain only alphanumeric characters
  Resources:
    WebServerInstance:
      Type: 'AWS::EC2::Instance'
      Metadata:
        Comment1: >-
          Configure the bootstrap helpers to install the Apache Web Server and
          PHP
        Comment2: Save website content to /var/www/html/index.php
        'AWS::CloudFormation::Init':
          configSets:
            InstallAndRun:
              - Install
              - Configure
          Install:
            packages:
              yum:
                mysql: []
                mysql-server: []
                mysql-libs: []
                httpd: []
                php: []
                php-mysql: []
            files:
              /var/www/html/index.php:
                content:
                  ...: null
                mode: '000600'
                owner: apache
                group: apache
              /tmp/setup.mysql:
                content: !Join 
                  - ''
                  - - 'CREATE DATABASE '
                    - !Ref DBName
                    - |
                      ;
                    - 'GRANT ALL ON '
                    - !Ref DBName
                    - .* TO '
                    - !Ref DBUsername
                    - '''@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '''
                    - !Ref DBPassword
                    - |
                      ';
                mode: '000400'
                owner: root
                group: root
              /etc/cfn/cfn-hup.conf:
                content: !Join 
                  - ''
                  - - |
                      [main]
                    - stack=
                    - !Ref 'AWS::StackId'
                    - |+

                    - region=
                    - !Ref 'AWS::Region'
                    - |+

                mode: '000400'
                owner: root
                group: root
              /etc/cfn/hooks.d/cfn-auto-reloader.conf:
                content: !Join 
                  - ''
                  - - |
                      [cfn-auto-reloader-hook]
                    - |
                      triggers=post.update
                    - >
                      path=Resources.WebServerInstance.Metadata.AWS::CloudFormation::Init
                    - 'action=/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v '
                    - '         --stack '
                    - !Ref 'AWS::StackName'
                    - '         --resource WebServerInstance '
                    - '         --configsets InstallAndRun '
                    - '         --region '
                    - !Ref 'AWS::Region'
                    - |+

                    - |
                      runas=root
          services:
            sysvinit:
              mysqld:
                enabled: 'true'
                ensureRunning: 'true'
              httpd:
                enabled: 'true'
                ensureRunning: 'true'
              cfn-hup:
                enabled: 'true'
                ensureRunning: 'true'
                files:
                  - /etc/cfn/cfn-hup.conf
                  - /etc/cfn/hooks.d/cfn-auto-reloader.conf
        Configure:
          commands:
            01_set_mysql_root_password:
              command: !Join 
                - ''
                - - mysqladmin -u root password '
                  - !Ref DBRootPassword
                  - ''''
              test: !Join 
                - ''
                - - '$(mysql '
                  - !Ref DBUsername
                  - ' -u root --password='''
                  - !Ref DBRootPassword
                  - ''' >/dev/null 2>&1 </dev/null); (( $? != 0 ))'
            02_create_database:
              command: !Join 
                - ''
                - - mysql -u root --password='
                  - !Ref DBRootPassword
                  - ''' < /tmp/setup.mysql'
              test: !Join 
                - ''
                - - '$(mysql '
                  - !Ref DBUsername
                  - ' -u root --password='''
                  - !Ref DBRootPassword
                  - ''' >/dev/null 2>&1 </dev/null); (( $? != 0 ))'
    Properties:
      ImageId: !FindInMap 
        - AWSRegionArch2AMI
        - !Ref 'AWS::Region'
        - !FindInMap 
          - AWSInstanceType2Arch
          - !Ref InstanceType
          - Arch
      InstanceType: !Ref InstanceType
      SecurityGroups:
        - !Ref WebServerSecurityGroup
      KeyName: !Ref KeyName
      UserData: !Base64 
        'Fn::Join':
          - ''
          - - |
              #!/bin/bash -xe
            - |
              yum install -y aws-cfn-bootstrap
            - |
              # Install the files and packages from the metadata
            - '/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init '
            - '         --stack '
            - !Ref 'AWS::StackName'
            - '         --resource WebServerInstance '
            - '         --configsets InstallAndRun '
            - '         --region '
            - !Ref 'AWS::Region'
            - |+

  WebServerSecurityGroup:
    ...: 
Outputs:
  ...: ...

L'esempio aggiunge ulteriori parametri per ottenere le informazioni per la configurazione del database MySQL, ad esempio nome del database, nome utente, password e password root. I parametri contengono anche vincoli che catturano valori formattati in modo errato prima CloudFormation di creare lo stack.

Nella risorsa AWS::CloudFormation::Init, è stato aggiunto un file di configurazione MySQL che include il nome del database, il nome utente e la password. L'esempio aggiunge anche una proprietà services per assicurare che i servizi httpd e mysqld siano in esecuzione (ensureRunning impostato su true) e per garantire che i servizi vengano riavviati in caso di riavvio dell'istanza (enabled impostato su true). È buona norma includere anche lo script helper cfn-hup, con cui è possibile effettuare aggiornamenti di configurazione per le istanze in esecuzione aggiornando il modello di stack. Ad esempio, puoi modificare l'applicazione PHP di esempio ed eseguire un aggiornamento dello stack per distribuire la modifica.

