AWS IoT esempi che utilizzano SDK for Java 2.x

I seguenti esempi di codice mostrano come eseguire azioni e implementare scenari comuni utilizzando AWS SDK for Java 2.x with AWS IoT.

Le operazioni sono estratti di codice da programmi più grandi e devono essere eseguite nel contesto. Sebbene le operazioni mostrino come richiamare le singole funzioni del servizio, è possibile visualizzarle contestualizzate negli scenari correlati e negli esempi tra servizi.

Scenari: esempi di codice che mostrano come eseguire un'attività specifica richiamando più funzioni all'interno dello stesso servizio.

Ogni esempio include un collegamento a GitHub, dove è possibile trovare istruzioni su come configurare ed eseguire il codice nel contesto.

Nozioni di base

Salve AWS IoT

L'esempio di codice seguente mostra come iniziare a utilizzare AWS IoT.

SDK per Java 2.x

Nota

C'è altro da fare GitHub. Trova l'esempio completo e scopri di più sulla configurazione e l'esecuzione nel Repository di esempi di codice AWS.

import software.amazon.awssdk.regions.Region;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.IotClient;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.ListThingsRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.ListThingsResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.ThingAttribute;
import java.util.List;

public class HelloIoT {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Hello AWS IoT. Here is a listing of your AWS IoT Things:");
        IotClient iotClient = IotClient.builder()
            .region(Region.US_EAST_1)
            .build();

        listAllThings(iotClient);
    }

    public static void listAllThings( IotClient iotClient) {
        ListThingsRequest thingsRequest = ListThingsRequest.builder()
            .maxResults(10)
            .build();

        ListThingsResponse response = iotClient.listThings(thingsRequest) ;
        List<ThingAttribute> thingList = response.things();
        for (ThingAttribute attribute : thingList) {
            System.out.println("Thing name: "+attribute.thingName());
            System.out.println("Thing ARN: "+attribute.thingArn());
        }
    }
}

• Per i dettagli sull'API, consulta ListThings in AWS SDK for Java 2.x API Reference.

Azioni

AttachThingPrincipal

Il seguente esempio di codice mostra come utilizzareAttachThingPrincipal.

SDK per Java 2.x

Nota

C'è altro da fare GitHub. Trova l'esempio completo e scopri di più sulla configurazione e l'esecuzione nel Repository di esempi di codice AWS.

    public static void attachCertificateToThing(IotClient iotClient, String thingName, String certificateArn) {
        // Attach the certificate to the thing.
        AttachThingPrincipalRequest principalRequest = AttachThingPrincipalRequest.builder()
            .thingName(thingName)
            .principal(certificateArn)
            .build();

        AttachThingPrincipalResponse attachResponse = iotClient.attachThingPrincipal(principalRequest);

        // Verify the attachment was successful.
        if (attachResponse.sdkHttpResponse().isSuccessful()) {
            System.out.println("Certificate attached to Thing successfully.");

            // Print additional information about the Thing.
            describeThing(iotClient, thingName);
        } else {
            System.err.println("Failed to attach certificate to Thing. HTTP Status Code: " +
                attachResponse.sdkHttpResponse().statusCode());
        }
    }

• Per i dettagli sull'API, AttachThingPrincipalconsulta AWS SDK for Java 2.x API Reference.

CreateKeysAndCertificate

Il seguente esempio di codice mostra come utilizzareCreateKeysAndCertificate.

SDK per Java 2.x

Nota

C'è altro da fare GitHub. Trova l'esempio completo e scopri di più sulla configurazione e l'esecuzione nel Repository di esempi di codice AWS.

    public static String createCertificate(IotClient iotClient) {
        try {
            CreateKeysAndCertificateResponse response = iotClient.createKeysAndCertificate();
            String certificatePem = response.certificatePem();
            String certificateArn = response.certificateArn();

            // Print the details.
            System.out.println("\nCertificate:");
            System.out.println(certificatePem);
            System.out.println("\nCertificate ARN:");
            System.out.println(certificateArn);
            return certificateArn;

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }

        return "";
    }

• Per i dettagli sull'API, CreateKeysAndCertificateconsulta AWS SDK for Java 2.x API Reference.

CreateThing

Il seguente esempio di codice mostra come utilizzareCreateThing.

