SDK for Python (Boto3) を使用する Amazon SQS の例

次のコード例は、Amazon SQS AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) でを使用してアクションを実行し、一般的なシナリオを実装する方法を示しています。

アクションはより大きなプログラムからのコードの抜粋であり、コンテキスト内で実行する必要があります。アクションは個々のサービス機能を呼び出す方法を示していますが、コンテキスト内のアクションは、関連するシナリオで確認できます。

シナリオは、1 つのサービス内から、または他の AWS のサービスと組み合わせて複数の関数を呼び出し、特定のタスクを実行する方法を示すコード例です。

各例には完全なソースコードへのリンクが含まれており、コードの設定方法と実行方法に関する手順を確認できます。

アクション

次のコード例は、CreateQueue を使用する方法を示しています。

SDK for Python (Boto3)

注記

GitHub には、その他のリソースもあります。用例一覧を検索し、AWS コード例リポジトリでの設定と実行の方法を確認してください。


def create_queue(name, attributes=None):
    """
    Creates an Amazon SQS queue.

    :param name: The name of the queue. This is part of the URL assigned to the queue.
    :param attributes: The attributes of the queue, such as maximum message size or
                       whether it's a FIFO queue.
    :return: A Queue object that contains metadata about the queue and that can be used
             to perform queue operations like sending and receiving messages.
    """
    if not attributes:
        attributes = {}

    try:
        queue = sqs.create_queue(QueueName=name, Attributes=attributes)
        logger.info("Created queue '%s' with URL=%s", name, queue.url)
    except ClientError as error:
        logger.exception("Couldn't create queue named '%s'.", name)
        raise error
    else:
        return queue


class SqsWrapper:
    """Wrapper class for managing Amazon SQS operations."""

    def __init__(self, sqs_client: Any) -> None:
        """
        Initialize the SqsWrapper.

        :param sqs_client: A Boto3 Amazon SQS client.
        """
        self.sqs_client = sqs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> 'SqsWrapper':
        """
        Create an SqsWrapper instance using a default boto3 client.

        :return: An instance of this class.
        """
        sqs_client = boto3.client('sqs')
        return cls(sqs_client)


    def create_queue(self, queue_name: str, is_fifo: bool = False) -> str:
        """
        Create an SQS queue.

        :param queue_name: The name of the queue to create.
        :param is_fifo: Whether to create a FIFO queue.
        :return: The URL of the created queue.
        :raises ClientError: If the queue creation fails.
        """
        try:
            # Add .fifo suffix for FIFO queues
            if is_fifo and not queue_name.endswith('.fifo'):
                queue_name += '.fifo'

            attributes = {}
            if is_fifo:
                attributes['FifoQueue'] = 'true'

            response = self.sqs_client.create_queue(
                QueueName=queue_name,
                Attributes=attributes
            )

            queue_url = response['QueueUrl']
            logger.info(f"Created queue: {queue_name} with URL: {queue_url}")
            return queue_url

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error creating queue {queue_name}: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise

API の詳細については、AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) API リファレンスの「CreateQueue」を参照してください。

次のコード例は、DeleteMessage を使用する方法を示しています。

SDK for Python (Boto3)

注記

GitHub には、その他のリソースもあります。用例一覧を検索し、AWS コード例リポジトリでの設定と実行の方法を確認してください。


def delete_message(message):
    """
    Delete a message from a queue. Clients must delete messages after they
    are received and processed to remove them from the queue.

    :param message: The message to delete. The message's queue URL is contained in
                    the message's metadata.
    :return: None
    """
    try:
        message.delete()
        logger.info("Deleted message: %s", message.message_id)
    except ClientError as error:
        logger.exception("Couldn't delete message: %s", message.message_id)
        raise error

API の詳細については、AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) API リファレンスの「DeleteMessage」を参照してください。

次のコード例は、DeleteMessageBatch を使用する方法を示しています。

SDK for Python (Boto3)

注記

GitHub には、その他のリソースもあります。用例一覧を検索し、AWS コード例リポジトリでの設定と実行の方法を確認してください。


def delete_messages(queue, messages):
    """
    Delete a batch of messages from a queue in a single request.

    :param queue: The queue from which to delete the messages.
    :param messages: The list of messages to delete.
    :return: The response from SQS that contains the list of successful and failed
             message deletions.
    """
    try:
        entries = [
            {"Id": str(ind), "ReceiptHandle": msg.receipt_handle}
            for ind, msg in enumerate(messages)
        ]
        response = queue.delete_messages(Entries=entries)
        if "Successful" in response:
            for msg_meta in response["Successful"]:
                logger.info("Deleted %s", messages[int(msg_meta["Id"])].receipt_handle)
        if "Failed" in response:
            for msg_meta in response["Failed"]:
                logger.warning(
                    "Could not delete %s", messages[int(msg_meta["Id"])].receipt_handle
                )
    except ClientError:
        logger.exception("Couldn't delete messages from queue %s", queue)
    else:
        return response


class SqsWrapper:
    """Wrapper class for managing Amazon SQS operations."""

    def __init__(self, sqs_client: Any) -> None:
        """
        Initialize the SqsWrapper.

        :param sqs_client: A Boto3 Amazon SQS client.
        """
        self.sqs_client = sqs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> 'SqsWrapper':
        """
        Create an SqsWrapper instance using a default boto3 client.

        :return: An instance of this class.
        """
        sqs_client = boto3.client('sqs')
        return cls(sqs_client)


    def delete_messages(self, queue_url: str, messages: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> bool:
        """
        Delete messages from an SQS queue in batches.

        :param queue_url: The URL of the queue.
        :param messages: List of messages to delete.
        :return: True if successful.
        :raises ClientError: If deleting messages fails.
        """
        try:
            if not messages:
                return True

            # Build delete entries for batch delete
            delete_entries = []
            for i, message in enumerate(messages):
                delete_entries.append({
                    'Id': str(i),
                    'ReceiptHandle': message['ReceiptHandle']
                })

            # Delete messages in batches of 10 (SQS limit)
            batch_size = 10
            for i in range(0, len(delete_entries), batch_size):
                batch = delete_entries[i:i + batch_size]
                
                response = self.sqs_client.delete_message_batch(
                    QueueUrl=queue_url,
                    Entries=batch
                )

                # Check for failures
                if 'Failed' in response and response['Failed']:
                    for failed in response['Failed']:
                        logger.warning(f"Failed to delete message: {failed}")

            logger.info(f"Deleted {len(messages)} messages from {queue_url}")
            return True

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error deleting messages: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise

API の詳細については、AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) API リファレンスの「DeleteMessageBatch」を参照してください。

次のコード例は、DeleteQueue を使用する方法を示しています。

SDK for Python (Boto3)

注記

GitHub には、その他のリソースもあります。用例一覧を検索し、AWS コード例リポジトリでの設定と実行の方法を確認してください。


def remove_queue(queue):
    """
    Removes an SQS queue. When run against an AWS account, it can take up to
    60 seconds before the queue is actually deleted.

    :param queue: The queue to delete.
    :return: None
    """
    try:
        queue.delete()
        logger.info("Deleted queue with URL=%s.", queue.url)
    except ClientError as error:
        logger.exception("Couldn't delete queue with URL=%s!", queue.url)
        raise error


class SqsWrapper:
    """Wrapper class for managing Amazon SQS operations."""

    def __init__(self, sqs_client: Any) -> None:
        """
        Initialize the SqsWrapper.

        :param sqs_client: A Boto3 Amazon SQS client.
        """
        self.sqs_client = sqs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> 'SqsWrapper':
        """
        Create an SqsWrapper instance using a default boto3 client.