Per eseguire i comandi di MySQL al termine dell'installazione, nell'esempio viene aggiunto un altro set di configurazione per eseguire i comandi. I set di configurazione sono utili quando si dispone di una serie di attività che devono essere eseguite in un ordine specifico. Nell'esempio viene prima eseguito il set di configurazione Install, quindi il set di configurazione Configure. Il set di configurazione Configure specifica la password root del database, dopodiché crea un database. Nella sezione dei comandi, i comandi vengono elaborati in ordine alfabetico per nome, perciò nell'esempio viene aggiunto un numero prima di ciascun nome di comando per indicare l'ordine di esecuzione desiderato.

CreationPolicy attributo

Infine, è necessario un modo per indicare di CloudFormation completare la creazione dello stack solo dopo che tutti i servizi (come Apache e MySQL) sono in esecuzione e non dopo che tutte le risorse dello stack sono state create. In altre parole, se si utilizza il modello della sezione precedente per avviare uno stack, CloudFormation imposta lo stato dello stack come CREATE_COMPLETE dopo che ha creato correttamente tutte le risorse. Tuttavia, se uno o più servizi non vengono avviati, imposta CloudFormation comunque lo stato dello stack su. CREATE_COMPLETE Per impedire che lo stato venga modificato in CREATE_COMPLETE fino a quando l'avvio di tutti i servizi non ha avuto esito positivo, puoi aggiungere un attributo Attributo CreationPolicy all'istanza. Questo attributo imposta lo stato dell'istanza CREATE_IN_PROGRESS fino a quando non CloudFormation riceve il numero richiesto di segnali di successo o fino al superamento del periodo di timeout, in modo da poter controllare quando l'istanza è stata creata correttamente.

Nell'esempio seguente viene aggiunta una policy di creazione all'istanza Amazon EC2 per assicurare che cfn-init completi l'installazione e la configurazione di LAMP prima del termine della creazione dello stack. Oltre alla politica di creazione, l'esempio deve eseguire lo script di cfn-signal supporto per segnalare CloudFormation quando tutte le applicazioni sono installate e configurate.

JSON

{
  "AWSTemplateFormatVersion" : "2010-09-09",

  "Description" : "AWS CloudFormation Sample Template LAMP_Single_Instance: ...",

  "Parameters" : { ... },

  "Mappings" : { ... },

  "Resources" : {
    "WebServerInstance": {
      "Type": "AWS::EC2::Instance",
      "Metadata" : { ... },
      "Properties": {
        "ImageId" : { "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "AWSRegionArch2AMI", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" },
                          { "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "AWSInstanceType2Arch", { "Ref" : "InstanceType" }, "Arch" ] } ] },
        "InstanceType"   : { "Ref" : "InstanceType" },
        "SecurityGroups" : [ {"Ref" : "WebServerSecurityGroup"} ],
        "KeyName"        : { "Ref" : "KeyName" },
        "UserData"       : { "Fn::Base64" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [
             "#!/bin/bash -xe\n",
             "yum update aws-cfn-bootstrap\n",

             "# Install the files and packages from the metadata\n",
             "/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init ",
             "         --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" },
             "         --resource WebServerInstance ",
             "         --configsets InstallAndRun ",
             "         --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n",

             "# Signal the status from cfn-init\n",
             "/opt/aws/bin/cfn-signal -e $? ",
             "         --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" },
             "         --resource WebServerInstance ",
             "         --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n"
        ]]}}        
      },
      "CreationPolicy" : {
        "ResourceSignal" : {
          "Timeout" : "PT5M"
        }
      }
    },

    "WebServerSecurityGroup" : { ...
    }
  },

  "Outputs" : {
    "WebsiteURL" : { ...
    }
  }
}

YAML

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: 'AWS CloudFormation Sample Template LAMP_Single_Instance: ...'
Resources:
  WebServerInstance:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::Instance'
    Properties:
      ImageId: !FindInMap 
        - AWSRegionArch2AMI
        - !Ref 'AWS::Region'
        - !FindInMap 
          - AWSInstanceType2Arch
          - !Ref InstanceType
          - Arch
      InstanceType: !Ref InstanceType
      SecurityGroups:
        - !Ref WebServerSecurityGroup
      KeyName: !Ref KeyName
      UserData: !Base64 
        'Fn::Join':
          - ''
          - - |
              #!/bin/bash -xe
            - |
              yum update aws-cfn-bootstrap
            - |
              # Install the files and packages from the metadata
            - '/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init '
            - '         --stack '
            - !Ref 'AWS::StackName'
            - '         --resource WebServerInstance '
            - '         --configsets InstallAndRun '
            - '         --region '
            - !Ref 'AWS::Region'
            - |+

            - |
              # Signal the status from cfn-init
            - '/opt/aws/bin/cfn-signal -e $? '
            - '         --stack '
            - !Ref 'AWS::StackName'
            - "\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ --resource WebServerInstance "
            - '         --region '
            - !Ref 'AWS::Region'
            - |+

    CreationPolicy:
      ResourceSignal:
        Timeout: PT5M
  WebServerSecurityGroup:
    ...: ...

L'attributo della policy di creazione utilizza il formato ISO 8601 per definire un periodo di timeout di 5 minuti. Inoltre, dal momento che si attende la configurazione di 1 sola istanza, sarà necessario aspettare di ricevere un solo segnale di successo, che è il numero predefinito.