SDK per Java 2.x

Nota

C'è altro da fare GitHub. Trova l'esempio completo e scopri di più sulla configurazione e l'esecuzione nel Repository di esempi di codice AWS.

    public static void createIoTThing(IotClient iotClient, String thingName) {
        try {
            CreateThingRequest createThingRequest = CreateThingRequest.builder()
                .thingName(thingName)
                .build();

            CreateThingResponse createThingResponse = iotClient.createThing(createThingRequest);
            System.out.println(thingName +" was successfully created. The ARN value is " + createThingResponse.thingArn());

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

• Per i dettagli sull'API, CreateThingconsulta AWS SDK for Java 2.x API Reference.

CreateTopicRule

Il seguente esempio di codice mostra come utilizzareCreateTopicRule.

SDK per Java 2.x

Nota

C'è altro da fare GitHub. Trova l'esempio completo e scopri di più sulla configurazione e l'esecuzione nel Repository di esempi di codice AWS.

    public static void createIoTRule(IotClient iotClient, String roleARN, String ruleName, String action) {
        try {
            String sql = "SELECT * FROM '" + TOPIC + "'";
            SnsAction action1 = SnsAction.builder()
                .targetArn(action)
                .roleArn(roleARN)
                .build();

            // Create the action.
            Action myAction = Action.builder()
                .sns(action1)
                .build();

            // Create the topic rule payload.
            TopicRulePayload topicRulePayload = TopicRulePayload.builder()
                .sql(sql)
                .actions(myAction)
                .build();

            // Create the topic rule request.
            CreateTopicRuleRequest topicRuleRequest = CreateTopicRuleRequest.builder()
                .ruleName(ruleName)
                .topicRulePayload(topicRulePayload)
                .build();

            // Create the rule.
            iotClient.createTopicRule(topicRuleRequest);
            System.out.println("IoT Rule created successfully.");

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.getMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

• Per i dettagli sull'API, CreateTopicRuleconsulta AWS SDK for Java 2.x API Reference.

DeleteCertificate

Il seguente esempio di codice mostra come utilizzareDeleteCertificate.

SDK per Java 2.x

Nota

C'è altro da fare GitHub. Trova l'esempio completo e scopri di più sulla configurazione e l'esecuzione nel Repository di esempi di codice AWS.

    public static void deleteCertificate(IotClient iotClient, String certificateArn ) {
        DeleteCertificateRequest certificateProviderRequest = DeleteCertificateRequest.builder()
            .certificateId(extractCertificateId(certificateArn))
            .build();

        iotClient.deleteCertificate(certificateProviderRequest);
        System.out.println(certificateArn +" was successfully deleted.");
    }

• Per i dettagli sull'API, DeleteCertificateconsulta AWS SDK for Java 2.x API Reference.

DeleteThing

Il seguente esempio di codice mostra come utilizzareDeleteThing.

SDK per Java 2.x

Nota

C'è altro da fare GitHub. Trova l'esempio completo e scopri di più sulla configurazione e l'esecuzione nel Repository di esempi di codice AWS.

    public static void deleteIoTThing(IotClient iotClient, String thingName) {
        try {
            DeleteThingRequest deleteThingRequest = DeleteThingRequest.builder()
                .thingName(thingName)
                .build();

            iotClient.deleteThing(deleteThingRequest);
            System.out.println("Deleted Thing " + thingName);

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

• Per i dettagli sull'API, DeleteThingconsulta AWS SDK for Java 2.x API Reference.

DescribeEndpoint

Il seguente esempio di codice mostra come utilizzareDescribeEndpoint.

SDK per Java 2.x

Nota

C'è altro da fare GitHub. Trova l'esempio completo e scopri di più sulla configurazione e l'esecuzione nel Repository di esempi di codice AWS.

    public static String describeEndpoint(IotClient iotClient) {
        try {
            DescribeEndpointResponse endpointResponse = iotClient.describeEndpoint(DescribeEndpointRequest.builder().build());

            // Get the endpoint URL.
            String endpointUrl = endpointResponse.endpointAddress();
            String exString = getValue(endpointUrl);
            String fullEndpoint = "https://"+exString+"-ats.iot.us-east-1.amazonaws.com";

            System.out.println("Full Endpoint URL: "+fullEndpoint);
            return fullEndpoint;

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
        return "" ;
    }

• Per i dettagli sull'API, DescribeEndpointconsulta AWS SDK for Java 2.x API Reference.

DescribeThing

Il seguente esempio di codice mostra come utilizzareDescribeThing.

