Pre-requisites Sample Python code Next steps

Sample Python code to generate presigned URL

The following code shows an example for generating the pre-signed URL using Python as the programming language.

Pre-requisites

To use the Python programming language to generate requests, you must have:

Python installed on your computer. You can either run the following command or download the Python installer and then run it.
```
sudo apt install python3
```
The Python requests library. You can either run the following command or download the Requests library, which is used in the example script to make web requests.
```
pip install requests
```
An access key that consists of the access key ID and secret access key in environment variables named AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY. Alternatively, you can keep these values in a credentials file and read them from that file.

Note
As a best practice, we recommend that you do not embed credentials in code. For more information, see Best Practices for AWS accounts in the AWS account Management Reference Guide.
```
$ export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=My_Access_Key
$ export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=My_Secret_Key

# Session token is required only if you use temporary access key starting with "ASIA"
$ export AWS_SESSION_TOKEN=My_Session_token
```

Sample Python code

This Python code generates the pre-signed URL that the WebSocket library can use to send requests to the service. The function creates a canonical request, then creates the string to sign which is used to calculate the signature, and then adds the signature to the HTTP request to create the pre-signed URL. You can then use the WebSocket library to request the pre-signed URL.

To run the script, generate_presigned_url.py, run the following command if you're running it from the same path where the script is located.


python generate_presigned_url.py

The following shows the contents of the generate_presigned_url.py script.


# Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

#  Version 4 signing example

"""
    Sample Python code to generate the pre-signed URL. You can 
    change the parameters in this code to your own values, such 
    as the variables that are required for the request URL, the 
    network analyzer configuration name, and Region.    
"""

# ------------------------------------------------------------------
# Step 1. Import the required libraries and define the functions
# sign and getSignatureKey that will be used to derive a signing key.
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
import sys, os, base64, datetime, hashlib, hmac, urllib.pars
import requests     # pip install requests

def sign(key, msg):
    return hmac.new(key, msg.encode("utf-8"), hashlib.sha256).digest()

def getSignatureKey(key, dateStamp, regionName, serviceName):
    kDate = sign(("AWS4" + key).encode("utf-8"), dateStamp)
    kRegion = sign(kDate, regionName)
    kService = sign(kRegion, serviceName)
    kSigning = sign(kService, "aws4_request")
    return kSigning

# ------------------------------------------------------------------
# Step 2. Define the variables required for the request URL. Replace 
# values for the variables, such as region, with your own values.
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
method = "GET"
service = "iotwireless"
region = "us-east-1"

# Host and endpoint information.
host = "api.iotwireless." + region + ".amazonaws.com"
endpoint = "wss://" + host

# Create a date for headers and the credential string. 
t = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
amz_date = t.strftime("%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ")

# For date stamp, the date without time is used in credential scope.
datestamp = t.strftime("%Y%m%d") 

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Step 3. Create the canonical URI and canonical headers for the request.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
canonical_uri = "/start-network-analyzer-stream"
configuration_name = "My_Network_Analyzer_Config"

canonical_headers = "host:" + host + "\n"
signed_headers = "host"
algorithm = "AWS4-HMAC-SHA256"
credential_scope = datestamp + "/" + region + "/" + service + "/" + "aws4_request"

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Step 4. Read the  credentials that are required for the request 
# from environment variables or configuration file.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------

# IMPORTANT: Best practice is NOT to embed credentials in code.

access_key = os.environ.get("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID")
secret_key = os.environ.get("AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY")
token = os.environ.get("AWS_SESSION_TOKEN")
	 
if access_key is None or secret_key is None:
    print("No access key is available.")
    sys.exit()
	 
if access_key.startswith("ASIA") and token is None:
    print("Detected temporary credentials. You must specify a token.")
    sys.exit()

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Step 5. Create the canonical query string. Query string values must be 
# URI-encoded and sorted by name. Query headers must in alphabetical order.
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    canonical_querystring  = "X-Amz-Algorithm=" + algorithm

    canonical_querystring += "&X-Amz-Credential=" + \ 
    urllib.parse.quote(access_key + "/" + credential_scope, safe="-_.~")

    canonical_querystring += "&X-Amz-Date=" + amz_date
    canonical_querystring += "&X-Amz-Expires=300"

    if access_key.startswith("ASIA"):
        # percent encode the token and double encode "="
        canonical_querystring += "&X-Amz-Security-Token=" + \ 
        urllib.parse.quote(token, safe="-_.~").replace("=", "%253D")
    
    canonical_querystring += "&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=" + signed_headers
    canonical_querystring += "&configuration-name=" + configuration_name

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Step 6. Create a hash of the payload.
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
payload_hash = hashlib.sha256(("").encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()

# ------------------------------------------------------------------
# Step 7. Combine the elements, which includes the query string, the
# headers, and the payload hash, to form the canonical request.
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
canonical_request = method + "\n" + canonical_uri + "\n" + canonical_querystring \ 
+ "\n" + canonical_headers + "\n" + signed_headers + "\n" + payload_hash

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Step 8. Create the metadata string to store the information required to
# calculate the signature in the following step.
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
string_to_sign = algorithm + "\n" + amz_date + "\n" + \ 
credential_scope + "\n" + hashlib.sha256(canonical_request.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Step 9. Calculate the signature by using a signing key that"s obtained
# from your secret key. 
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Create the signing key from your  secret key.
signing_key = getSignatureKey(secret_key, datestamp, region, service)
	 
# Sign the string_to_sign using the signing key.
signature = hmac.new(signing_key, (string_to_sign).encode("utf-8"), hashlib.sha256).hexdigest()

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Step 10. Create the request URL using the calculated signature and by
# combining it with the canonical URI and the query string.
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
canonical_querystring += "&X-Amz-Signature=" + signature
	 
request_url = endpoint + canonical_uri + "?" + canonical_querystring
	 
print("\n-----------PRESIGNED URL-----------")
print(request_url)

Next steps

You can now use the request URL with your WebSocket library to make the request to the service and observe the messages.

To install a WebSocket library to use with Python, run the following command. For information about how you can use a WebSocket client with Python, see WebSocket client for Python with low level API options.


pip install websocket-client

After you install the client and make the request, you'll see messages and status codes that indicate the status of your request. For more information, see WebSocket messages and status codes.

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Document Conventions

Generate a presigned request

WebSocket messages and status codes

Sample Python code to generate presigned URL

Pre-requisites

Note

Sample Python code

Next steps