Nella proprietà UserData, il modello esegue lo script cfn-signal per inviare un segnale di successo con un codice di uscita in caso di esito positivo della configurazione e dell'avvio di tutti i servizi. Quando utilizzi lo script cfn-signal, devi includere l'ID dello stack o il nome e l'ID logico della risorsa che desideri segnalare. Se la configurazione ha esito negativo, cfn-signal invia un segnale di errore che impedisce la creazione della risorsa. La creazione della risorsa fallisce anche se CloudFormation non riceve un segnale di successo entro il periodo di timeout.

L'esempio seguente mostra il modello finale completo.

Puoi anche visualizzare il modello nella seguente posizione: lamp_single_instance.Template per us-east-1. Regione AWS

JSON

{
  "AWSTemplateFormatVersion" : "2010-09-09",
  
  "Description" : "AWS CloudFormation Sample Template LAMP_Single_Instance: Create a LAMP stack using a single EC2 instance and a local MySQL database for storage. This template demonstrates using the AWS CloudFormation bootstrap scripts to install the packages and files necessary to deploy the Apache web server, PHP and MySQL at instance launch time. **WARNING** This template creates an Amazon EC2 instance. You will be billed for the AWS resources used if you create a stack from this template.",
  
  "Parameters" : {
      
    "KeyName": {
      "Description" : "Name of an existing EC2 KeyPair to enable SSH access to the instance",
      "Type": "AWS::EC2::KeyPair::KeyName",
      "ConstraintDescription" : "Can contain only ASCII characters."
    },    

    "DBName": {
      "Default": "MyDatabase",
      "Description" : "MySQL database name",
      "Type": "String",
      "MinLength": "1",
      "MaxLength": "64",
      "AllowedPattern" : "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*",
      "ConstraintDescription" : "Must begin with a letter and contain only alphanumeric characters"
    },

    "DBUsername": {
      "NoEcho": "true",
      "Description" : "User name for MySQL database access",
      "Type": "String",
      "MinLength": "1",
      "MaxLength": "16",
      "AllowedPattern" : "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*",
      "ConstraintDescription" : "Must begin with a letter and contain only alphanumeric characters"
    },

    "DBPassword": {
      "NoEcho": "true",
      "Description" : "Password for MySQL database access",
      "Type": "String",
      "MinLength": "1",
      "MaxLength": "41",
      "AllowedPattern" : "[a-zA-Z0-9]*",
      "ConstraintDescription" : "Must contain only alphanumeric characters"
    },

    "DBRootPassword": {
      "NoEcho": "true",
      "Description" : "Root password for MySQL",
      "Type": "String",
      "MinLength": "1",
      "MaxLength": "41",
      "AllowedPattern" : "[a-zA-Z0-9]*",
      "ConstraintDescription" : "Must contain only alphanumeric characters"
    },

    "InstanceType" : {
      "Description" : "WebServer EC2 instance type",
      "Type" : "String",
      "Default" : "t2.small",
      "AllowedValues" : [ 
        "t1.micro", 
        "t2.nano", 
        "t2.micro", 
        "t2.small", 
        "t2.medium", 
        "t2.large", 
        "m1.small", 
        "m1.medium", 
        "m1.large", 
        "m1.xlarge", 
        "m2.xlarge", 
        "m2.2xlarge", 
        "m2.4xlarge", 
        "m3.medium", 
        "m3.large", 
        "m3.xlarge", 
        "m3.2xlarge", 
        "m4.large", 
        "m4.xlarge", 
        "m4.2xlarge", 
        "m4.4xlarge", 
        "m4.10xlarge", 
        "c1.medium", 
        "c1.xlarge", 
        "c3.large", 
        "c3.xlarge", 
        "c3.2xlarge", 
        "c3.4xlarge", 
        "c3.8xlarge", 
        "c4.large", 
        "c4.xlarge", 
        "c4.2xlarge", 
        "c4.4xlarge", 
        "c4.8xlarge", 
        "g2.2xlarge", 
        "g2.8xlarge", 
        "r3.large", 
        "r3.xlarge", 
        "r3.2xlarge", 
        "r3.4xlarge", 
        "r3.8xlarge", 
        "i2.xlarge", 
        "i2.2xlarge", 
        "i2.4xlarge", 
        "i2.8xlarge", 
        "d2.xlarge", 
        "d2.2xlarge", 
        "d2.4xlarge", 
        "d2.8xlarge", 
        "hi1.4xlarge", 
        "hs1.8xlarge", 
        "cr1.8xlarge", 
        "cc2.8xlarge", 
        "cg1.4xlarge"
      ],
      "ConstraintDescription" : "must be a valid EC2 instance type."
    },
    "SSHLocation" : {
      "Description" : "The IP address range that can be used to SSH to the EC2 instances",
      "Type": "String",
      "MinLength": "9",
      "MaxLength": "18",
      "Default": "0.0.0.0/0",
      "AllowedPattern": "(\\d{1,3})\\.(\\d{1,3})\\.(\\d{1,3})\\.(\\d{1,3})/(\\d{1,2})",
      "ConstraintDescription": "Must be a valid IP CIDR range of the form x.x.x.x/x"
    } 
  },
  
