After careful consideration, we have decided to discontinue Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for SQL applications:

1. From **September 1, 2025**, we won't provide any bug fixes for Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for SQL applications because we will have limited support for it, given the upcoming discontinuation.

2. From **October 15, 2025**, you will not be able to create new Kinesis Data Analytics for SQL applications.

3. We will delete your applications starting **January 27, 2026**. You will not be able to start or operate your Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for SQL applications. Support will no longer be available for Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for SQL from that time. For more information, see [Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for SQL Applications discontinuation](discontinuation.md).

# Step 4 (Optional) Edit the Schema and SQL Code Using the Console
<a name="console-feature-summary"></a>

Following, you can find information about how to edit an inferred schema and how to edit SQL code for Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics. You do so by working with the schema editor and SQL editor that are part of the Kinesis Data Analytics console. 

**Note**  
To access or sample data in the console, your login user's role must have the `kinesisanalytics:GetApplicationState` permission. For more information about Kinesis Data Analytics application permissions, see [Overview of Managing Access](access-control-overview.md).

**Topics**
+ [Working with the Schema Editor](console-summary-edit-schema.md)
+ [Working with the SQL Editor](console-summary-sql-editor.md)

# Working with the Schema Editor
<a name="console-summary-edit-schema"></a>

The schema for an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics application's input stream defines how data from the stream is made available to SQL queries in the application. 

![\[Diagram showing relationship between streaming input, source schema configuration, and in-application input streams\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesisanalytics/latest/dev/images/edit-schema-diagram.png)


The schema contains selection criteria for determining what part of the streaming input is transformed into a data column in the in-application input stream. This input can be one of the following: 
+ A JSONPath expression for JSON input streams. JSONPath is a tool for querying JSON data.
+ A column number for input streams in comma-separated values (CSV) format.
+ A column name and a SQL data type for presenting the data in the in-application data stream. The data type also contains a length for character or binary data.

The console attempts to generate the schema using [DiscoverInputSchema](API_DiscoverInputSchema.md). If schema discovery fails or returns an incorrect or incomplete schema, you must edit the schema manually by using the schema editor.

## Schema Editor Main Screen
<a name="schema_editor"></a>

The following screenshot shows the main screen for the Schema Editor.

![\[Screenshot of edit schema page.\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesisanalytics/latest/dev/images/edit-schema-overview.png)


You can apply the following edits to the schema:
+ Add a column (1): You might need to add a data column if a data item is not detected automatically.
+ Delete a column (2): You can exclude data from the source stream if your application doesn't require it. This exclusion doesn't affect the data in the source stream. If data is excluded, that data simply isn't made available to the application.
+ Rename a column (3). A column name can't be blank, must be longer than a single character, and must not contain reserved SQL keywords. The name must also meet naming criteria for SQL ordinary identifiers: The name must start with a letter and contain only letters, underscore characters, and digits.
+ Change the data type (4) or length (5) of a column: You can specify a compatible data type for a column. If you specify an incompatible data type, the column is either populated with NULL or the in-application stream is not populated at all. In the latter case, errors are written to the error stream. If you specify a length for a column that is too small, the incoming data is truncated.
+ Change the selection criteria of a column (6): You can edit the JSONPath expression or CSV column order used to determine the source of the data in a column. To change the selection criteria for a JSON schema, enter a new value for the row path expression. A CSV schema uses the column order as selection criteria. To change the selection criteria for a CSV schema, change the order of the columns.

## Editing the Schema for a Streaming Source
<a name="editing_schema"></a>

If you need to edit a schema for a streaming source, follow these steps.

**To edit the schema for a streaming source**

1. On the **Source** page, choose **Edit schema**.  
![\[Screenshot of formatted stream sample tab containing stock data, with the edit schema button highlighted.\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesisanalytics/latest/dev/images/edit-schema-1.png)

1. On the **Edit schema** page, edit the source schema.  
![\[Screenshot of edit schema page.\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesisanalytics/latest/dev/images/edit-schema-0.png)

1. For **Format**, choose **JSON** or **CSV**. For JSON or CSV format, the supported encoding is ISO 8859-1.

For further information on editing the schema for JSON or CSV format, see the procedures in the next sections.

### Editing a JSON Schema
<a name="edit_json_schema"></a>

You can edit a JSON schema by using the following steps.

**To edit a JSON schema**

1. In the schema editor, choose **Add column** to add a column. 

   A new column appears in the first column position. To change the column order, choose the up and down arrows next to the column name. 

   For a new column, provide the following information:
   + For **Column name**, type a name. 

     A column name cannot be blank, must be longer than a single character, and must not contain reserved SQL keywords. It must also meet naming criteria for SQL ordinary identifiers: It must start with a letter and contain only letters, underscore characters, and digits.
   + For **Column type**, type an SQL data type. 

     A column type can be any supported SQL data type. If the new data type is CHAR, VARBINARY, or VARCHAR, specify a data length for **Length**. For more information, see [Data Types](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesisanalytics/latest/sqlref/sql-reference-data-types.html).
   + For **Row path**, provide a row path. A row path is a valid JSONPath expression that maps to a JSON element. 
**Note**  
The base **Row path** value is the path to the top-level parent that contains the data to be imported. This value is **\$1** by default. For more information, see `RecordRowPath` in `[JSONMappingParameters](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesisanalytics/latest/dev/API_JSONMappingParameters.html)`.

