$first

5.0 版中的新增内容。

弹性集群不支持。

Amazon DocumentDB 中的$first操作员从一组分组的文档中返回第一个文档。它通常在聚合管道中用于检索符合特定条件的第一个文档。

参数

• expression：作为每个组中第一个值返回的表达式。

示例（MongoDB Shell）

以下示例演示如何使用$first运算符检索聚合期间每个类别遇到的第一个项目值。

注意：根据管道中文档的当前顺序$first返回第一个文档。为确保特定的订单（例如，按日期、价格等），应在$sort阶段之前使用$group阶段。

创建示例文档

db.products.insertMany([
  { _id: 1, item: "abc", price: 10, category: "food" },
  { _id: 2, item: "jkl", price: 20, category: "food" },
  { _id: 3, item: "xyz", price: 5, category: "toy" },
  { _id: 4, item: "abc", price: 5, category: "toy" }
]);

查询示例

db.products.aggregate([
  { $group: { _id: "$category", firstItem: { $first: "$item" } } }
]);

输出

[
  { "_id" : "food", "firstItem" : "abc" },
  { "_id" : "toy", "firstItem" : "xyz" }
]

窗口运算符用法示例（MongoDB Shell）

8.0.2 版中的新内容。

该$first操作员还可以在$setWindowFields舞台中用作窗口操作员。在这种情况下，它返回每个窗口expression中第一个文档的值。您可以在output字段下指定运算符，也可以选择使用window文档定义窗口边界。

注意

在中用作窗口运算符时$setWindowFields，中间数据限制$first为 100 MB。超过此限制的操作会返回错误。

创建示例文档

db.stockPrices.insertMany([
  { _id: 1, ticker: "ABC", hour: 1, price: 50 },
  { _id: 2, ticker: "ABC", hour: 2, price: 45 },
  { _id: 3, ticker: "ABC", hour: 3, price: 60 },
  { _id: 4, ticker: "ABC", hour: 4, price: 40 },
  { _id: 5, ticker: "XYZ", hour: 1, price: 30 },
  { _id: 6, ticker: "XYZ", hour: 2, price: 35 },
  { _id: 7, ticker: "XYZ", hour: 3, price: 25 }
]);

查询示例

以下示例按文档分区ticker，按分区排序hour，并返回每个分区中记录的第一个（最早）价格。

db.stockPrices.aggregate([
  {
    $setWindowFields: {
      partitionBy: "$ticker",
      sortBy: { hour: 1 },
      output: {
        firstPrice: {
          $first: "$price",
          window: { documents: ["unbounded", "current"] }
        }
      }
    }
  }
]);

输出

[
  { "_id": 1, "ticker": "ABC", "hour": 1, "price": 50, "firstPrice": 50 },
  { "_id": 2, "ticker": "ABC", "hour": 2, "price": 45, "firstPrice": 50 },
  { "_id": 3, "ticker": "ABC", "hour": 3, "price": 60, "firstPrice": 50 },
  { "_id": 4, "ticker": "ABC", "hour": 4, "price": 40, "firstPrice": 50 },
  { "_id": 5, "ticker": "XYZ", "hour": 1, "price": 30, "firstPrice": 30 },
  { "_id": 6, "ticker": "XYZ", "hour": 2, "price": 35, "firstPrice": 30 },
  { "_id": 7, "ticker": "XYZ", "hour": 3, "price": 25, "firstPrice": 30 }
]

每个文档都以firstPrice其窗口中第一个文档（分区hour中最早的文档）的价格为增值。

代码示例

要查看使用$first运算符的代码示例，请选择要使用的语言的选项卡。以下示例显示了累加器的用法（输入$group）和窗口运算符的用法（输入$setWindowFields）：

Node.js

const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');

async function example() {
  const uri = 'mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false';
  const client = new MongoClient(uri);

  try {
    await client.connect();

    const db = client.db('test');

    // Accumulator usage: first value per group
    const products = db.collection('products');
    await products.insertMany([
      { _id: 1, item: "abc", price: 10, category: "food" },
      { _id: 2, item: "jkl", price: 20, category: "food" },
      { _id: 3, item: "xyz", price: 5, category: "toy" },
      { _id: 4, item: "abc", price: 5, category: "toy" }
    ]);
    const accumulatorResult = await products.aggregate([
      { $group: { _id: "$category", firstItem: { $first: "$item" } } }
    ]).toArray();
    console.log('Accumulator result:', accumulatorResult);

    // Window operator usage: first value within each partition
    const stockPrices = db.collection('stockPrices');
    await stockPrices.insertMany([
      { _id: 1, ticker: "ABC", hour: 1, price: 50 },
      { _id: 2, ticker: "ABC", hour: 2, price: 45 },
      { _id: 3, ticker: "ABC", hour: 3, price: 60 },
      { _id: 4, ticker: "ABC", hour: 4, price: 40 },
      { _id: 5, ticker: "XYZ", hour: 1, price: 30 },
      { _id: 6, ticker: "XYZ", hour: 2, price: 35 },
      { _id: 7, ticker: "XYZ", hour: 3, price: 25 }
    ]);
    const windowResult = await stockPrices.aggregate([
      {
        $setWindowFields: {
          partitionBy: "$ticker",
          sortBy: { hour: 1 },
          output: {
            firstPrice: {
              $first: "$price",
              window: { documents: ["unbounded", "current"] }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    ]).toArray();
    console.log('Window result:', windowResult);

  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Error:', error);
  } finally {
    await client.close();
  }
}

example();

Python

from pymongo import MongoClient
from pprint import pprint

def example():
    client = None
    try:
        client = MongoClient('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false')

        db = client['test']

        # Accumulator usage: first value per group
        products = db['products']
        products.insert_many([
            { '_id': 1, 'item': 'abc', 'price': 10, 'category': 'food' },
            { '_id': 2, 'item': 'jkl', 'price': 20, 'category': 'food' },
            { '_id': 3, 'item': 'xyz', 'price': 5, 'category': 'toy' },
            { '_id': 4, 'item': 'abc', 'price': 5, 'category': 'toy' }
        ])
        accumulator_result = list(products.aggregate([
            { '$group': { '_id': '$category', 'firstItem': { '$first': '$item' } } }
        ]))
        pprint(accumulator_result)

        # Window operator usage: first value within each partition
        stock_prices = db['stockPrices']
        stock_prices.insert_many([
            { '_id': 1, 'ticker': 'ABC', 'hour': 1, 'price': 50 },
            { '_id': 2, 'ticker': 'ABC', 'hour': 2, 'price': 45 },
            { '_id': 3, 'ticker': 'ABC', 'hour': 3, 'price': 60 },
            { '_id': 4, 'ticker': 'ABC', 'hour': 4, 'price': 40 },
            { '_id': 5, 'ticker': 'XYZ', 'hour': 1, 'price': 30 },
            { '_id': 6, 'ticker': 'XYZ', 'hour': 2, 'price': 35 },
            { '_id': 7, 'ticker': 'XYZ', 'hour': 3, 'price': 25 }
        ])
        window_result = list(stock_prices.aggregate([
            {
                '$setWindowFields': {
                    'partitionBy': '$ticker',
                    'sortBy': { 'hour': 1 },
                    'output': {
                        'firstPrice': {
                            '$first': '$price',
                            'window': { 'documents': ['unbounded', 'current'] }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        ]))
        pprint(window_result)

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"An error occurred: {e}")

    finally:
        if client:
            client.close()

example()