  "Mappings" : {
    "AWSInstanceType2Arch" : {
      "t1.micro"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "t2.nano"     : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "t2.micro"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "t2.small"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "t2.medium"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "t2.large"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m1.small"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m1.medium"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m1.large"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m1.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m2.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m2.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m2.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m3.medium"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m3.large"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m3.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m3.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m4.large"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m4.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m4.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m4.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m4.10xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c1.medium"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c1.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c3.large"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c3.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c3.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c3.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c3.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c4.large"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c4.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c4.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c4.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c4.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "g2.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVMG2"  },
      "g2.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVMG2"  },
      "r3.large"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "r3.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "r3.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "r3.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "r3.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "i2.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "i2.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "i2.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "i2.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "d2.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "d2.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "d2.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "d2.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "hi1.4xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "hs1.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "cr1.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "cc2.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  }
    },
    "AWSRegionArch2AMI" : {
      "us-east-1"        : {"HVM64" : "ami-0ff8a91507f77f867", "HVMG2" : "ami-0a584ac55a7631c0c"},
      "us-west-2"        : {"HVM64" : "ami-a0cfeed8", "HVMG2" : "ami-0e09505bc235aa82d"},
      "us-west-1"        : {"HVM64" : "ami-0bdb828fd58c52235", "HVMG2" : "ami-066ee5fd4a9ef77f1"},
      "eu-west-1"        : {"HVM64" : "ami-047bb4163c506cd98", "HVMG2" : "ami-0a7c483d527806435"},
      "eu-west-2"        : {"HVM64" : "ami-f976839e", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "eu-west-3"        : {"HVM64" : "ami-0ebc281c20e89ba4b", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "eu-central-1"     : {"HVM64" : "ami-0233214e13e500f77", "HVMG2" : "ami-06223d46a6d0661c7"},
      "ap-northeast-1"   : {"HVM64" : "ami-06cd52961ce9f0d85", "HVMG2" : "ami-053cdd503598e4a9d"},
      "ap-northeast-2"   : {"HVM64" : "ami-0a10b2721688ce9d2", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "ap-northeast-3"   : {"HVM64" : "ami-0d98120a9fb693f07", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "ap-southeast-1"   : {"HVM64" : "ami-08569b978cc4dfa10", "HVMG2" : "ami-0be9df32ae9f92309"},
      "ap-southeast-2"   : {"HVM64" : "ami-09b42976632b27e9b", "HVMG2" : "ami-0a9ce9fecc3d1daf8"},
      "ap-south-1"       : {"HVM64" : "ami-0912f71e06545ad88", "HVMG2" : "ami-097b15e89dbdcfcf4"},
      "us-east-2"        : {"HVM64" : "ami-0b59bfac6be064b78", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "ca-central-1"     : {"HVM64" : "ami-0b18956f", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "sa-east-1"        : {"HVM64" : "ami-07b14488da8ea02a0", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "cn-north-1"       : {"HVM64" : "ami-0a4eaf6c4454eda75", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "cn-northwest-1"   : {"HVM64" : "ami-6b6a7d09", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"}
    }

  },
    
  "Resources" : {     
      
    "WebServerInstance": {  
      "Type": "AWS::EC2::Instance",
      "Metadata" : {
        "AWS::CloudFormation::Init" : {
          "configSets" : {
            "InstallAndRun" : [ "Install", "Configure" ]
          },

          "Install" : {
            "packages" : {
              "yum" : {
                "mysql"        : [],
                "mysql-server" : [],
                "mysql-libs"   : [],
                "httpd"        : [],
                "php"          : [],
                "php-mysql"    : []
              }
            },

            "files" : {
              "/var/www/html/index.php" : {
                "content" : { "Fn::Join" : [ "", [
                  "<html>\n",
                  "  <head>\n",
                  "    <title>AWS CloudFormation PHP Sample</title>\n",
                  "    <meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1\">\n",
                  "  </head>\n",
                  "  <body>\n",
                  "    <h1>Welcome to the AWS CloudFormation PHP Sample</h1>\n",
                  "    <p/>\n",
                  "    <?php\n",
                  "      // Print out the current data and time\n",
                  "      print \"The Current Date and Time is: <br/>\";\n",
                  "      print date(\"g:i A l, F j Y.\");\n",
                  "    ?>\n",
                  "    <p/>\n",
                  "    <?php\n",
                  "      // Setup a handle for CURL\n",
                  "      $curl_handle=curl_init();\n",
                  "      curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT,2);\n",
                  "      curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);\n",
                  "      // Get the hostname of the intance from the instance metadata\n",
                  "      curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_URL,'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-hostname');\n",
                  "      $hostname = curl_exec($curl_handle);\n",
                  "      if (empty($hostname))\n",
                  "      {\n",
                  "        print \"Sorry, for some reason, we got no hostname back <br />\";\n",
                  "      }\n",
                  "      else\n",
                  "      {\n",
                  "        print \"Server = \" . $hostname . \"<br />\";\n",
                  "      }\n",
                  "      // Get the instance-id of the intance from the instance metadata\n",
                  "      curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_URL,'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-id');\n",
                  "      $instanceid = curl_exec($curl_handle);\n",
                  "      if (empty($instanceid))\n",
                  "      {\n",
                  "        print \"Sorry, for some reason, we got no instance id back <br />\";\n",
                  "      }\n",
                  "      else\n",
                  "      {\n",
                  "        print \"EC2 instance-id = \" . $instanceid . \"<br />\";\n",
                  "      }\n",
                  "      $Database   = \"", {"Ref" : "DBName"}, "\";\n",
                  "      $DBUser     = \"", {"Ref" : "DBUsername"}, "\";\n",
                  "      $DBPassword = \"", {"Ref" : "DBPassword"}, "\";\n",
                  "      print \"Database = \" . $Database . \"<br />\";\n",
                  "      $dbconnection = mysql_connect('localhost', $DBUser, $DBPassword, $Database)\n",
                  "                      or die(\"Could not connect: \" . mysql_error());\n",
                  "      print (\"Connected to $Database successfully\");\n",
                  "      mysql_close($dbconnection);\n",
                  "    ?>\n",
                  "    <h2>PHP Information</h2>\n",
                  "    <p/>\n",
                  "    <?php\n",
                  "      phpinfo();\n",
                  "    ?>\n",
                  "  </body>\n",
                  "</html>\n"
                ]]},
                "mode"  : "000600",
                "owner" : "apache",
                "group" : "apache"
              },
              "/tmp/setup.mysql" : {
                "content" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [
                  "CREATE DATABASE ", { "Ref" : "DBName" }, ";\n",
                  "GRANT ALL ON ", { "Ref" : "DBName" }, ".* TO '", { "Ref" : "DBUsername" }, "'@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '", { "Ref" : "DBPassword" }, "';\n"
                  ]]},
                "mode"  : "000400",
                "owner" : "root",
                "group" : "root"
              },
              "/etc/cfn/cfn-hup.conf" : {
                "content" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [
                  "[main]\n",
                  "stack=", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackId" }, "\n",
                  "region=", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n"
                ]]},
                "mode"    : "000400",
                "owner"   : "root",
                "group"   : "root"
              },