SDK per Java 2.x

Nota

C'è altro da fare GitHub. Trova l'esempio completo e scopri di più sulla configurazione e l'esecuzione nel Repository di esempi di codice AWS.

    private static void describeThing(IotClient iotClient, String thingName) {
        try {
            DescribeThingRequest thingRequest = DescribeThingRequest.builder()
                .thingName(thingName)
                .build() ;

            // Print Thing details.
            DescribeThingResponse describeResponse = iotClient.describeThing(thingRequest);
            System.out.println("Thing Details:");
            System.out.println("Thing Name: " + describeResponse.thingName());
            System.out.println("Thing ARN: " + describeResponse.thingArn());

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

• Per i dettagli sull'API, DescribeThingconsulta AWS SDK for Java 2.x API Reference.

DetachThingPrincipal

Il seguente esempio di codice mostra come utilizzareDetachThingPrincipal.

SDK per Java 2.x

Nota

C'è altro da fare GitHub. Trova l'esempio completo e scopri di più sulla configurazione e l'esecuzione nel Repository di esempi di codice AWS.

    public static void detachThingPrincipal(IotClient iotClient, String thingName, String certificateArn){
        try {
            DetachThingPrincipalRequest thingPrincipalRequest = DetachThingPrincipalRequest.builder()
                .principal(certificateArn)
                .thingName(thingName)
                .build();

            iotClient.detachThingPrincipal(thingPrincipalRequest);
            System.out.println(certificateArn +" was successfully removed from " +thingName);

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

• Per i dettagli sull'API, DetachThingPrincipalconsulta AWS SDK for Java 2.x API Reference.

ListCertificates

Il seguente esempio di codice mostra come utilizzareListCertificates.

SDK per Java 2.x

Nota

C'è altro da fare GitHub. Trova l'esempio completo e scopri di più sulla configurazione e l'esecuzione nel Repository di esempi di codice AWS.

    public static void listCertificates(IotClient iotClient) {
        ListCertificatesResponse response = iotClient.listCertificates();
        List<Certificate> certList = response.certificates();
        for (Certificate cert : certList) {
            System.out.println("Cert id: " + cert.certificateId());
            System.out.println("Cert Arn: " + cert.certificateArn());
        }
    }

• Per i dettagli sull'API, ListCertificatesconsulta AWS SDK for Java 2.x API Reference.

SearchIndex

Il seguente esempio di codice mostra come utilizzareSearchIndex.

SDK per Java 2.x

Nota

C'è altro da fare GitHub. Trova l'esempio completo e scopri di più sulla configurazione e l'esecuzione nel Repository di esempi di codice AWS.

    public static void searchThings(IotClient iotClient, String queryString){
        SearchIndexRequest searchIndexRequest = SearchIndexRequest.builder()
            .queryString(queryString)
            .build();

        try {
            // Perform the search and get the result.
            SearchIndexResponse searchIndexResponse = iotClient.searchIndex(searchIndexRequest);

            // Process the result.
            if (searchIndexResponse.things().isEmpty()) {
                System.out.println("No things found.");
            } else {
                searchIndexResponse.things().forEach(thing -> System.out.println("Thing id found using search is " + thing.thingId()));
            }
        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

• Per i dettagli sull'API, SearchIndexconsulta AWS SDK for Java 2.x API Reference.

UpdateThing

Il seguente esempio di codice mostra come utilizzareUpdateThing.

SDK per Java 2.x

Nota

C'è altro da fare GitHub. Trova l'esempio completo e scopri di più sulla configurazione e l'esecuzione nel Repository di esempi di codice AWS.

    public static void updateThing(IotClient iotClient, String thingName) {
        // Specify the new attribute values.
        String newLocation = "Office";
        String newFirmwareVersion = "v2.0";

        Map<String, String> attMap = new HashMap<>();
        attMap.put("location", newLocation);
        attMap.put("firmwareVersion", newFirmwareVersion);

        AttributePayload attributePayload = AttributePayload.builder()
            .attributes(attMap)
            .build();

        UpdateThingRequest updateThingRequest = UpdateThingRequest.builder()
            .thingName(thingName)
            .attributePayload(attributePayload)
            .build();

        try {
            // Update the IoT Thing attributes.
            iotClient.updateThing(updateThingRequest);
            System.out.println("Thing attributes updated successfully.");

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

• Per i dettagli sull'API, UpdateThingconsulta AWS SDK for Java 2.x API Reference.