        :return: An instance of this class.
        """
        sqs_client = boto3.client('sqs')
        return cls(sqs_client)


    def delete_queue(self, queue_url: str) -> bool:
        """
        Delete an SQS queue.

        :param queue_url: The URL of the queue to delete.
        :return: True if successful.
        :raises ClientError: If the queue deletion fails.
        """
        try:
            self.sqs_client.delete_queue(QueueUrl=queue_url)
            
            logger.info(f"Deleted queue: {queue_url}")
            return True

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            
            if error_code == 'AWS.SimpleQueueService.NonExistentQueue':
                logger.warning(f"Queue not found: {queue_url}")
                return True  # Already deleted
            else:
                logger.error(f"Error deleting queue: {error_code} - {e}")
                raise

API の詳細については、AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) API リファレンスの「DeleteQueue」を参照してください。

次の例は、GetQueueAttributes を使用する方法を説明しています。

SDK for Python (Boto3)

注記

GitHub には、その他のリソースもあります。用例一覧を検索し、AWS コード例リポジトリでの設定と実行の方法を確認してください。


class SqsWrapper:
    """Wrapper class for managing Amazon SQS operations."""

    def __init__(self, sqs_client: Any) -> None:
        """
        Initialize the SqsWrapper.

        :param sqs_client: A Boto3 Amazon SQS client.
        """
        self.sqs_client = sqs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> 'SqsWrapper':
        """
        Create an SqsWrapper instance using a default boto3 client.

        :return: An instance of this class.
        """
        sqs_client = boto3.client('sqs')
        return cls(sqs_client)


    def get_queue_arn(self, queue_url: str) -> str:
        """
        Get the ARN of an SQS queue.

        :param queue_url: The URL of the queue.
        :return: The ARN of the queue.
        :raises ClientError: If getting queue attributes fails.
        """
        try:
            response = self.sqs_client.get_queue_attributes(
                QueueUrl=queue_url,
                AttributeNames=['QueueArn']
            )

            queue_arn = response['Attributes']['QueueArn']
            logger.info(f"Queue ARN for {queue_url}: {queue_arn}")
            return queue_arn

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error getting queue ARN: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise

API の詳細については、 AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) API リファレンスのGetQueueAttributes」を参照してください。

次の例は、GetQueueUrl を使用する方法を説明しています。

SDK for Python (Boto3)

注記

GitHub には、その他のリソースもあります。用例一覧を検索し、AWS コード例リポジトリでの設定と実行の方法を確認してください。


def get_queue(name):
    """
    Gets an SQS queue by name.

    :param name: The name that was used to create the queue.
    :return: A Queue object.
    """
    try:
        queue = sqs.get_queue_by_name(QueueName=name)
        logger.info("Got queue '%s' with URL=%s", name, queue.url)
    except ClientError as error:
        logger.exception("Couldn't get queue named %s.", name)
        raise error
    else:
        return queue

API の詳細については、AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) API リファレンスの「GetQueueUrl」を参照してください。

次のコード例は、ListQueues を使用する方法を示しています。

SDK for Python (Boto3)

注記

GitHub には、その他のリソースもあります。用例一覧を検索し、AWS コード例リポジトリでの設定と実行の方法を確認してください。


def get_queues(prefix=None):
    """
    Gets a list of SQS queues. When a prefix is specified, only queues with names
    that start with the prefix are returned.

    :param prefix: The prefix used to restrict the list of returned queues.
    :return: A list of Queue objects.
    """
    if prefix:
        queue_iter = sqs.queues.filter(QueueNamePrefix=prefix)
    else:
        queue_iter = sqs.queues.all()
    queues = list(queue_iter)
    if queues:
        logger.info("Got queues: %s", ", ".join([q.url for q in queues]))
    else:
        logger.warning("No queues found.")
    return queues

API の詳細については、 SDK for Python (Boto3) API リファレンスの「ListQueues」を参照してください。

次のコード例は、ReceiveMessage を使用する方法を示しています。

SDK for Python (Boto3)

注記

GitHub には、その他のリソースもあります。用例一覧を検索し、AWS コード例リポジトリでの設定と実行の方法を確認してください。


def receive_messages(queue, max_number, wait_time):
    """
    Receive a batch of messages in a single request from an SQS queue.

    :param queue: The queue from which to receive messages.
    :param max_number: The maximum number of messages to receive. The actual number
                       of messages received might be less.
    :param wait_time: The maximum time to wait (in seconds) before returning. When
                      this number is greater than zero, long polling is used. This
                      can result in reduced costs and fewer false empty responses.
    :return: The list of Message objects received. These each contain the body
             of the message and metadata and custom attributes.
    """
    try:
        messages = queue.receive_messages(
            MessageAttributeNames=["All"],
            MaxNumberOfMessages=max_number,
            WaitTimeSeconds=wait_time,
        )
        for msg in messages:
            logger.info("Received message: %s: %s", msg.message_id, msg.body)
    except ClientError as error:
        logger.exception("Couldn't receive messages from queue: %s", queue)
        raise error
    else:
        return messages


class SqsWrapper:
    """Wrapper class for managing Amazon SQS operations."""

    def __init__(self, sqs_client: Any) -> None:
        """
        Initialize the SqsWrapper.

        :param sqs_client: A Boto3 Amazon SQS client.
        """
        self.sqs_client = sqs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> 'SqsWrapper':
        """
        Create an SqsWrapper instance using a default boto3 client.

        :return: An instance of this class.
        """
        sqs_client = boto3.client('sqs')
        return cls(sqs_client)


    def receive_messages(self, queue_url: str, max_messages: int = 10) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
        """
        Receive messages from an SQS queue.

        :param queue_url: The URL of the queue to receive messages from.
        :param max_messages: Maximum number of messages to receive (1-10).
        :return: List of received messages.
        :raises ClientError: If receiving messages fails.
        """
        try:
            # Ensure max_messages is within valid range
            max_messages = max(1, min(10, max_messages))

            response = self.sqs_client.receive_message(
                QueueUrl=queue_url,
                MaxNumberOfMessages=max_messages,
                WaitTimeSeconds=2,  # Short polling
                MessageAttributeNames=['All']
            )

            messages = response.get('Messages', [])
            logger.info(f"Received {len(messages)} messages from {queue_url}")
            return messages

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error receiving messages: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise

API の詳細については、AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) API リファレンスの「ReceiveMessage」を参照してください。

次のコード例は、SendMessage を使用する方法を示しています。

SDK for Python (Boto3)

注記

GitHub には、その他のリソースもあります。用例一覧を検索し、AWS コード例リポジトリでの設定と実行の方法を確認してください。


def send_message(queue, message_body, message_attributes=None):
    """
    Send a message to an Amazon SQS queue.

    :param queue: The queue that receives the message.
    :param message_body: The body text of the message.
    :param message_attributes: Custom attributes of the message. These are key-value
                               pairs that can be whatever you want.
    :return: The response from SQS that contains the assigned message ID.
    """
    if not message_attributes:
        message_attributes = {}

    try:
        response = queue.send_message(
            MessageBody=message_body, MessageAttributes=message_attributes
        )
    except ClientError as error:
        logger.exception("Send message failed: %s", message_body)
        raise error
    else:
        return response

API の詳細については、AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) API リファレンスの「SendMessage」を参照してください。

次のコード例は、SendMessageBatch を使用する方法を示しています。

SDK for Python (Boto3)

注記

GitHub には、その他のリソースもあります。用例一覧を検索し、AWS コード例リポジトリでの設定と実行の方法を確認してください。


def send_messages(queue, messages):
    """
    Send a batch of messages in a single request to an SQS queue.
    This request may return overall success even when some messages were not sent.
    The caller must inspect the Successful and Failed lists in the response and
    resend any failed messages.