              "/etc/cfn/hooks.d/cfn-auto-reloader.conf" : {
                "content": { "Fn::Join" : ["", [
                  "[cfn-auto-reloader-hook]\n",
                  "triggers=post.update\n",
                  "path=Resources.WebServerInstance.Metadata.AWS::CloudFormation::Init\n",
                  "action=/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v ",
                  "         --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" },
                  "         --resource WebServerInstance ",
                  "         --configsets InstallAndRun ",
                  "         --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n",
                  "runas=root\n"
                ]]}
              }
            },

            "services" : {
              "sysvinit" : {  
                "mysqld"  : { "enabled" : "true", "ensureRunning" : "true" },
                "httpd"   : { "enabled" : "true", "ensureRunning" : "true" },
                "cfn-hup" : { "enabled" : "true", "ensureRunning" : "true",
                              "files" : ["/etc/cfn/cfn-hup.conf", "/etc/cfn/hooks.d/cfn-auto-reloader.conf"]}
              }
            }
          },

          "Configure" : {
            "commands" : {
              "01_set_mysql_root_password" : {
                "command" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["mysqladmin -u root password '", { "Ref" : "DBRootPassword" }, "'"]]},
                "test" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["$(mysql ", { "Ref" : "DBUsername" }, " -u root --password='", { "Ref" : "DBRootPassword" }, "' >/dev/null 2>&1 </dev/null); (( $? != 0 ))"]]}
              },
              "02_create_database" : {
                "command" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["mysql -u root --password='", { "Ref" : "DBRootPassword" }, "' < /tmp/setup.mysql"]]},
                "test" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["$(mysql ", { "Ref" : "DBUsername" }, " -u root --password='", { "Ref" : "DBRootPassword" }, "' >/dev/null 2>&1 </dev/null); (( $? != 0 ))"]]}
              }
            }
          }
        }
      },
      "Properties": {
        "ImageId" : { "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "AWSRegionArch2AMI", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" },
                          { "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "AWSInstanceType2Arch", { "Ref" : "InstanceType" }, "Arch" ] } ] },
        "InstanceType"   : { "Ref" : "InstanceType" },
        "SecurityGroups" : [ {"Ref" : "WebServerSecurityGroup"} ],
        "KeyName"        : { "Ref" : "KeyName" },
        "UserData"       : { "Fn::Base64" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [
             "#!/bin/bash -xe\n",
             "yum install -y aws-cfn-bootstrap\n",

             "# Install the files and packages from the metadata\n",
             "/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v ",
             "         --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" },
             "         --resource WebServerInstance ",
             "         --configsets InstallAndRun ",
             "         --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n",

             "# Signal the status from cfn-init\n",
             "/opt/aws/bin/cfn-signal -e $? ",
             "         --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" },
             "         --resource WebServerInstance ",
             "         --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n"
        ]]}}        
      },
      "CreationPolicy" : {
        "ResourceSignal" : {
          "Timeout" : "PT5M"
        }
      }
    },
    
    "WebServerSecurityGroup" : {
      "Type" : "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup",
      "Properties" : {
        "GroupDescription" : "Enable HTTP access via port 80",
        "SecurityGroupIngress" : [
          {"IpProtocol" : "tcp", "FromPort" : "80", "ToPort" : "80", "CidrIp" : "0.0.0.0/0"},
          {"IpProtocol" : "tcp", "FromPort" : "22", "ToPort" : "22", "CidrIp" : { "Ref" : "SSHLocation"}}
        ]
      }      
    }          
  },
  
  "Outputs" : {
    "WebsiteURL" : {
      "Description" : "URL for newly created LAMP stack",
      "Value" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["http://", { "Fn::GetAtt" : [ "WebServerInstance", "PublicDnsName" ]}]] }
    }
  }
}