Scenari

Lavora con casi d'uso per la gestione dei dispositivi

Il seguente esempio di codice mostra come utilizzare i casi d'uso della gestione dei AWS IoT dispositivi utilizzando AWS IoT SDK

SDK per Java 2.x

Nota

C'è altro su. GitHub Trova l'esempio completo e scopri di più sulla configurazione e l'esecuzione nel Repository di esempi di codice AWS.

import software.amazon.awssdk.core.SdkBytes;
import software.amazon.awssdk.regions.Region;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.IotClient;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.Action;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.AttachThingPrincipalRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.AttachThingPrincipalResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.AttributePayload;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.Certificate;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.CreateKeysAndCertificateResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.CreateThingRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.CreateTopicRuleRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.DeleteCertificateRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.CreateThingResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.DeleteThingRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.DescribeEndpointRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.DescribeEndpointResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.DescribeThingRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.DescribeThingResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.DetachThingPrincipalRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.IotException;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.ListCertificatesResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.ListTopicRulesRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.ListTopicRulesResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.SearchIndexRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.SearchIndexResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.SnsAction;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.TopicRuleListItem;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.TopicRulePayload;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iot.model.UpdateThingRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iotdataplane.IotDataPlaneClient;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iotdataplane.model.GetThingShadowRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iotdataplane.model.GetThingShadowResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.iotdataplane.model.UpdateThingShadowRequest;
import java.net.URI;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

/**
 * Before running this Java V2 code example, set up your development
 * environment, including your credentials.
 *
 * For more information, see the following documentation topic:
 *
 * https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-java/latest/developer-guide/get-started.html
 *
 * This Java example performs these tasks:
 *
 * 1. Creates an AWS IoT Thing.
 * 2. Generate and attach a device certificate.
 * 3. Update an AWS IoT Thing with Attributes.
 * 4. Get an AWS IoT Endpoint.
 * 5. List your certificates.
 * 6. Updates the shadow for the specified thing..
 * 7. Write out the state information, in JSON format
 * 8. Creates a rule
 * 9. List rules
 * 10. Search things
 * 11. Detach amd delete the certificate.
 * 12. Delete Thing.
 */
public class IotScenario {
    public static final String DASHES = new String(new char[80]).replace("\0", "-");
    private static final String TOPIC = "your-iot-topic";
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final String usage =
            """
                Usage:
                    <roleARN> <snsAction>

                Where:
                    roleARN - The ARN of an IAM role that has permission to work with AWS IOT.
                    snsAction  - An ARN of an SNS topic.
                """;

       if (args.length != 2) {
           System.out.println(usage);
           System.exit(1);
       }

        String thingName;
        String ruleName;
        String roleARN = args[0];
        String snsAction = args[1];
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        IotClient iotClient = IotClient.builder()
            .region(Region.US_EAST_1)
            .build();

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("Welcome to the AWS IoT example workflow.");
        System.out.println("""
            This example program demonstrates various interactions with the AWS Internet of Things (IoT) Core service. The program guides you through a series of steps, 
            including creating an IoT Thing, generating a device certificate, updating the Thing with attributes, and so on. 
            It utilizes the AWS SDK for Java V2 and incorporates functionality for creating and managing IoT Things, certificates, rules, 
            shadows, and performing searches. The program aims to showcase AWS IoT capabilities and provides a comprehensive example for 
            developers working with AWS IoT in a Java environment.
            
            """);
        System.out.print("Press Enter to continue...");
        scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("1. Create an AWS IoT Thing.");
        System.out.println("""
            An AWS IoT Thing represents a virtual entity in the AWS IoT service that can be associated with a physical device.
            """);
        // Prompt the user for input.
        System.out.print("Enter Thing name: ");
        thingName = scanner.nextLine();
        createIoTThing(iotClient, thingName);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("2. Generate a device certificate.");
        System.out.println("""
            A device certificate performs a role in securing the communication between devices (Things) and the AWS IoT platform.
            """);