    :param queue: The queue to receive the messages.
    :param messages: The messages to send to the queue. These are simplified to
                     contain only the message body and attributes.
    :return: The response from SQS that contains the list of successful and failed
             messages.
    """
    try:
        entries = [
            {
                "Id": str(ind),
                "MessageBody": msg["body"],
                "MessageAttributes": msg["attributes"],
            }
            for ind, msg in enumerate(messages)
        ]
        response = queue.send_messages(Entries=entries)
        if "Successful" in response:
            for msg_meta in response["Successful"]:
                logger.info(
                    "Message sent: %s: %s",
                    msg_meta["MessageId"],
                    messages[int(msg_meta["Id"])]["body"],
                )
        if "Failed" in response:
            for msg_meta in response["Failed"]:
                logger.warning(
                    "Failed to send: %s: %s",
                    msg_meta["MessageId"],
                    messages[int(msg_meta["Id"])]["body"],
                )
    except ClientError as error:
        logger.exception("Send messages failed to queue: %s", queue)
        raise error
    else:
        return response

API の詳細については、AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) API リファレンスの「SendMessageBatch」を参照してください。

次の例は、SetQueueAttributes を使用する方法を説明しています。

SDK for Python (Boto3)

注記

GitHub には、その他のリソースもあります。用例一覧を検索し、AWS コード例リポジトリでの設定と実行の方法を確認してください。

トピックのキューのポリシー属性を設定します。


class SqsWrapper:
    """Wrapper class for managing Amazon SQS operations."""

    def __init__(self, sqs_client: Any) -> None:
        """
        Initialize the SqsWrapper.

        :param sqs_client: A Boto3 Amazon SQS client.
        """
        self.sqs_client = sqs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> 'SqsWrapper':
        """
        Create an SqsWrapper instance using a default boto3 client.

        :return: An instance of this class.
        """
        sqs_client = boto3.client('sqs')
        return cls(sqs_client)


    def set_queue_policy_for_topic(self, queue_arn: str, topic_arn: str, queue_url: str) -> bool:
        """
        Set the queue policy to allow SNS to send messages to the queue.

        :param queue_arn: The ARN of the SQS queue.
        :param topic_arn: The ARN of the SNS topic.
        :param queue_url: The URL of the SQS queue.
        :return: True if successful.
        :raises ClientError: If setting the queue policy fails.
        """
        try:
            # Create policy that allows SNS to send messages to the queue
            policy = {
                "Version":"2012-10-17",		 	 	 
                "Statement": [
                    {
                        "Effect": "Allow",
                        "Principal": {
                            "Service": "sns.amazonaws.com"
                        },
                        "Action": "sqs:SendMessage",
                        "Resource": queue_arn,
                        "Condition": {
                            "ArnEquals": {
                                "aws:SourceArn": topic_arn
                            }
                        }
                    }
                ]
            }

            self.sqs_client.set_queue_attributes(
                QueueUrl=queue_url,
                Attributes={
                    'Policy': json.dumps(policy)
                }
            )

            logger.info(f"Set queue policy for {queue_url} to allow messages from {topic_arn}")
            return True

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error setting queue policy: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise

API の詳細については、 AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) API リファレンスの「SetQueueAttributes」を参照してください。

シナリオ

次のコード例は、データベーステーブルからメッセージレコードを取得する AWS Step Functions メッセンジャーアプリケーションを作成する方法を示しています。

SDK for Python (Boto3)

AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) でを使用して AWS Step Functions 、Amazon DynamoDB テーブルからメッセージレコードを取得し、Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) で送信するメッセンジャーアプリケーションを作成する方法を示します。ステートマシンは AWS Lambda 関数と統合して、未送信メッセージがないかデータベースをスキャンします。

Amazon DynamoDB テーブルからメッセージレコードを取得および更新するステートマシンを作成します。
ステートマシンの定義を更新して、Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) にもメッセージを送信します。
ステートマシンの実行を開始および停止します。
サービス統合を使用して、ステートマシンから Lambda、DynamoDB、および Amazon SQS に接続します。

完全なソースコードとセットアップおよび実行の手順については、GitHub で完全な例を参照してください。

この例で使用されているサービス

DynamoDB
Lambda
Amazon SQS
ステップ関数

次のコード例は、インタラクティブアプリケーションで Amazon Textract の出力を調べる方法を示しています。

SDK for Python (Boto3)

Amazon Textract AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) でを使用して、ドキュメントイメージ内のテキスト、フォーム、テーブル要素を検出する方法を示します。入力イメージと Amazon Textract 出力は、検出された要素を探索できる Tkinter アプリケーションに表示されます。

Amazon Textract にドキュメントイメージを送信し、検出された要素の出力を調べます。
Amazon Textract に直接イメージを送信するか、Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) バケットを通じてイメージを送信します。
非同期 API を使用して、ジョブの完了時に Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) トピックに通知を発行するジョブを開始します。
Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) キューにジョブ完了メッセージについてポーリングし、結果を表示します。

完全なソースコードとセットアップおよび実行の手順については、GitHub で完全な例を参照してください。

この例で使用されているサービス

Amazon Cognito ID
Amazon S3
Amazon SNS
Amazon SQS
Amazon Textract

次のコード例は、FIFO Amazon SNS トピックを作成、発行する方法を示しています。

SDK for Python (Boto3)

注記

GitHub には、その他のリソースもあります。用例一覧を検索し、AWS コード例リポジトリでの設定と実行の方法を確認してください。

FIFO トピックを作成し、そのトピックに Amazon SQS FIFO キューと標準キューをサブスクライブして、メッセージを Amazon SNS トピックに発行します。


def usage_demo():
    """Shows how to subscribe queues to a FIFO topic."""
    print("-" * 88)
    print("Welcome to the `Subscribe queues to a FIFO topic` demo!")
    print("-" * 88)

    sns = boto3.resource("sns")
    sqs = boto3.resource("sqs")
    fifo_topic_wrapper = FifoTopicWrapper(sns)
    sns_wrapper = SnsWrapper(sns)

    prefix = "sqs-subscribe-demo-"
    queues = set()
    subscriptions = set()

    wholesale_queue = sqs.create_queue(
        QueueName=prefix + "wholesale.fifo",
        Attributes={
            "MaximumMessageSize": str(4096),
            "ReceiveMessageWaitTimeSeconds": str(10),
            "VisibilityTimeout": str(300),
            "FifoQueue": str(True),
            "ContentBasedDeduplication": str(True),
        },
    )
    queues.add(wholesale_queue)
    print(f"Created FIFO queue with URL: {wholesale_queue.url}.")

    retail_queue = sqs.create_queue(
        QueueName=prefix + "retail.fifo",
        Attributes={
            "MaximumMessageSize": str(4096),
            "ReceiveMessageWaitTimeSeconds": str(10),
            "VisibilityTimeout": str(300),
            "FifoQueue": str(True),
            "ContentBasedDeduplication": str(True),
        },
    )
    queues.add(retail_queue)
    print(f"Created FIFO queue with URL: {retail_queue.url}.")

    analytics_queue = sqs.create_queue(QueueName=prefix + "analytics", Attributes={})
    queues.add(analytics_queue)
    print(f"Created standard queue with URL: {analytics_queue.url}.")

    topic = fifo_topic_wrapper.create_fifo_topic("price-updates-topic.fifo")
    print(f"Created FIFO topic: {topic.attributes['TopicArn']}.")

    for q in queues:
        fifo_topic_wrapper.add_access_policy(q, topic.attributes["TopicArn"])

    print(f"Added access policies for topic: {topic.attributes['TopicArn']}.")

    for q in queues:
        sub = fifo_topic_wrapper.subscribe_queue_to_topic(
            topic, q.attributes["QueueArn"]
        )
        subscriptions.add(sub)

    print(f"Subscribed queues to topic: {topic.attributes['TopicArn']}.")

    input("Press Enter to publish a message to the topic.")

    message_id = fifo_topic_wrapper.publish_price_update(
        topic, '{"product": 214, "price": 79.99}', "Consumables"
    )

    print(f"Published price update with message ID: {message_id}.")