YAML

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: >-
  AWS CloudFormation Sample Template LAMP_Single_Instance: Create a LAMP stack
  using a single EC2 instance and a local MySQL database for storage. This
  template demonstrates using the AWS CloudFormation bootstrap scripts to
  install the packages and files necessary to deploy the Apache web server, PHP
  and MySQL at instance launch time. **WARNING** This template creates an Amazon
  EC2 instance. You will be billed for the AWS resources used if you create a
  stack from this template.
Parameters:
  KeyName:
    Description: Name of an existing EC2 KeyPair to enable SSH access to the instance
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::KeyPair::KeyName'
    ConstraintDescription: must be the name of an existing EC2 KeyPair.
  DBName:
    Default: MyDatabase
    Description: MySQL database name
    Type: String
    MinLength: '1'
    MaxLength: '64'
    AllowedPattern: '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*'
    ConstraintDescription: must begin with a letter and contain only alphanumeric characters.
  DBUser:
    NoEcho: 'true'
    Description: Username for MySQL database access
    Type: String
    MinLength: '1'
    MaxLength: '16'
    AllowedPattern: '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*'
    ConstraintDescription: must begin with a letter and contain only alphanumeric characters.
  DBPassword:
    NoEcho: 'true'
    Description: Password for MySQL database access
    Type: String
    MinLength: '1'
    MaxLength: '41'
    AllowedPattern: '[a-zA-Z0-9]*'
    ConstraintDescription: must contain only alphanumeric characters.
  DBRootPassword:
    NoEcho: 'true'
    Description: Root password for MySQL
    Type: String
    MinLength: '1'
    MaxLength: '41'
    AllowedPattern: '[a-zA-Z0-9]*'
    ConstraintDescription: must contain only alphanumeric characters.
  InstanceType:
    Description: WebServer EC2 instance type
    Type: String
    Default: t2.small
    AllowedValues:
      - t1.micro
      - t2.nano
      - t2.micro
      - t2.small
      - t2.medium
      - t2.large
      - m1.small
      - m1.medium
      - m1.large
      - m1.xlarge
      - m2.xlarge
      - m2.2xlarge
      - m2.4xlarge
      - m3.medium
      - m3.large
      - m3.xlarge
      - m3.2xlarge
      - m4.large
      - m4.xlarge
      - m4.2xlarge
      - m4.4xlarge
      - m4.10xlarge
      - c1.medium
      - c1.xlarge
      - c3.large
      - c3.xlarge
      - c3.2xlarge
      - c3.4xlarge
      - c3.8xlarge
      - c4.large
      - c4.xlarge
      - c4.2xlarge
      - c4.4xlarge
      - c4.8xlarge
      - g2.2xlarge
      - g2.8xlarge
      - r3.large
      - r3.xlarge
      - r3.2xlarge
      - r3.4xlarge
      - r3.8xlarge
      - i2.xlarge
      - i2.2xlarge
      - i2.4xlarge
      - i2.8xlarge
      - d2.xlarge
      - d2.2xlarge
      - d2.4xlarge
      - d2.8xlarge
      - hi1.4xlarge
      - hs1.8xlarge
      - cr1.8xlarge
      - cc2.8xlarge
      - cg1.4xlarge
    ConstraintDescription: must be a valid EC2 instance type.
  SSHLocation:
    Description: ' The IP address range that can be used to SSH to the EC2 instances'
    Type: String
    MinLength: '9'
    MaxLength: '18'
    Default: 0.0.0.0/0
    AllowedPattern: '(\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3})/(\d{1,2})'
    ConstraintDescription: must be a valid IP CIDR range of the form x.x.x.x/x.
Mappings:
  AWSInstanceType2Arch:
    t1.micro:
      Arch: HVM64
    t2.nano:
      Arch: HVM64
    t2.micro:
      Arch: HVM64
    t2.small:
      Arch: HVM64
    t2.medium:
      Arch: HVM64
    t2.large:
      Arch: HVM64
    m1.small:
      Arch: HVM64
    m1.medium:
      Arch: HVM64
    m1.large:
      Arch: HVM64
    m1.xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    m2.xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    m2.2xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    m2.4xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    m3.medium:
      Arch: HVM64
    m3.large:
      Arch: HVM64
    m3.xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    m3.2xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    m4.large:
      Arch: HVM64
    m4.xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    m4.2xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    m4.4xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    m4.10xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    c1.medium:
      Arch: HVM64
    c1.xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    c3.large:
      Arch: HVM64
    c3.xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    c3.2xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    c3.4xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    c3.8xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    c4.large:
      Arch: HVM64
    c4.xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    c4.2xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    c4.4xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    c4.8xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    g2.2xlarge:
      Arch: HVMG2
    g2.8xlarge:
      Arch: HVMG2
    r3.large:
      Arch: HVM64
    r3.xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    r3.2xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    r3.4xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    r3.8xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    i2.xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    i2.2xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    i2.4xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    i2.8xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    d2.xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    d2.2xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    d2.4xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    d2.8xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    hi1.4xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    hs1.8xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    cr1.8xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
    cc2.8xlarge:
      Arch: HVM64
  AWSInstanceType2NATArch:
    t1.micro:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    t2.nano:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    t2.micro:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    t2.small:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    t2.medium:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    t2.large:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    m1.small:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    m1.medium:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    m1.large:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    m1.xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    m2.xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    m2.2xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    m2.4xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    m3.medium:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    m3.large:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    m3.xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    m3.2xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    m4.large:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    m4.xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    m4.2xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    m4.4xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    m4.10xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    c1.medium:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    c1.xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    c3.large:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    c3.xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    c3.2xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    c3.4xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    c3.8xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    c4.large:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    c4.xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    c4.2xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    c4.4xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    c4.8xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    g2.2xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVMG2
    g2.8xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVMG2