        System.out.print("Do you want to create a certificate for " +thingName +"? (y/n)");
        String certAns = scanner.nextLine();
        String certificateArn="" ;
        if (certAns != null && certAns.trim().equalsIgnoreCase("y")) {
            certificateArn = createCertificate(iotClient);
            System.out.println("Attach the certificate to the AWS IoT Thing.");
            attachCertificateToThing(iotClient, thingName, certificateArn);
        } else {
            System.out.println("A device certificate was not created.");
        }
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("3. Update an AWS IoT Thing with Attributes.");
        System.out.println("""
             IoT Thing attributes, represented as key-value pairs, offer a pivotal advantage in facilitating efficient data 
             management and retrieval within the AWS IoT ecosystem. 
            """);
        System.out.print("Press Enter to continue...");
        scanner.nextLine();
        updateThing(iotClient, thingName);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("4. Return a unique endpoint specific to the Amazon Web Services account.");
        System.out.println("""
            An IoT Endpoint refers to a specific URL or Uniform Resource Locator that serves as the entry point for communication between IoT devices and the AWS IoT service.
           """);
        System.out.print("Press Enter to continue...");
        scanner.nextLine();
        String endpointUrl = describeEndpoint(iotClient);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("5. List your AWS IoT certificates");
        System.out.print("Press Enter to continue...");
        scanner.nextLine();
        if (certificateArn.length() > 0) {
            listCertificates(iotClient);
        } else {
            System.out.println("You did not create a certificates. Skipping this step.");
        }
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("6. Create an IoT shadow that refers to a digital representation or virtual twin of a physical IoT device");
        System.out.println("""
            A Thing Shadow refers to a feature that enables you to create a virtual representation, or "shadow," 
            of a physical device or thing. The Thing Shadow allows you to synchronize and control the state of a device between 
            the cloud and the device itself. and the AWS IoT service. For example, you can write and retrieve JSON data from a Thing Shadow. 
           """);
        System.out.print("Press Enter to continue...");
        scanner.nextLine();
        IotDataPlaneClient iotPlaneClient = IotDataPlaneClient.builder()
            .region(Region.US_EAST_1)
            .endpointOverride(URI.create(endpointUrl))
            .build();

        updateShadowThing(iotPlaneClient, thingName);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("7. Write out the state information, in JSON format.");
        System.out.print("Press Enter to continue...");
        scanner.nextLine();
        getPayload(iotPlaneClient, thingName);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("8. Creates a rule");
        System.out.println("""
        Creates a rule that is an administrator-level action. 
        Any user who has permission to create rules will be able to access data processed by the rule.
        """);
        System.out.print("Enter Rule name: ");
        ruleName = scanner.nextLine();
        createIoTRule(iotClient, roleARN, ruleName, snsAction);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("9. List your rules.");
        System.out.print("Press Enter to continue...");
        scanner.nextLine();
        listIoTRules(iotClient);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("10. Search things using the Thing name.");
        System.out.print("Press Enter to continue...");
        scanner.nextLine();
        String queryString = "thingName:"+thingName ;
        searchThings(iotClient, queryString);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        if (certificateArn.length() > 0) {
            System.out.print("Do you want to detach and delete the certificate for " +thingName +"? (y/n)");
            String delAns = scanner.nextLine();
            if (delAns != null && delAns.trim().equalsIgnoreCase("y")) {
                System.out.println("11. You selected to detach amd delete the certificate.");
                System.out.print("Press Enter to continue...");
                scanner.nextLine();
                detachThingPrincipal(iotClient, thingName, certificateArn);
                deleteCertificate(iotClient, certificateArn);
            } else {
                System.out.println("11. You selected not to delete the certificate.");
            }
        } else {
            System.out.println("11. You did not create a certificate so there is nothing to delete.");
        }
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("12. Delete the AWS IoT Thing.");
        System.out.print("Do you want to delete the IoT Thing? (y/n)");
        String delAns = scanner.nextLine();
        if (delAns != null && delAns.trim().equalsIgnoreCase("y")) {
            deleteIoTThing(iotClient, thingName);
        } else {
            System.out.println("The IoT Thing was not deleted.");
        }
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("The AWS IoT workflow has successfully completed.");
        System.out.println(DASHES);
    }

    public static void listCertificates(IotClient iotClient) {
        ListCertificatesResponse response = iotClient.listCertificates();
        List<Certificate> certList = response.certificates();
        for (Certificate cert : certList) {
            System.out.println("Cert id: " + cert.certificateId());
            System.out.println("Cert Arn: " + cert.certificateArn());
        }
    }

    public static void listIoTRules(IotClient iotClient) {
        try {
            ListTopicRulesRequest listTopicRulesRequest = ListTopicRulesRequest.builder().build();
            ListTopicRulesResponse listTopicRulesResponse = iotClient.listTopicRules(listTopicRulesRequest);
            System.out.println("List of IoT Rules:");
            List<TopicRuleListItem> ruleList = listTopicRulesResponse.rules();
            for (TopicRuleListItem rule : ruleList) {
                System.out.println("Rule Name: " + rule.ruleName());
                System.out.println("Rule ARN: " + rule.ruleArn());
                System.out.println("--------------");
            }

