Amazon Redshift will no longer support the use of Python UDFs after June 30, 2026. We will start enforcing it in phases. For more information on the details of Python end of life and migration options, see the [ blog post ](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/big-data/amazon-redshift-python-user-defined-functions-will-reach-end-of-support-after-june-30-2026/) that was published on June 30, 2025. 

# Considerations
<a name="hyperloglog-functions-usage-notes"></a>

This topic describes usage details for HyperLogLog in Amazon Redshift.

The following are considerations for using HyperLogLog in Amazon Redshift:
+ The following non-HyperLogLog functions can accept an input of type HLLSKETCH or columns of type HLLSKETCH:
  + The aggregate function COUNT
  + The conditional expressions COALESCE and NVL
  + CASE expressions
+ The supported encoding is RAW.
+ You can perform an UNLOAD operation on table with HLLSKETCH columns into text or CSV. You can use the UNLOAD HLLSKETCH columns to write HLLSKETCH data. Amazon Redshift shows the data in a JSON format for a sparse representation or a Base64 format for a dense representation. For more information about UNLOAD, see [Unloading the HLLSKETCH data type](r_UNLOAD.md#unload-usage-hll).

  The following shows the format used for a sparse HyperLogLog sketch represented in a JSON format.

  ```
  {"version":1,"logm":15,"sparse":{"indices":[15099259,33107846,37891580,50065963],"values":[2,3,2,1]}}
  ```
+ You can import text or CSV data into Amazon Redshift using the COPY command. For more information, see [Loading the HLLSKETCH data type](copy-usage_notes-hll.md).
+ The default encoding for HLLSKETCH is RAW. For more information, see [Compression encodings](c_Compression_encodings.md).