    r3.large:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    r3.xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    r3.2xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    r3.4xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    r3.8xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    i2.xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    i2.2xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    i2.4xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    i2.8xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    d2.xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    d2.2xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    d2.4xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    d2.8xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    hi1.4xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    hs1.8xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    cr1.8xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
    cc2.8xlarge:
      Arch: NATHVM64
  AWSRegionArch2AMI:
    af-south-1:
      HVM64: ami-064cc455f8a1ef504
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    ap-east-1:
      HVM64: ami-f85b1989
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    ap-northeast-1:
      HVM64: ami-0b2c2a754d5b4da22
      HVMG2: ami-09d0e0e099ecabba2
    ap-northeast-2:
      HVM64: ami-0493ab99920f410fc
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    ap-northeast-3:
      HVM64: ami-01344f6f63a4decc1
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    ap-south-1:
      HVM64: ami-03cfb5e1fb4fac428
      HVMG2: ami-0244c1d42815af84a
    ap-southeast-1:
      HVM64: ami-0ba35dc9caf73d1c7
      HVMG2: ami-0e46ce0d6a87dc979
    ap-southeast-2:
      HVM64: ami-0ae99b503e8694028
      HVMG2: ami-0c0ab057a101d8ff2
    ca-central-1:
      HVM64: ami-0803e21a2ec22f953
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    cn-north-1:
      HVM64: ami-07a3f215cc90c889c
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    cn-northwest-1:
      HVM64: ami-0a3b3b10f714a0ff4
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    eu-central-1:
      HVM64: ami-0474863011a7d1541
      HVMG2: ami-0aa1822e3eb913a11
    eu-north-1:
      HVM64: ami-0de4b8910494dba0f
      HVMG2: ami-32d55b4c
    eu-south-1:
      HVM64: ami-08427144fe9ebdef6
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    eu-west-1:
      HVM64: ami-015232c01a82b847b
      HVMG2: ami-0d5299b1c6112c3c7
    eu-west-2:
      HVM64: ami-0765d48d7e15beb93
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    eu-west-3:
      HVM64: ami-0caf07637eda19d9c
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    me-south-1:
      HVM64: ami-0744743d80915b497
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    sa-east-1:
      HVM64: ami-0a52e8a6018e92bb0
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    us-east-1:
      HVM64: ami-032930428bf1abbff
      HVMG2: ami-0aeb704d503081ea6
    us-east-2:
      HVM64: ami-027cab9a7bf0155df
      HVMG2: NOT_SUPPORTED
    us-west-1:
      HVM64: ami-088c153f74339f34c
      HVMG2: ami-0a7fc72dc0e51aa77
    us-west-2:
      HVM64: ami-01fee56b22f308154
      HVMG2: ami-0fe84a5b4563d8f27
Resources:
  WebServerInstance:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::Instance'
    Metadata:
      'AWS::CloudFormation::Init':
        configSets:
          InstallAndRun:
            - Install
            - Configure
        Install:
          packages:
            yum:
              mysql: []
              mysql-server: []
              mysql-libs: []
              httpd: []
              php: []
              php-mysql: []
          files:
            /var/www/html/index.php:
              content: !Join 
                - ''
                - - |
                    <html>
                  - |2
                      <head>
                  - |2
                        <title>AWS CloudFormation PHP Sample</title>
                  - |2
                        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
                  - |2
                      </head>
                  - |2
                      <body>
                  - |2
                        <h1>Welcome to the AWS CloudFormation PHP Sample</h1>
                  - |2
                        <p/>
                  - |2
                        <?php
                  - |2
                          // Print out the current data and time
                  - |2
                          print "The Current Date and Time is: <br/>";
                  - |2
                          print date("g:i A l, F j Y.");
                  - |2
                        ?>
                  - |2
                        <p/>
                  - |2
                        <?php
                  - |2
                          // Setup a handle for CURL
                  - |2
                          $curl_handle=curl_init();
                  - |2
                          curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT,2);
                  - |2
                          curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);
                  - |2
                          // Get the hostname of the intance from the instance metadata
                  - |2
                          curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_URL,'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-hostname');
                  - |2
                          $hostname = curl_exec($curl_handle);
                  - |2
                          if (empty($hostname))
                  - |2
                          {
                  - |2
                            print "Sorry, for some reason, we got no hostname back <br />";
                  - |2
                          }
                  - |2
                          else
                  - |2
                          {
                  - |2
                            print "Server = " . $hostname . "<br />";
                  - |2
                          }
                  - |2
                          // Get the instance-id of the intance from the instance metadata
                  - |2
                          curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_URL,'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-id');
                  - |2
                          $instanceid = curl_exec($curl_handle);
                  - |2
                          if (empty($instanceid))
                  - |2
                          {
                  - |2
                            print "Sorry, for some reason, we got no instance id back <br />";
                  - |2
                          }
                  - |2
                          else
                  - |2
                          {
                  - |2
                            print "EC2 instance-id = " . $instanceid . "<br />";
                  - |2
                          }
                  - |2
                          $Database   = "localhost";
                  - '      $DBUser     = "'
                  - !Ref DBUser
                  - |
                    ";
                  - '      $DBPassword = "'
                  - !Ref DBPassword
                  - |
                    ";
                  - |2
                          print "Database = " . $Database . "<br />";
                  - |2
                          $dbconnection = mysql_connect($Database, $DBUser, $DBPassword)
                  - |2
                                          or die("Could not connect: " . mysql_error());
                  - |2
                          print ("Connected to $Database successfully");
                  - |2
                          mysql_close($dbconnection);
                  - |2
                        ?>
                  - |2
                        <h2>PHP Information</h2>
                  - |2
                        <p/>
                  - |2
                        <?php
                  - |2
                          phpinfo();
                  - |2
                        ?>
                  - |2
                      </body>
                  - |
                    </html>
              mode: '000600'
              owner: apache
              group: apache
            /tmp/setup.mysql:
              content: !Join 
                - ''
                - - 'CREATE DATABASE '
                  - !Ref DBName
                  - |
                    ;
                  - 'GRANT ALL ON '
                  - !Ref DBName
                  - .* TO '
                  - !Ref DBUser
                  - '''@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '''
                  - !Ref DBPassword
                  - |
                    ';
              mode: '000400'
              owner: root
              group: root
            /etc/cfn/cfn-hup.conf:
              content: !Join 
                - ''
                - - |
                    [main]
                  - stack=
                  - !Ref 'AWS::StackId'
                  - |+