    # Clean up the subscriptions, queues, and topic.
    input("Press Enter to clean up resources.")
    for s in subscriptions:
        sns_wrapper.delete_subscription(s)

    sns_wrapper.delete_topic(topic)

    for q in queues:
        fifo_topic_wrapper.delete_queue(q)

    print(f"Deleted subscriptions, queues, and topic.")

    print("Thanks for watching!")
    print("-" * 88)



class FifoTopicWrapper:
    """Encapsulates Amazon SNS FIFO topic and subscription functions."""

    def __init__(self, sns_resource):
        """
        :param sns_resource: A Boto3 Amazon SNS resource.
        """
        self.sns_resource = sns_resource

    def create_fifo_topic(self, topic_name):
        """
        Create a FIFO topic.
        Topic names must be made up of only uppercase and lowercase ASCII letters,
        numbers, underscores, and hyphens, and must be between 1 and 256 characters long.
        For a FIFO topic, the name must end with the .fifo suffix.

        :param topic_name: The name for the topic.
        :return: The new topic.
        """
        try:
            topic = self.sns_resource.create_topic(
                Name=topic_name,
                Attributes={
                    "FifoTopic": str(True),
                    "ContentBasedDeduplication": str(False),
                    "FifoThroughputScope": "MessageGroup",
                },
            )
            logger.info("Created FIFO topic with name=%s.", topic_name)
            return topic
        except ClientError as error:
            logger.exception("Couldn't create topic with name=%s!", topic_name)
            raise error


    @staticmethod
    def add_access_policy(queue, topic_arn):
        """
        Add the necessary access policy to a queue, so
        it can receive messages from a topic.

        :param queue: The queue resource.
        :param topic_arn: The ARN of the topic.
        :return: None.
        """
        try:
            queue.set_attributes(
                Attributes={
                    "Policy": json.dumps(
                        {
                            "Version":"2012-10-17",		 	 	 
                            "Statement": [
                                {
                                    "Sid": "test-sid",
                                    "Effect": "Allow",
                                    "Principal": {"AWS": "*"},
                                    "Action": "SQS:SendMessage",
                                    "Resource": queue.attributes["QueueArn"],
                                    "Condition": {
                                        "ArnLike": {"aws:SourceArn": topic_arn}
                                    },
                                }
                            ],
                        }
                    )
                }
            )
            logger.info("Added trust policy to the queue.")
        except ClientError as error:
            logger.exception("Couldn't add trust policy to the queue!")
            raise error


    @staticmethod
    def subscribe_queue_to_topic(topic, queue_arn):
        """
        Subscribe a queue to a topic.

        :param topic: The topic resource.
        :param queue_arn: The ARN of the queue.
        :return: The subscription resource.
        """
        try:
            subscription = topic.subscribe(
                Protocol="sqs",
                Endpoint=queue_arn,
            )
            logger.info("The queue is subscribed to the topic.")
            return subscription
        except ClientError as error:
            logger.exception("Couldn't subscribe queue to topic!")
            raise error


    @staticmethod
    def publish_price_update(topic, payload, group_id):
        """
        Compose and publish a message that updates the wholesale price.

        :param topic: The topic to publish to.
        :param payload: The message to publish.
        :param group_id: The group ID for the message.
        :return: The ID of the message.
        """
        try:
            att_dict = {"business": {"DataType": "String", "StringValue": "wholesale"}}
            dedup_id = uuid.uuid4()
            response = topic.publish(
                Subject="Price Update",
                Message=payload,
                MessageAttributes=att_dict,
                MessageGroupId=group_id,
                MessageDeduplicationId=str(dedup_id),
            )
            message_id = response["MessageId"]
            logger.info("Published message to topic %s.", topic.arn)
        except ClientError as error:
            logger.exception("Couldn't publish message to topic %s.", topic.arn)
            raise error
        return message_id


    @staticmethod
    def delete_queue(queue):
        """
        Removes an SQS queue. When run against an AWS account, it can take up to
        60 seconds before the queue is actually deleted.

        :param queue: The queue to delete.
        :return: None
        """
        try:
            queue.delete()
            logger.info("Deleted queue with URL=%s.", queue.url)
        except ClientError as error:
            logger.exception("Couldn't delete queue with URL=%s!", queue.url)
            raise error

API の詳細については、「AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) API リファレンス」の以下のトピックを参照してください。

次のコード例は、Amazon Rekognition で動画内の人やオブジェクトを検出する方法を示します。

SDK for Python (Boto3)

Amazon Rekognition を使用して、非同期検出ジョブを開始して、動画内の顔、オブジェクト、人を検出します。この例では、ジョブが完了し、Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) キューをトピックにサブスクライブしたときに、Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) トピックに通知するように Amazon Rekognition を設定します。キューがジョブに関するメッセージを受信すると、ジョブが取得され、結果が出力されます。

この例は GitHub で最もよく見られます。完全なソースコードとセットアップおよび実行の手順については、GitHub で完全な例を参照してください。

この例で使用されているサービス

Amazon Rekognition
Amazon S3
Amazon SES
Amazon SNS
Amazon SQS

次のコード例は、以下の操作方法を示しています。

トピック (FIFO または非 FIFO) を作成します。
フィルターを適用するオプションを使用して、複数のキューをトピックにサブスクライブします。
メッセージをトピックに発行します。
受信したメッセージのキューをポーリングします。

SDK for Python (Boto3)

注記

GitHub には、その他のリソースもあります。用例一覧を検索し、AWS コード例リポジトリでの設定と実行の方法を確認してください。

コマンドプロンプトからインタラクティブなシナリオを実行します。


class TopicsAndQueuesScenario:
    """Manages the Topics and Queues feature scenario."""

    DASHES = "-" * 80

    def __init__(self, sns_wrapper: SnsWrapper, sqs_wrapper: SqsWrapper) -> None:
        """
        Initialize the Topics and Queues scenario.

        :param sns_wrapper: SnsWrapper instance for SNS operations.
        :param sqs_wrapper: SqsWrapper instance for SQS operations.
        """
        self.sns_wrapper = sns_wrapper
        self.sqs_wrapper = sqs_wrapper
        
        # Scenario state
        self.use_fifo_topic = False
        self.use_content_based_deduplication = False
        self.topic_name = None
        self.topic_arn = None
        self.queue_count = 2
        self.queue_urls = []
        self.subscription_arns = []
        self.tones = ["cheerful", "funny", "serious", "sincere"]

    def run_scenario(self) -> None:
        """Run the Topics and Queues feature scenario."""
        print(self.DASHES)
        print("Welcome to messaging with topics and queues.")
        print(self.DASHES)
        print(f"""
    In this scenario, you will create an SNS topic and subscribe {self.queue_count} SQS queues to the topic.
    You can select from several options for configuring the topic and the subscriptions for the queues.
    You can then post to the topic and see the results in the queues.
        """)

        try:
            # Setup Phase
            print(self.DASHES)
            self._setup_topic()
            print(self.DASHES)

            self._setup_queues()
            print(self.DASHES)

            # Demonstration Phase
            self._publish_messages()
            print(self.DASHES)

            # Examination Phase
            self._poll_queues_for_messages()
            print(self.DASHES)

            # Cleanup Phase
            self._cleanup_resources()
            print(self.DASHES)

        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Scenario failed: {e}")
            print(f"There was a problem with the scenario: {e}")
            print("\nInitiating cleanup...")
            try:
                self._cleanup_resources()
            except Exception as cleanup_error:
                logger.error(f"Error during cleanup: {cleanup_error}")

        print("Messaging with topics and queues scenario is complete.")
        print(self.DASHES)

    def _setup_topic(self) -> None:
        """Set up the SNS topic to be used with the queues."""
        print("SNS topics can be configured as FIFO (First-In-First-Out).")
        print("FIFO topics deliver messages in order and support deduplication and message filtering.")
        print()

        self.use_fifo_topic = q.ask("Would you like to work with FIFO topics? (y/n): ", q.is_yesno)

        if self.use_fifo_topic:
            print(self.DASHES)
            self.topic_name = q.ask("Enter a name for your SNS topic: ", q.non_empty)
            print("Because you have selected a FIFO topic, '.fifo' must be appended to the topic name.")
            print()

            print(self.DASHES)
            print("""
    Because you have chosen a FIFO topic, deduplication is supported.
    Deduplication IDs are either set in the message or automatically generated 
    from content using a hash function.
    
