Discovering sensitive data with Amazon Macie - Amazon Macie

Discovering sensitive data with Amazon Macie

With Amazon Macie, you can automate discovery, logging, and reporting of sensitive data in your Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) data estate. You can do this in two ways: by configuring Macie to perform automated sensitive data discovery for your account or organization, and by creating and running sensitive data discovery jobs for your account or organization.

Automated sensitive data discovery

Automated sensitive data discovery provides broad visibility into where sensitive data might reside in your Amazon S3 data estate. With this option, Macie evaluates your S3 bucket inventory on a daily basis and uses sampling techniques to identify and select representative S3 objects from your buckets. Macie then retrieves and analyzes the selected objects, inspecting them for sensitive data. For more information, see Performing automated sensitive data discovery.

Sensitive data discovery jobs

Sensitive data discovery jobs provide deeper, more targeted analysis. With this option, you define the breadth and depth of the analysis—specific S3 buckets that you select or buckets that match specific criteria. You can also refine the scope of the analysis by choosing options such as custom criteria that derive from properties of S3 objects. In addition, you can configure a job to run only once for on-demand analysis and assessment, or on a recurring basis for periodic analysis, assessment, and monitoring. For more information, see Running sensitive data discovery jobs.

With either option, automated sensitive data discovery or sensitive data discovery jobs, you can analyze S3 objects by using managed data identifiers that Macie provides, custom data identifiers that you define, or a combination of the two. You can also fine tune the analysis by using allow lists.

Managed data identifiers

Managed data identifiers are built-in criteria and techniques that are designed to detect specific types of sensitive data—for example, credit card numbers, AWS secret access keys, or passport numbers for particular countries or regions. They can detect a large and growing list of sensitive data types for many countries and regions, including multiple types of credentials data, financial information, and personally identifiable information (PII). For more information, see Using managed data identifiers.

Custom data identifiers

Custom data identifiers define custom criteria for detecting sensitive data. Each custom data identifier specifies a regular expression (regex) that defines a text pattern to match and, optionally, character sequences and a proximity rule that refine the results. You can use them to detect sensitive data that reflects your particular scenarios, intellectual property, or proprietary data—for example, employee IDs, customer account numbers, or internal data classifications. For more information, see Building custom data identifiers.

Allow lists

In Macie, allow lists specify text and text patterns to ignore in S3 objects, typically sensitive data exceptions for your particular scenarios or environment—for example, public names or phone numbers for your organization, or sample data that your organization uses for testing. If Macie finds text that matches an entry or pattern in an allow list, Macie doesn’t report that occurrence of text, even if the text matches the criteria of a managed data identifier or custom data identifier. For more information, see Defining sensitive data exceptions with allow lists.

When Macie analyzes an S3 object, Macie retrieves the latest version of the object from Amazon S3, and then inspects the object's contents for sensitive data. Macie can analyze an object if the following is true:

To help you meet and maintain compliance with your data security and privacy requirements, Macie produces records of the sensitive data that it finds and the analysis that it performs—sensitive data findings and sensitive data discovery results. A sensitive data finding is a detailed report of sensitive data that Macie found in an S3 object. A sensitive data discovery result is a record that logs details about the analysis of an object. Each type of record adheres to a standardized schema, which can help you query, monitor, and process them by using other applications, services, and systems as necessary.

Tip

Although Macie is optimized for Amazon S3, you can use it to discover sensitive data in resources that you currently store elsewhere. You can do this by moving the data to Amazon S3 temporarily or permanently. For example, export Amazon Relational Database Service or Amazon Aurora snapshots to Amazon S3 in Apache Parquet format. Or export an Amazon DynamoDB table to Amazon S3. You can then create a job to analyze the data in Amazon S3.

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