1. To delete a column, choose the **x** icon next to the column number.  
![\[Screenshot of schema editor showing the x icon next to the column number.\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesisanalytics/latest/dev/images/edit-schema-delete.png)

1. To rename a column, enter a new name for **Column name**. The new column name cannot be blank, must be longer than a single character, and must not contain reserved SQL keywords. It must also meet naming criteria for SQL ordinary identifiers: It must start with a letter and contain only letters, underscore characters, and digits.

1. To change the data type of a column, choose a new data type for **Column type**. If the new data type is `CHAR`, `VARBINARY`, or `VARCHAR`, specify a data length for **Length**. For more information, see [Data Types](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesisanalytics/latest/sqlref/sql-reference-data-types.html).

1. Choose **Save schema and update stream** to save your changes.

The modified schema appears in the editor and looks similar to the following.

![\[Screenshot of schema editor showing the modified schema.\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesisanalytics/latest/dev/images/edit-schema-2.png)


If your schema has many rows, you can filter the rows using **Filter by column name**. For example, to edit column names that start with `P`, such as a `Price` column, enter `P` in the **Filter by column name** box.

### Editing a CSV Schema
<a name="edit_csv_schema"></a>

You can edit a CSV schema by using the following steps.

**To edit a CSV schema**

1. In the schema editor, for **Row delimiter**, choose the delimiter used by your incoming data stream. This is the delimiter between records of data in your stream, such as a newline character.

1. For **Column delimiter**, choose the delimiter used by your incoming data stream. This is the delimiter between fields of data in your stream, such as a comma.

1. To add a column, choose **Add column**. 

   A new column appears in the first column position. To change the column order, choose the up and down arrows next to the column name. 

   For a new column, provide the following information:
   + For **Column name**, enter a name. 

     A column name cannot be blank, must be longer than a single character, and must not contain reserved SQL keywords. It must also meet naming criteria for SQL ordinary identifiers: It must start with a letter and contain only letters, underscore characters, and digits.
   + For **Column type**, enter a SQL data type. 

     A column type can be any supported SQL data type. If the new data type is CHAR, VARBINARY, or VARCHAR, specify a data length for **Length**. For more information, see [Data Types](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesisanalytics/latest/sqlref/sql-reference-data-types.html).

1. To delete a column, choose the **x** icon next to the column number.  
![\[Screenshot of schema editor showing the x icon next to the column number.\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesisanalytics/latest/dev/images/edit-schema-delete.png)

1. To rename a column, enter a new name in **Column name**. The new column name cannot be blank, must be longer than a single character, and must not contain reserved SQL keywords. It must also meet naming criteria for SQL ordinary identifiers: It must start with a letter and contain only letters, underscore characters, and digits.

1. To change the data type of a column, choose a new data type for **Column type**. If the new data type is CHAR, VARBINARY, or VARCHAR, specify a data length for **Length**. For more information, see [Data Types](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesisanalytics/latest/sqlref/sql-reference-data-types.html).

1. Choose **Save schema and update stream** to save your changes.

The modified schema appears in the editor and looks similar to the following.

![\[Screenshot of schema editor showing the modified schema.\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesisanalytics/latest/dev/images/edit-schema-3.png)


If your schema has many rows, you can filter the rows using **Filter by column name**. For example, to edit column names that start with `P`, such as a `Price` column, enter `P` in the **Filter by column name** box.

# Working with the SQL Editor
<a name="console-summary-sql-editor"></a>

Following, you can find information about sections of the SQL editor and how each works. In the SQL editor, you can either author your own code yourself or choose **Add SQL from templates**. A SQL template gives you example SQL code that can help you write common Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics applications. The example applications in this guide use some of these templates. For more information, see [Kinesis Data Analytics for SQL examples](examples.md).

![\[Screenshot of the SQL editor showing the real-time analytics tab and in-application streams.\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesisanalytics/latest/dev/images/gs-v2-50.png)


## Source Data Tab
<a name="console-summary-source-data"></a>

The **Source data** tab identifies a streaming source. It also identifies the in-application input stream that this source maps to and that provides the application input configuration. 

![\[Screenshot of the SQL editor showing the source data tab with the streaming source highlighted.\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesisanalytics/latest/dev/images/gs-v2-60.png)


Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics provides the following timestamp columns, so that you don't need to provide explicit mapping in your input configuration: 
+ **ROWTIME** – Each row in an in-application stream has a special column called `ROWTIME`. This column is the timestamp for the point when Kinesis Data Analytics inserted the row in the first in-application stream. 
+ **Approximate\$1Arrival\$1Time** – Records on your streaming source include the `Approximate_Arrival_Timestamp` column. It is the approximate arrival timestamp that is set when the streaming source successfully receives and stores the related record. Kinesis Data Analytics fetches this column into the in-application input stream as `Approximate_Arrival_Time`. Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics provides this column only in the in-application input stream that is mapped to the streaming source. 

These timestamp values are useful in windowed queries that are time-based. For more information, see [Windowed Queries](windowed-sql.md).

## Real-Time Analytics Tab
<a name="console-summary-realtime-analytics"></a>

The **Real-time analytics** tab shows all the in-application streams that your application code creates. This group of streams includes the error stream (`error_stream`) that Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics provides for all applications. 

![\[Screenshot of the SQL editor showing the real-time analytics tab with in-application streams highlighted.\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesisanalytics/latest/dev/images/gs-v2-70.png)


## Destination Tab
<a name="console-summary-destination"></a>

The **Destination** tab enables you to configure the application output to persist in-application streams to external destinations. You can configure output to persist data in any of the in-application streams to external destinations. For more information, see [Configuring Application Output](how-it-works-output.md).