    If a message is successfully published to an SNS FIFO topic, any message 
    published and determined to have the same deduplication ID, 
    within the five-minute deduplication interval, is accepted but not delivered.
    
    For more information about deduplication, 
    see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sns/latest/dg/fifo-message-dedup.html.
            """)

            self.use_content_based_deduplication = q.ask(
                "Use content-based deduplication instead of entering a deduplication ID? (y/n): ", 
                q.is_yesno
            )
        else:
            self.topic_name = q.ask("Enter a name for your SNS topic: ", q.non_empty)

        print(self.DASHES)

        # Create the topic
        self.topic_arn = self.sns_wrapper.create_topic(
            self.topic_name, 
            self.use_fifo_topic, 
            self.use_content_based_deduplication
        )

        print(f"Your new topic with the name {self.topic_name}")
        print(f"  and Amazon Resource Name (ARN) {self.topic_arn}")
        print(f"  has been created.")
        print()

    def _setup_queues(self) -> None:
        """Set up the SQS queues and subscribe them to the topic."""
        print(f"Now you will create {self.queue_count} Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queues to subscribe to the topic.")

        for i in range(self.queue_count):
            queue_name = q.ask(f"Enter a name for SQS queue #{i+1}: ", q.non_empty)
            
            if self.use_fifo_topic and i == 0:
                print("Because you have selected a FIFO topic, '.fifo' must be appended to the queue name.")

            # Create the queue
            queue_url = self.sqs_wrapper.create_queue(queue_name, self.use_fifo_topic)
            self.queue_urls.append(queue_url)

            print(f"Your new queue with the name {queue_name}")
            print(f"  and queue URL {queue_url}")
            print(f"  has been created.")
            print()

            if i == 0:
                print("The queue URL is used to retrieve the queue ARN,")
                print("which is used to create a subscription.")
                print(self.DASHES)

            # Get queue ARN
            queue_arn = self.sqs_wrapper.get_queue_arn(queue_url)

            if i == 0:
                print("An AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) policy must be attached to an SQS queue,")
                print("enabling it to receive messages from an SNS topic.")

            # Set queue policy to allow SNS to send messages
            self.sqs_wrapper.set_queue_policy_for_topic(queue_arn, self.topic_arn, queue_url)

            # Set up message filtering if using FIFO
            subscription_arn = self._setup_subscription_with_filter(i, queue_arn, queue_name)
            self.subscription_arns.append(subscription_arn)

    def _setup_subscription_with_filter(self, queue_index: int, queue_arn: str, queue_name: str) -> str:
        """Set up subscription with optional message filtering."""
        filter_policy = None
        
        if self.use_fifo_topic:
            print(self.DASHES)
            if queue_index == 0:
                print("Subscriptions to a FIFO topic can have filters.")
                print("If you add a filter to this subscription, then only the filtered messages")
                print("will be received in the queue.")
                print()
                print("For information about message filtering,")
                print("see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sns/latest/dg/sns-message-filtering.html")
                print()
                print("For this example, you can filter messages by a TONE attribute.")

            use_filter = q.ask(f"Filter messages for {queue_name}'s subscription to the topic? (y/n): ", q.is_yesno)
            
            if use_filter:
                filter_policy = self._create_filter_policy()

        subscription_arn = self.sns_wrapper.subscribe_queue_to_topic(
            self.topic_arn, queue_arn, filter_policy
        )

        print(f"The queue {queue_name} has been subscribed to the topic {self.topic_name}")
        print(f"  with the subscription ARN {subscription_arn}")

        return subscription_arn

    def _create_filter_policy(self) -> str:
        """Create a message filter policy based on user selections."""
        print(self.DASHES)
        print("You can filter messages by one or more of the following TONE attributes.")

        filter_selections = []
        selection_number = 0

        while True:
            print("Enter a number to add a TONE filter, or enter 0 to stop adding filters.")
            for i, tone in enumerate(self.tones, 1):
                print(f"  {i}. {tone}")

            selection = q.ask("Your choice: ", q.is_int, q.in_range(0, len(self.tones)))
            
            if selection == 0:
                break
            elif selection > 0 and self.tones[selection - 1] not in filter_selections:
                filter_selections.append(self.tones[selection - 1])
                print(f"Added '{self.tones[selection - 1]}' to filter list.")

        if filter_selections:
            filters = {"tone": filter_selections}
            return json.dumps(filters)
        return None

    def _publish_messages(self) -> None:
        """Publish messages to the topic with various options."""
        print("Now we can publish messages.")

        keep_sending = True
        while keep_sending:
            print()
            message = q.ask("Enter a message to publish: ", q.non_empty)

            message_group_id = None
            deduplication_id = None
            tone_attribute = None

            if self.use_fifo_topic:
                print("Because you are using a FIFO topic, you must set a message group ID.")
                print("All messages within the same group will be received in the order they were published.")
                print()
                message_group_id = q.ask("Enter a message group ID for this message: ", q.non_empty)

                if not self.use_content_based_deduplication:
                    print("Because you are not using content-based deduplication,")
                    print("you must enter a deduplication ID.")
                    deduplication_id = q.ask("Enter a deduplication ID for this message: ", q.non_empty)

                # Ask about tone attribute
                add_attribute = q.ask("Add an attribute to this message? (y/n): ", q.is_yesno)
                if add_attribute:
                    print("Enter a number for an attribute:")
                    for i, tone in enumerate(self.tones, 1):
                        print(f"  {i}. {tone}")
                    
                    selection = q.ask("Your choice: ", q.is_int, q.in_range(1, len(self.tones)))
                    if 1 <= selection <= len(self.tones):
                        tone_attribute = self.tones[selection - 1]

            # Publish the message
            message_id = self.sns_wrapper.publish_message(
                self.topic_arn,
                message,
                tone_attribute,
                deduplication_id,
                message_group_id
            )

            print(f"Message published with ID: {message_id}")

            keep_sending = q.ask("Send another message? (y/n): ", q.is_yesno)

    def _poll_queues_for_messages(self) -> None:
        """Poll all queues for messages and display results."""
        for i, queue_url in enumerate(self.queue_urls):
            print(f"Polling queue #{i+1} at {queue_url} for messages...")
            
            q.ask("Press Enter to continue...")

            messages = self._poll_queue_for_messages(queue_url)
            
            if messages:
                print(f"{len(messages)} message(s) were received by queue #{i+1}")
                for j, message in enumerate(messages, 1):
                    print(f"  Message {j}:")
                    # Parse the SNS message body to get the actual message
                    try:
                        sns_message = json.loads(message['Body'])
                        actual_message = sns_message.get('Message', message['Body'])
                        print(f"    {actual_message}")
                    except (json.JSONDecodeError, KeyError):
                        print(f"    {message['Body']}")

                # Delete the messages
                self.sqs_wrapper.delete_messages(queue_url, messages)
                print(f"Messages deleted from queue #{i+1}")
            else:
                print(f"No messages received by queue #{i+1}")
            
            print(self.DASHES)

    def _poll_queue_for_messages(self, queue_url: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
        """Poll a single queue for messages."""
        all_messages = []
        max_polls = 3  # Limit polling to avoid infinite loops
        
        for poll_count in range(max_polls):
            messages = self.sqs_wrapper.receive_messages(queue_url, 10)
            
            if messages:
                all_messages.extend(messages)
                print(f"  Received {len(messages)} messages in poll {poll_count + 1}")
                # Small delay between polls
                time.sleep(1)
            else:
                print(f"  No messages in poll {poll_count + 1}")
                break
                
        return all_messages

    def _cleanup_resources(self) -> None:
        """Clean up all resources created during the scenario."""
        print("Cleaning up resources...")

