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$minN
8.0.1 版中的新内容。
Amazon DocumentDB 中的$minN运算符返回 N 个最小值。当在$group阶段中用作累加器时,它返回每组中 N 个最小值的数组。当用作数组表达式运算符时,它返回数组的最少 N 个元素。
参数
行为
数组表达式运算符行为
-
您不能指定n小于的值1。
-
$minN过滤掉input数组中找到的null值。
-
如果指定的值大n于或等于数组中元素的数量,则$minN返回input数组中的input所有元素。
-
如果input解析为非数组值,则聚合操作出错。
-
如果同时input包含数字和字符串元素,则根据 BSON 比较顺序在字符串元素之前对数字元素进行排序。
蓄能器行为
-
当用作累加器时,n必须是正整数表达式,该表达式要么是常数,要么取决于的_id值。$group
-
$minN过滤掉空值和缺失值。
-
如果该组包含的元素少于n元素,则$minN返回该组中的所有元素。
-
$minN按照 BSON 比较顺序比较输入数据,以确定相应的输出类型。当输入数据包含多个数据类型时,$minN输出类型是比较顺序中最低的。
输出排序
$minN不按特定的排序顺序返回值。如果要求保证特定的排序顺序,则$bottomN改用或将结果包装为$sortArray。
示例(MongoDB Shell)
以下示例说明如何使用$minN累加器检索每个科目的两个最低分数。
创建示例文档
db.scores.insertMany([
{ subject: "math", score: 85 },
{ subject: "math", score: 72 },
{ subject: "math", score: 93 },
{ subject: "math", score: 68 },
{ subject: "science", score: 90 },
{ subject: "science", score: 78 },
{ subject: "science", score: 65 },
{ subject: "science", score: 88 }
]);
查询示例
db.scores.aggregate([
{ $group: { _id: "$subject", lowestTwo: { $minN: { input: "$score", n: 2 } } } }
]);
输出
[
{ "_id": "math", "lowestTwo": [72, 68] },
{ "_id": "science", "lowestTwo": [78, 65] }
]
表达式用法示例(MongoDB Shell)
该$minN运算符也可以用作$project阶段内的表达式,从数组字段中返回 N 个最小元素。
创建示例文档
db.readings.insertMany([
{ _id: 1, sensor: "A", values: [45, 12, 78, 3, 56] },
{ _id: 2, sensor: "B", values: [90, 23, 67, 11, 44] }
]);
查询示例
db.readings.aggregate([
{ $project: {
lowestThree: { $minN: { input: "$values", n: 3 } }
}}
]);
输出
[
{ "_id": 1, "lowestThree": [45, 12, 3] },
{ "_id": 2, "lowestThree": [44, 23, 11] }
]
窗口运算符用法示例(MongoDB Shell)
8.0.2 版中的新内容。
该$minN操作员还可以在$setWindowFields舞台中用作窗口操作员。在这种情况下,它返回一个包含每个窗口中文档n的最小值的数组。您可以在output字段下指定运算符,也可以选择使用window文档定义窗口边界。
在中用作窗口运算符时$setWindowFields,中间数据限制$minN为 100 MB。超过此限制的操作会返回错误。
创建示例文档
db.stockPrices.insertMany([
{ _id: 1, ticker: "ABC", hour: 1, price: 50 },
{ _id: 2, ticker: "ABC", hour: 2, price: 45 },
{ _id: 3, ticker: "ABC", hour: 3, price: 60 },
{ _id: 4, ticker: "ABC", hour: 4, price: 40 },
{ _id: 5, ticker: "XYZ", hour: 1, price: 30 },
{ _id: 6, ticker: "XYZ", hour: 2, price: 35 },
{ _id: 7, ticker: "XYZ", hour: 3, price: 25 }
]);
查询示例
以下示例对文档进行分区ticker,按分区排序hour,并返回从分区开始到当前文档的两个最低价格。
db.stockPrices.aggregate([
{
$setWindowFields: {
partitionBy: "$ticker",
sortBy: { hour: 1 },
output: {
lowestTwoSoFar: {
$minN: { input: "$price", n: 2 },
window: { documents: ["unbounded", "current"] }
}
}
}
}
]);
输出
[
{ "_id": 1, "ticker": "ABC", "hour": 1, "price": 50, "lowestTwoSoFar": [50] },
{ "_id": 2, "ticker": "ABC", "hour": 2, "price": 45, "lowestTwoSoFar": [45, 50] },
{ "_id": 3, "ticker": "ABC", "hour": 3, "price": 60, "lowestTwoSoFar": [45, 50] },
{ "_id": 4, "ticker": "ABC", "hour": 4, "price": 40, "lowestTwoSoFar": [40, 45] },
{ "_id": 5, "ticker": "XYZ", "hour": 1, "price": 30, "lowestTwoSoFar": [30] },
{ "_id": 6, "ticker": "XYZ", "hour": 2, "price": 35, "lowestTwoSoFar": [30, 35] },
{ "_id": 7, "ticker": "XYZ", "hour": 3, "price": 25, "lowestTwoSoFar": [25, 30] }
]
每个文档都使用lowestTwoSoFar其窗口内的两个最小price值进行扩展。如输出排序部分所述,不能保证返回数组中值的顺序。
代码示例
要查看使用$minN运算符的代码示例,请选择要使用的语言的选项卡。以下示例显示累加器的用法 (in$group)、表达式的用法 (in$project) 和窗口运算符的用法 (in$setWindowFields):
- Node.js
-
const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');
async function example() {
const client = new MongoClient('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false');
try {
await client.connect();
const db = client.db('test');
// Accumulator usage: N smallest values per group
const scores = db.collection('scores');
await scores.insertMany([
{ subject: "math", score: 85 },
{ subject: "math", score: 72 },
{ subject: "math", score: 93 },