                  - region=
                  - !Ref 'AWS::Region'
                  - |+

              mode: '000400'
              owner: root
              group: root
            /etc/cfn/hooks.d/cfn-auto-reloader.conf:
              content: !Join 
                - ''
                - - |
                    [cfn-auto-reloader-hook]
                  - |
                    triggers=post.update
                  - >
                    path=Resources.WebServerInstance.Metadata.AWS::CloudFormation::Init
                  - 'action=/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v '
                  - '         --stack '
                  - !Ref 'AWS::StackName'
                  - '         --resource WebServerInstance '
                  - '         --configsets InstallAndRun '
                  - '         --region '
                  - !Ref 'AWS::Region'
                  - |+

                  - |
                    runas=root
              mode: '000400'
              owner: root
              group: root
          services:
            sysvinit:
              mysqld:
                enabled: 'true'
                ensureRunning: 'true'
              httpd:
                enabled: 'true'
                ensureRunning: 'true'
              cfn-hup:
                enabled: 'true'
                ensureRunning: 'true'
                files:
                  - /etc/cfn/cfn-hup.conf
                  - /etc/cfn/hooks.d/cfn-auto-reloader.conf
        Configure:
          commands:
            01_set_mysql_root_password:
              command: !Join 
                - ''
                - - mysqladmin -u root password '
                  - !Ref DBRootPassword
                  - ''''
              test: !Join 
                - ''
                - - '$(mysql '
                  - !Ref DBName
                  - ' -u root --password='''
                  - !Ref DBRootPassword
                  - ''' >/dev/null 2>&1 </dev/null); (( $? != 0 ))'
            02_create_database:
              command: !Join 
                - ''
                - - mysql -u root --password='
                  - !Ref DBRootPassword
                  - ''' < /tmp/setup.mysql'
              test: !Join 
                - ''
                - - '$(mysql '
                  - !Ref DBName
                  - ' -u root --password='''
                  - !Ref DBRootPassword
                  - ''' >/dev/null 2>&1 </dev/null); (( $? != 0 ))'
    Properties:
      ImageId: !FindInMap 
        - AWSRegionArch2AMI
        - !Ref 'AWS::Region'
        - !FindInMap 
          - AWSInstanceType2Arch
          - !Ref InstanceType
          - Arch
      InstanceType: !Ref InstanceType
      SecurityGroups:
        - !Ref WebServerSecurityGroup
      KeyName: !Ref KeyName
      UserData: !Base64 
        'Fn::Join':
          - ''
          - - |
              #!/bin/bash -xe
            - |
              yum update -y aws-cfn-bootstrap
            - |
              # Install the files and packages from the metadata
            - '/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v '
            - '         --stack '
            - !Ref 'AWS::StackName'
            - '         --resource WebServerInstance '
            - '         --configsets InstallAndRun '
            - '         --region '
            - !Ref 'AWS::Region'
            - |+

            - |
              # Signal the status from cfn-init
            - '/opt/aws/bin/cfn-signal -e $? '
            - '         --stack '
            - !Ref 'AWS::StackName'
            - '         --resource WebServerInstance '
            - '         --region '
            - !Ref 'AWS::Region'
            - |+

    CreationPolicy:
      ResourceSignal:
        Timeout: PT5M
  WebServerSecurityGroup:
    Type: 'AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup'
    Properties:
      GroupDescription: Enable HTTP access via port 80
      SecurityGroupIngress:
        - IpProtocol: tcp
          FromPort: '80'
          ToPort: '80'
          CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0
        - IpProtocol: tcp
          FromPort: '22'
          ToPort: '22'
          CidrIp: !Ref SSHLocation
Outputs:
  WebsiteURL:
    Description: URL for newly created LAMP stack
    Value: !Join 
      - ''
      - - 'http://'
        - !GetAtt 
          - WebServerInstance
          - PublicDnsName