        # Delete queues
        for i, queue_url in enumerate(self.queue_urls):
            if queue_url:
                delete_queue = q.ask(f"Delete queue #{i+1} with URL {queue_url}? (y/n): ", q.is_yesno)
                if delete_queue:
                    try:
                        self.sqs_wrapper.delete_queue(queue_url)
                        print(f"Deleted queue #{i+1}")
                    except Exception as e:
                        print(f"Error deleting queue #{i+1}: {e}")

        # Unsubscribe from topic
        for i, subscription_arn in enumerate(self.subscription_arns):
            if subscription_arn:
                try:
                    self.sns_wrapper.unsubscribe(subscription_arn)
                    print(f"Unsubscribed subscription #{i+1}")
                except Exception as e:
                    print(f"Error unsubscribing #{i+1}: {e}")

        # Delete topic
        if self.topic_arn:
            delete_topic = q.ask(f"Delete topic {self.topic_name}? (y/n): ", q.is_yesno)
            if delete_topic:
                try:
                    self.sns_wrapper.delete_topic(self.topic_arn)
                    print(f"Deleted topic {self.topic_name}")
                except Exception as e:
                    print(f"Error deleting topic: {e}")

        print("Resource cleanup complete.")

シナリオで使用する Amazon SNS および Amazon SQS オペレーションをラップするクラスを作成します。


class SnsWrapper:
    """Wrapper class for managing Amazon SNS operations."""

    def __init__(self, sns_client: Any) -> None:
        """
        Initialize the SnsWrapper.

        :param sns_client: A Boto3 Amazon SNS client.
        """
        self.sns_client = sns_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> 'SnsWrapper':
        """
        Create an SnsWrapper instance using a default boto3 client.

        :return: An instance of this class.
        """
        sns_client = boto3.client('sns')
        return cls(sns_client)


    def create_topic(
        self, 
        topic_name: str, 
        is_fifo: bool = False, 
        content_based_deduplication: bool = False
    ) -> str:
        """
        Create an SNS topic.

        :param topic_name: The name of the topic to create.
        :param is_fifo: Whether to create a FIFO topic.
        :param content_based_deduplication: Whether to use content-based deduplication for FIFO topics.
        :return: The ARN of the created topic.
        :raises ClientError: If the topic creation fails.
        """
        try:
            # Add .fifo suffix for FIFO topics
            if is_fifo and not topic_name.endswith('.fifo'):
                topic_name += '.fifo'

            attributes = {}
            if is_fifo:
                attributes['FifoTopic'] = 'true'
                if content_based_deduplication:
                    attributes['ContentBasedDeduplication'] = 'true'

            response = self.sns_client.create_topic(
                Name=topic_name,
                Attributes=attributes
            )

            topic_arn = response['TopicArn']
            logger.info(f"Created topic: {topic_name} with ARN: {topic_arn}")
            return topic_arn

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error creating topic {topic_name}: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise


    def subscribe_queue_to_topic(
        self, 
        topic_arn: str, 
        queue_arn: str, 
        filter_policy: Optional[str] = None
    ) -> str:
        """
        Subscribe an SQS queue to an SNS topic.

        :param topic_arn: The ARN of the SNS topic.
        :param queue_arn: The ARN of the SQS queue.
        :param filter_policy: Optional JSON filter policy for message filtering.
        :return: The ARN of the subscription.
        :raises ClientError: If the subscription fails.
        """
        try:
            attributes = {}
            if filter_policy:
                attributes['FilterPolicy'] = filter_policy

            response = self.sns_client.subscribe(
                TopicArn=topic_arn,
                Protocol='sqs',
                Endpoint=queue_arn,
                Attributes=attributes
            )

            subscription_arn = response['SubscriptionArn']
            logger.info(f"Subscribed queue {queue_arn} to topic {topic_arn}")
            return subscription_arn

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error subscribing queue to topic: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise


    def publish_message(
        self,
        topic_arn: str,
        message: str,
        tone_attribute: Optional[str] = None,
        deduplication_id: Optional[str] = None,
        message_group_id: Optional[str] = None
    ) -> str:
        """
        Publish a message to an SNS topic.

        :param topic_arn: The ARN of the SNS topic.
        :param message: The message content to publish.
        :param tone_attribute: Optional tone attribute for message filtering.
        :param deduplication_id: Optional deduplication ID for FIFO topics.
        :param message_group_id: Optional message group ID for FIFO topics.
        :return: The message ID of the published message.
        :raises ClientError: If the message publication fails.
        """
        try:
            publish_args = {
                'TopicArn': topic_arn,
                'Message': message
            }

            # Add message attributes if tone is specified
            if tone_attribute:
                publish_args['MessageAttributes'] = {
                    'tone': {
                        'DataType': 'String',
                        'StringValue': tone_attribute
                    }
                }

            # Add FIFO-specific parameters
            if message_group_id:
                publish_args['MessageGroupId'] = message_group_id

            if deduplication_id:
                publish_args['MessageDeduplicationId'] = deduplication_id

            response = self.sns_client.publish(**publish_args)

            message_id = response['MessageId']
            logger.info(f"Published message to topic {topic_arn} with ID: {message_id}")
            return message_id

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error publishing message to topic: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise


    def unsubscribe(self, subscription_arn: str) -> bool:
        """
        Unsubscribe from an SNS topic.

        :param subscription_arn: The ARN of the subscription to remove.
        :return: True if successful.
        :raises ClientError: If the unsubscribe operation fails.
        """
        try:
            self.sns_client.unsubscribe(SubscriptionArn=subscription_arn)
            
            logger.info(f"Unsubscribed: {subscription_arn}")
            return True

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            
            if error_code == 'NotFound':
                logger.warning(f"Subscription not found: {subscription_arn}")
                return True  # Already unsubscribed
            else:
                logger.error(f"Error unsubscribing: {error_code} - {e}")
                raise


    def delete_topic(self, topic_arn: str) -> bool:
        """
        Delete an SNS topic.

        :param topic_arn: The ARN of the topic to delete.
        :return: True if successful.
        :raises ClientError: If the topic deletion fails.
        """
        try:
            self.sns_client.delete_topic(TopicArn=topic_arn)
            
            logger.info(f"Deleted topic: {topic_arn}")
            return True

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            
            if error_code == 'NotFound':
                logger.warning(f"Topic not found: {topic_arn}")
                return True  # Already deleted
            else:
                logger.error(f"Error deleting topic: {error_code} - {e}")
                raise


    def list_topics(self) -> list:
        """
        List all SNS topics in the account using pagination.