{ subject: "math", score: 68 },
{ subject: "science", score: 90 },
{ subject: "science", score: 78 },
{ subject: "science", score: 65 },
{ subject: "science", score: 88 }
]);
const accumulatorResult = await scores.aggregate([
{ $group: { _id: "$subject", lowestTwo: { $minN: { input: "$score", n: 2 } } } }
]).toArray();
console.log('Accumulator result:', accumulatorResult);
// Expression usage: N smallest elements from an array field
const readings = db.collection('readings');
await readings.insertMany([
{ _id: 1, sensor: "A", values: [45, 12, 78, 3, 56] },
{ _id: 2, sensor: "B", values: [90, 23, 67, 11, 44] }
]);
const expressionResult = await readings.aggregate([
{ $project: { lowestThree: { $minN: { input: "$values", n: 3 } } } }
]).toArray();
console.log('Expression result:', expressionResult);
// Window operator usage: N smallest values over a window in each partition
const stockPrices = db.collection('stockPrices');
await stockPrices.insertMany([
{ _id: 1, ticker: "ABC", hour: 1, price: 50 },
{ _id: 2, ticker: "ABC", hour: 2, price: 45 },
{ _id: 3, ticker: "ABC", hour: 3, price: 60 },
{ _id: 4, ticker: "ABC", hour: 4, price: 40 },
{ _id: 5, ticker: "XYZ", hour: 1, price: 30 },
{ _id: 6, ticker: "XYZ", hour: 2, price: 35 },
{ _id: 7, ticker: "XYZ", hour: 3, price: 25 }
]);
const windowResult = await stockPrices.aggregate([
{
$setWindowFields: {
partitionBy: "$ticker",
sortBy: { hour: 1 },
output: {
lowestTwoSoFar: {
$minN: { input: "$price", n: 2 },
window: { documents: ["unbounded", "current"] }
}
}
}
}
]).toArray();
console.log('Window result:', windowResult);
} finally {
await client.close();
}
}
example();
- Python
-
from pymongo import MongoClient
def example():
client = MongoClient('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false')
try:
db = client['test']
# Accumulator usage: N smallest values per group
scores = db['scores']
scores.insert_many([
{ 'subject': 'math', 'score': 85 },
{ 'subject': 'math', 'score': 72 },
{ 'subject': 'math', 'score': 93 },
{ 'subject': 'math', 'score': 68 },
{ 'subject': 'science', 'score': 90 },
{ 'subject': 'science', 'score': 78 },
{ 'subject': 'science', 'score': 65 },
{ 'subject': 'science', 'score': 88 }
])
accumulator_result = list(scores.aggregate([
{ '$group': { '_id': '$subject', 'lowestTwo': { '$minN': { 'input': '$score', 'n': 2 } } } }
]))
print('Accumulator result:', accumulator_result)
# Expression usage: N smallest elements from an array field
readings = db['readings']
readings.insert_many([
{ '_id': 1, 'sensor': 'A', 'values': [45, 12, 78, 3, 56] },
{ '_id': 2, 'sensor': 'B', 'values': [90, 23, 67, 11, 44] }
])
expression_result = list(readings.aggregate([
{ '$project': { 'lowestThree': { '$minN': { 'input': '$values', 'n': 3 } } } }
]))
print('Expression result:', expression_result)
# Window operator usage: N smallest values over a window in each partition
stock_prices = db['stockPrices']
stock_prices.insert_many([
{ '_id': 1, 'ticker': 'ABC', 'hour': 1, 'price': 50 },
{ '_id': 2, 'ticker': 'ABC', 'hour': 2, 'price': 45 },
{ '_id': 3, 'ticker': 'ABC', 'hour': 3, 'price': 60 },
{ '_id': 4, 'ticker': 'ABC', 'hour': 4, 'price': 40 },
{ '_id': 5, 'ticker': 'XYZ', 'hour': 1, 'price': 30 },
{ '_id': 6, 'ticker': 'XYZ', 'hour': 2, 'price': 35 },
{ '_id': 7, 'ticker': 'XYZ', 'hour': 3, 'price': 25 }
])
window_result = list(stock_prices.aggregate([
{
'$setWindowFields': {
'partitionBy': '$ticker',
'sortBy': { 'hour': 1 },
'output': {
'lowestTwoSoFar': {
'$minN': { 'input': '$price', 'n': 2 },
'window': { 'documents': ['unbounded', 'current'] }
}
}
}
}
]))
print('Window result:', window_result)
finally:
client.close()
example()