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static void createIoTRule(IotClient iotClient, String roleARN, String ruleName, String action) {
        try {
            String sql = "SELECT * FROM '" + TOPIC + "'";
            SnsAction action1 = SnsAction.builder()
                .targetArn(action)
                .roleArn(roleARN)
                .build();

            // Create the action.
            Action myAction = Action.builder()
                .sns(action1)
                .build();

            // Create the topic rule payload.
            TopicRulePayload topicRulePayload = TopicRulePayload.builder()
                .sql(sql)
                .actions(myAction)
                .build();

            // Create the topic rule request.
            CreateTopicRuleRequest topicRuleRequest = CreateTopicRuleRequest.builder()
                .ruleName(ruleName)
                .topicRulePayload(topicRulePayload)
                .build();

            // Create the rule.
            iotClient.createTopicRule(topicRuleRequest);
            System.out.println("IoT Rule created successfully.");

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.getMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static void getPayload(IotDataPlaneClient iotPlaneClient, String thingName) {
        try {
            GetThingShadowRequest getThingShadowRequest = GetThingShadowRequest.builder()
                .thingName(thingName)
                .build();

            GetThingShadowResponse getThingShadowResponse = iotPlaneClient.getThingShadow(getThingShadowRequest);

            // Extracting payload from response.
            SdkBytes payload = getThingShadowResponse.payload();
            String payloadString = payload.asUtf8String();
            System.out.println("Received Shadow Data: " + payloadString);

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.getMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static void updateShadowThing(IotDataPlaneClient iotPlaneClient, String thingName) {
        try {
            // Create Thing Shadow State Document.
            String stateDocument = "{\"state\":{\"reported\":{\"temperature\":25, \"humidity\":50}}}";
            SdkBytes data= SdkBytes.fromString(stateDocument, StandardCharsets.UTF_8 );
            UpdateThingShadowRequest updateThingShadowRequest = UpdateThingShadowRequest.builder()
                .thingName(thingName)
                .payload(data)
                .build();

            // Update Thing Shadow.
            iotPlaneClient.updateThingShadow(updateThingShadowRequest);
            System.out.println("Thing Shadow updated successfully.");

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static void updateThing(IotClient iotClient, String thingName) {
        // Specify the new attribute values.
        String newLocation = "Office";
        String newFirmwareVersion = "v2.0";

        Map<String, String> attMap = new HashMap<>();
        attMap.put("location", newLocation);
        attMap.put("firmwareVersion", newFirmwareVersion);

        AttributePayload attributePayload = AttributePayload.builder()
            .attributes(attMap)
            .build();

        UpdateThingRequest updateThingRequest = UpdateThingRequest.builder()
            .thingName(thingName)
            .attributePayload(attributePayload)
            .build();

        try {
            // Update the IoT Thing attributes.
            iotClient.updateThing(updateThingRequest);
            System.out.println("Thing attributes updated successfully.");

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static String describeEndpoint(IotClient iotClient) {
        try {
            DescribeEndpointResponse endpointResponse = iotClient.describeEndpoint(DescribeEndpointRequest.builder().build());

            // Get the endpoint URL.
            String endpointUrl = endpointResponse.endpointAddress();
            String exString = getValue(endpointUrl);
            String fullEndpoint = "https://"+exString+"-ats.iot.us-east-1.amazonaws.com";

            System.out.println("Full Endpoint URL: "+fullEndpoint);
            return fullEndpoint;

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
        return "" ;
    }

    public static void detachThingPrincipal(IotClient iotClient, String thingName, String certificateArn){
        try {
            DetachThingPrincipalRequest thingPrincipalRequest = DetachThingPrincipalRequest.builder()
                .principal(certificateArn)
                .thingName(thingName)
                .build();

            iotClient.detachThingPrincipal(thingPrincipalRequest);
            System.out.println(certificateArn +" was successfully removed from " +thingName);