        :return: List of topic ARNs.
        :raises ClientError: If listing topics fails.
        """
        try:
            topics = []
            paginator = self.sns_client.get_paginator('list_topics')
            
            for page in paginator.paginate():
                topics.extend([topic['TopicArn'] for topic in page.get('Topics', [])])
            
            logger.info(f"Found {len(topics)} topics")
            return topics

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            if error_code == 'AuthorizationError':
                logger.error("Authorization error listing topics - check IAM permissions")
            else:
                logger.error(f"Error listing topics: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise


class SqsWrapper:
    """Wrapper class for managing Amazon SQS operations."""

    def __init__(self, sqs_client: Any) -> None:
        """
        Initialize the SqsWrapper.

        :param sqs_client: A Boto3 Amazon SQS client.
        """
        self.sqs_client = sqs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> 'SqsWrapper':
        """
        Create an SqsWrapper instance using a default boto3 client.

        :return: An instance of this class.
        """
        sqs_client = boto3.client('sqs')
        return cls(sqs_client)


    def create_queue(self, queue_name: str, is_fifo: bool = False) -> str:
        """
        Create an SQS queue.

        :param queue_name: The name of the queue to create.
        :param is_fifo: Whether to create a FIFO queue.
        :return: The URL of the created queue.
        :raises ClientError: If the queue creation fails.
        """
        try:
            # Add .fifo suffix for FIFO queues
            if is_fifo and not queue_name.endswith('.fifo'):
                queue_name += '.fifo'

            attributes = {}
            if is_fifo:
                attributes['FifoQueue'] = 'true'

            response = self.sqs_client.create_queue(
                QueueName=queue_name,
                Attributes=attributes
            )

            queue_url = response['QueueUrl']
            logger.info(f"Created queue: {queue_name} with URL: {queue_url}")
            return queue_url

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error creating queue {queue_name}: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise


    def get_queue_arn(self, queue_url: str) -> str:
        """
        Get the ARN of an SQS queue.

        :param queue_url: The URL of the queue.
        :return: The ARN of the queue.
        :raises ClientError: If getting queue attributes fails.
        """
        try:
            response = self.sqs_client.get_queue_attributes(
                QueueUrl=queue_url,
                AttributeNames=['QueueArn']
            )

            queue_arn = response['Attributes']['QueueArn']
            logger.info(f"Queue ARN for {queue_url}: {queue_arn}")
            return queue_arn

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error getting queue ARN: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise


    def set_queue_policy_for_topic(self, queue_arn: str, topic_arn: str, queue_url: str) -> bool:
        """
        Set the queue policy to allow SNS to send messages to the queue.

        :param queue_arn: The ARN of the SQS queue.
        :param topic_arn: The ARN of the SNS topic.
        :param queue_url: The URL of the SQS queue.
        :return: True if successful.
        :raises ClientError: If setting the queue policy fails.
        """
        try:
            # Create policy that allows SNS to send messages to the queue
            policy = {
                "Version":"2012-10-17",		 	 	 
                "Statement": [
                    {
                        "Effect": "Allow",
                        "Principal": {
                            "Service": "sns.amazonaws.com"
                        },
                        "Action": "sqs:SendMessage",
                        "Resource": queue_arn,
                        "Condition": {
                            "ArnEquals": {
                                "aws:SourceArn": topic_arn
                            }
                        }
                    }
                ]
            }

            self.sqs_client.set_queue_attributes(
                QueueUrl=queue_url,
                Attributes={
                    'Policy': json.dumps(policy)
                }
            )

            logger.info(f"Set queue policy for {queue_url} to allow messages from {topic_arn}")
            return True

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error setting queue policy: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise


    def receive_messages(self, queue_url: str, max_messages: int = 10) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
        """
        Receive messages from an SQS queue.

        :param queue_url: The URL of the queue to receive messages from.
        :param max_messages: Maximum number of messages to receive (1-10).
        :return: List of received messages.
        :raises ClientError: If receiving messages fails.
        """
        try:
            # Ensure max_messages is within valid range
            max_messages = max(1, min(10, max_messages))

            response = self.sqs_client.receive_message(
                QueueUrl=queue_url,
                MaxNumberOfMessages=max_messages,
                WaitTimeSeconds=2,  # Short polling
                MessageAttributeNames=['All']
            )

            messages = response.get('Messages', [])
            logger.info(f"Received {len(messages)} messages from {queue_url}")
            return messages

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error receiving messages: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise


    def delete_messages(self, queue_url: str, messages: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> bool:
        """
        Delete messages from an SQS queue in batches.

        :param queue_url: The URL of the queue.
        :param messages: List of messages to delete.
        :return: True if successful.
        :raises ClientError: If deleting messages fails.
        """
        try:
            if not messages:
                return True

            # Build delete entries for batch delete
            delete_entries = []
            for i, message in enumerate(messages):
                delete_entries.append({
                    'Id': str(i),
                    'ReceiptHandle': message['ReceiptHandle']
                })

            # Delete messages in batches of 10 (SQS limit)
            batch_size = 10
            for i in range(0, len(delete_entries), batch_size):
                batch = delete_entries[i:i + batch_size]
                
                response = self.sqs_client.delete_message_batch(
                    QueueUrl=queue_url,
                    Entries=batch
                )

                # Check for failures
                if 'Failed' in response and response['Failed']:
                    for failed in response['Failed']:
                        logger.warning(f"Failed to delete message: {failed}")

            logger.info(f"Deleted {len(messages)} messages from {queue_url}")
            return True

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error deleting messages: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise


    def delete_queue(self, queue_url: str) -> bool:
        """
        Delete an SQS queue.

        :param queue_url: The URL of the queue to delete.
        :return: True if successful.
        :raises ClientError: If the queue deletion fails.
        """
        try:
            self.sqs_client.delete_queue(QueueUrl=queue_url)
            
            logger.info(f"Deleted queue: {queue_url}")
            return True

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            
            if error_code == 'AWS.SimpleQueueService.NonExistentQueue':
                logger.warning(f"Queue not found: {queue_url}")
                return True  # Already deleted
            else:
                logger.error(f"Error deleting queue: {error_code} - {e}")
                raise


    def list_queues(self, queue_name_prefix: Optional[str] = None) -> List[str]:
        """
        List all SQS queues in the account using pagination.

        :param queue_name_prefix: Optional prefix to filter queue names.
        :return: List of queue URLs.
        :raises ClientError: If listing queues fails.
        """
        try:
            queue_urls = []
            paginator = self.sqs_client.get_paginator('list_queues')
            
            page_params = {}
            if queue_name_prefix:
                page_params['QueueNamePrefix'] = queue_name_prefix

            for page in paginator.paginate(**page_params):
                queue_urls.extend(page.get('QueueUrls', []))
            
            logger.info(f"Found {len(queue_urls)} queues")
            return queue_urls

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            if error_code == 'AccessDenied':
                logger.error("Access denied listing queues - check IAM permissions")
            else:
                logger.error(f"Error listing queues: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise

    def send_message(self, queue_url: str, message_body: str, **kwargs) -> str:
        """
        Send a message to an SQS queue.

        :param queue_url: The URL of the queue.
        :param message_body: The message content.
        :param kwargs: Additional message parameters (DelaySeconds, MessageAttributes, etc.).
        :return: The message ID.
        :raises ClientError: If sending the message fails.
        """
        try:
            send_params = {
                'QueueUrl': queue_url,
                'MessageBody': message_body,
                **kwargs
            }

            response = self.sqs_client.send_message(**send_params)
            
            message_id = response['MessageId']
            logger.info(f"Sent message to {queue_url} with ID: {message_id}")
            return message_id

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error sending message: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise

API の詳細については、「AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) API リファレンス」の以下のトピックを参照してください。

次のコード例は、以下の操作方法を示しています。

Amazon SQS キューを作成します。
キューにバッチメッセージを送信します。
キューからバッチメッセージを受信します。
キューからバッチメッセージを受信します。

SDK for Python (Boto3)

注記

GitHub には、その他のリソースもあります。用例一覧を検索し、AWS コード例リポジトリでの設定と実行の方法を確認してください。

Amazon SQS メッセージ関数をラップする関数を作成します。


import logging
import sys

import boto3
from botocore.exceptions import ClientError

import queue_wrapper

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
sqs = boto3.resource("sqs")

def send_messages(queue, messages):
    """
    Send a batch of messages in a single request to an SQS queue.
    This request may return overall success even when some messages were not sent.
    The caller must inspect the Successful and Failed lists in the response and
    resend any failed messages.