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static void deleteCertificate(IotClient iotClient, String certificateArn ) {
        DeleteCertificateRequest certificateProviderRequest = DeleteCertificateRequest.builder()
            .certificateId(extractCertificateId(certificateArn))
            .build();

        iotClient.deleteCertificate(certificateProviderRequest);
        System.out.println(certificateArn +" was successfully deleted.");
    }

    // Get the cert Id  from the Cert ARN value.
    private static String extractCertificateId(String certificateArn) {
        // Example ARN: arn:aws:iot:region:account-id:cert/certificate-id.
        String[] arnParts = certificateArn.split(":");
        String certificateIdPart = arnParts[arnParts.length - 1];
        return certificateIdPart.substring(certificateIdPart.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
    }

    public static String createCertificate(IotClient iotClient) {
        try {
            CreateKeysAndCertificateResponse response = iotClient.createKeysAndCertificate();
            String certificatePem = response.certificatePem();
            String certificateArn = response.certificateArn();

            // Print the details.
            System.out.println("\nCertificate:");
            System.out.println(certificatePem);
            System.out.println("\nCertificate ARN:");
            System.out.println(certificateArn);
            return certificateArn;

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }

        return "";
    }

    public static void attachCertificateToThing(IotClient iotClient, String thingName, String certificateArn) {
        // Attach the certificate to the thing.
        AttachThingPrincipalRequest principalRequest = AttachThingPrincipalRequest.builder()
            .thingName(thingName)
            .principal(certificateArn)
            .build();

        AttachThingPrincipalResponse attachResponse = iotClient.attachThingPrincipal(principalRequest);

        // Verify the attachment was successful.
        if (attachResponse.sdkHttpResponse().isSuccessful()) {
            System.out.println("Certificate attached to Thing successfully.");

            // Print additional information about the Thing.
            describeThing(iotClient, thingName);
        } else {
            System.err.println("Failed to attach certificate to Thing. HTTP Status Code: " +
                attachResponse.sdkHttpResponse().statusCode());
        }
    }

    private static void describeThing(IotClient iotClient, String thingName) {
        try {
            DescribeThingRequest thingRequest = DescribeThingRequest.builder()
                .thingName(thingName)
                .build() ;

            // Print Thing details.
            DescribeThingResponse describeResponse = iotClient.describeThing(thingRequest);
            System.out.println("Thing Details:");
            System.out.println("Thing Name: " + describeResponse.thingName());
            System.out.println("Thing ARN: " + describeResponse.thingArn());

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static void deleteIoTThing(IotClient iotClient, String thingName) {
        try {
            DeleteThingRequest deleteThingRequest = DeleteThingRequest.builder()
                .thingName(thingName)
                .build();

            iotClient.deleteThing(deleteThingRequest);
            System.out.println("Deleted Thing " + thingName);

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static void createIoTThing(IotClient iotClient, String thingName) {
        try {
            CreateThingRequest createThingRequest = CreateThingRequest.builder()
                .thingName(thingName)
                .build();

            CreateThingResponse createThingResponse = iotClient.createThing(createThingRequest);
            System.out.println(thingName +" was successfully created. The ARN value is " + createThingResponse.thingArn());

        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    private static String getValue(String input) {
        // Define a regular expression pattern for extracting the subdomain.
        Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^(.*?)\\.iot\\.us-east-1\\.amazonaws\\.com");

        // Match the pattern against the input string.
        Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(input);

        // Check if a match is found.
        if (matcher.find()) {
            // Extract the subdomain from the first capturing group.
            String subdomain = matcher.group(1);
            System.out.println("Extracted subdomain: " + subdomain);
            return subdomain ;
        } else {
            System.out.println("No match found");
        }
        return "" ;
    }

    public static void searchThings(IotClient iotClient, String queryString){
        SearchIndexRequest searchIndexRequest = SearchIndexRequest.builder()
            .queryString(queryString)
            .build();

        try {
            // Perform the search and get the result.
            SearchIndexResponse searchIndexResponse = iotClient.searchIndex(searchIndexRequest);

            // Process the result.
            if (searchIndexResponse.things().isEmpty()) {
                System.out.println("No things found.");
            } else {
                searchIndexResponse.things().forEach(thing -> System.out.println("Thing id found using search is " + thing.thingId()));
            }
        } catch (IotException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }
}