    :param queue: The queue to receive the messages.
    :param messages: The messages to send to the queue. These are simplified to
                     contain only the message body and attributes.
    :return: The response from SQS that contains the list of successful and failed
             messages.
    """
    try:
        entries = [
            {
                "Id": str(ind),
                "MessageBody": msg["body"],
                "MessageAttributes": msg["attributes"],
            }
            for ind, msg in enumerate(messages)
        ]
        response = queue.send_messages(Entries=entries)
        if "Successful" in response:
            for msg_meta in response["Successful"]:
                logger.info(
                    "Message sent: %s: %s",
                    msg_meta["MessageId"],
                    messages[int(msg_meta["Id"])]["body"],
                )
        if "Failed" in response:
            for msg_meta in response["Failed"]:
                logger.warning(
                    "Failed to send: %s: %s",
                    msg_meta["MessageId"],
                    messages[int(msg_meta["Id"])]["body"],
                )
    except ClientError as error:
        logger.exception("Send messages failed to queue: %s", queue)
        raise error
    else:
        return response



def receive_messages(queue, max_number, wait_time):
    """
    Receive a batch of messages in a single request from an SQS queue.

    :param queue: The queue from which to receive messages.
    :param max_number: The maximum number of messages to receive. The actual number
                       of messages received might be less.
    :param wait_time: The maximum time to wait (in seconds) before returning. When
                      this number is greater than zero, long polling is used. This
                      can result in reduced costs and fewer false empty responses.
    :return: The list of Message objects received. These each contain the body
             of the message and metadata and custom attributes.
    """
    try:
        messages = queue.receive_messages(
            MessageAttributeNames=["All"],
            MaxNumberOfMessages=max_number,
            WaitTimeSeconds=wait_time,
        )
        for msg in messages:
            logger.info("Received message: %s: %s", msg.message_id, msg.body)
    except ClientError as error:
        logger.exception("Couldn't receive messages from queue: %s", queue)
        raise error
    else:
        return messages



def delete_messages(queue, messages):
    """
    Delete a batch of messages from a queue in a single request.

    :param queue: The queue from which to delete the messages.
    :param messages: The list of messages to delete.
    :return: The response from SQS that contains the list of successful and failed
             message deletions.
    """
    try:
        entries = [
            {"Id": str(ind), "ReceiptHandle": msg.receipt_handle}
            for ind, msg in enumerate(messages)
        ]
        response = queue.delete_messages(Entries=entries)
        if "Successful" in response:
            for msg_meta in response["Successful"]:
                logger.info("Deleted %s", messages[int(msg_meta["Id"])].receipt_handle)
        if "Failed" in response:
            for msg_meta in response["Failed"]:
                logger.warning(
                    "Could not delete %s", messages[int(msg_meta["Id"])].receipt_handle
                )
    except ClientError:
        logger.exception("Couldn't delete messages from queue %s", queue)
    else:
        return response

ラッパー関数を使用してメッセージをバッチで送受信します。


def usage_demo():
    """
    Shows how to:
    * Read the lines from this Python file and send the lines in
      batches of 10 as messages to a queue.
    * Receive the messages in batches until the queue is empty.
    * Reassemble the lines of the file and verify they match the original file.
    """

    def pack_message(msg_path, msg_body, msg_line):
        return {
            "body": msg_body,
            "attributes": {
                "path": {"StringValue": msg_path, "DataType": "String"},
                "line": {"StringValue": str(msg_line), "DataType": "String"},
            },
        }

    def unpack_message(msg):
        return (
            msg.message_attributes["path"]["StringValue"],
            msg.body,
            int(msg.message_attributes["line"]["StringValue"]),
        )

    print("-" * 88)
    print("Welcome to the Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) demo!")
    print("-" * 88)

    queue = queue_wrapper.create_queue("sqs-usage-demo-message-wrapper")

    with open(__file__) as file:
        lines = file.readlines()

    line = 0
    batch_size = 10
    received_lines = [None] * len(lines)
    print(f"Sending file lines in batches of {batch_size} as messages.")
    while line < len(lines):
        messages = [
            pack_message(__file__, lines[index], index)
            for index in range(line, min(line + batch_size, len(lines)))
        ]
        line = line + batch_size
        send_messages(queue, messages)
        print(".", end="")
        sys.stdout.flush()
    print(f"Done. Sent {len(lines) - 1} messages.")

    print(f"Receiving, handling, and deleting messages in batches of {batch_size}.")
    more_messages = True
    while more_messages:
        received_messages = receive_messages(queue, batch_size, 2)
        print(".", end="")
        sys.stdout.flush()
        for message in received_messages:
            path, body, line = unpack_message(message)
            received_lines[line] = body
        if received_messages:
            delete_messages(queue, received_messages)
        else:
            more_messages = False
    print("Done.")

    if all([lines[index] == received_lines[index] for index in range(len(lines))]):
        print(f"Successfully reassembled all file lines!")
    else:
        print(f"Uh oh, some lines were missed!")

    queue.delete()

    print("Thanks for watching!")
    print("-" * 88)

API の詳細については、「AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) API リファレンス」の以下のトピックを参照してください。

サーバーレスサンプル

次のコード例では、SQS キューからメッセージを受信することによってトリガーされるイベントを受け取る、Lambda 関数の実装方法を示しています。この関数はイベントパラメータからメッセージを取得し、各メッセージの内容を記録します。

SDK for Python (Boto3)

注記

GitHub には、その他のリソースもあります。サーバーレスサンプルリポジトリで完全な例を見つけて、設定と実行の方法を確認してください。

Python を使用した Lambda での SQS イベントの消費。


# Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
def lambda_handler(event, context):
    for message in event['Records']:
        process_message(message)
    print("done")

def process_message(message):
    try:
        print(f"Processed message {message['body']}")
        # TODO: Do interesting work based on the new message
    except Exception as err:
        print("An error occurred")
        raise err

以下のコード例では、SQS キューからイベントを受け取る Lambda 関数のための、部分的なバッチレスポンスの実装方法を示しています。この関数は、レスポンスとしてバッチアイテムの失敗を報告し、対象のメッセージを後で再試行するよう Lambda に伝えます。

SDK for Python (Boto3)

注記

GitHub には、その他のリソースもあります。サーバーレスサンプルリポジトリで完全な例を見つけて、設定と実行の方法を確認してください。

Python を使用した Lambda での SQS バッチアイテム失敗のレポート。


# Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

def lambda_handler(event, context):
    if event:
        batch_item_failures = []
        sqs_batch_response = {}
     
        for record in event["Records"]:
            try:
                print(f"Processed message: {record['body']}")
            except Exception as e:
                batch_item_failures.append({"itemIdentifier": record['messageId']})
        
        sqs_batch_response["batchItemFailures"] = batch_item_failures
        return sqs_batch_response

ブラウザで JavaScript が無効になっているか、使用できません。

AWS ドキュメントを使用するには、JavaScript を有効にする必要があります。手順については、使用するブラウザのヘルプページを参照してください。

ドキュメントの表記規則

Amazon SNS

ステップ関数