使用 Java 开发工具包 2.x 的亚马逊 RDS 示例

以下代码示例向您展示了如何使用AWS SDK for Java 2.x与 Amazon RDS 一起执行操作和实现常见场景。

操作是大型程序的代码摘录，必须在上下文中运行。虽然操作向您展示了如何调用单个服务函数，但您可以在其相关场景和跨服务示例中查看操作的上下文。

场景是展示如何通过在同一服务中调用多个函数来完成特定任务的代码示例。

每个示例都包含一个链接GitHub，您可以在其中找到有关如何在上下文中设置和运行代码的说明。

主题

操作
场景

操作

以下代码示例显示如何创建 Amazon RDS 数据库实例并等待其可用。

SDK for Java 2.x

注意

还有更多GitHub。查找完整示例，学习如何在 AWS 代码示例存储库中进行设置和运行。


    public static void createSnapshot(RdsClient rdsClient, String dbInstanceIdentifier, String dbSnapshotIdentifier) {

        try {
            CreateDbSnapshotRequest snapshotRequest = CreateDbSnapshotRequest.builder()
                .dbInstanceIdentifier(dbInstanceIdentifier)
                .dbSnapshotIdentifier(dbSnapshotIdentifier)
                .build();

            CreateDbSnapshotResponse response = rdsClient.createDBSnapshot(snapshotRequest);
            System.out.print("The Snapshot id is " + response.dbSnapshot().dbiResourceId());

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

有关 API 详细信息，请参阅《AWS SDK for Java 2.x API 参考》中的 CreateDBInstance。

以下代码示例显示了如何创建 Amazon RDS 数据库参数组。

SDK for Java 2.x

注意

还有更多GitHub。查找完整示例，学习如何在 AWS 代码示例存储库中进行设置和运行。


    public static void createDBParameterGroup(RdsClient rdsClient, String dbGroupName, String dbParameterGroupFamily) {
        try {
            CreateDbParameterGroupRequest groupRequest = CreateDbParameterGroupRequest.builder()
                .dbParameterGroupName(dbGroupName)
                .dbParameterGroupFamily(dbParameterGroupFamily)
                .description("Created by using the AWS SDK for Java")
                .build();

            CreateDbParameterGroupResponse response = rdsClient.createDBParameterGroup(groupRequest);
            System.out.println("The group name is "+ response.dbParameterGroup().dbParameterGroupName());

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

有关 API 的详细信息，请参阅 AWS SDK for Java 2.xAPI 参考中的 createDB ParameterGroup。

以下代码示例显示了如何创建 Amazon RDS 数据库实例的快照。

SDK for Java 2.x

注意

还有更多GitHub。查找完整示例，学习如何在 AWS 代码示例存储库中进行设置和运行。


    // Create an Amazon RDS snapshot.
    public static void createSnapshot(RdsClient rdsClient, String dbInstanceIdentifier, String dbSnapshotIdentifier) {
        try {
            CreateDbSnapshotRequest snapshotRequest = CreateDbSnapshotRequest.builder()
                .dbInstanceIdentifier(dbInstanceIdentifier)
                .dbSnapshotIdentifier(dbSnapshotIdentifier)
                .build();

            CreateDbSnapshotResponse response = rdsClient.createDBSnapshot(snapshotRequest);
            System.out.println("The Snapshot id is " + response.dbSnapshot().dbiResourceId());

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

有关 API 详细信息，请参阅《AWS SDK for Java 2.x API 参考》中的 CreateDBSnapshot。

以下代码示例显示了如何创建身份验证令牌以进行 IAM 身份验证。

SDK for Java 2.x

注意

还有更多GitHub。查找完整示例，学习如何在 AWS 代码示例存储库中进行设置和运行。

使用RdsUtilities类生成身份验证令牌。


public class GenerateRDSAuthToken {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        final String usage = "\n" +
            "Usage:\n" +
            "    <dbInstanceIdentifier> <masterUsername>\n\n" +
            "Where:\n" +
            "    dbInstanceIdentifier - The database instance identifier. \n" +
            "    masterUsername - The master user name. \n";

            if (args.length != 2) {
                System.out.println(usage);
                System.exit(1);
            }

            String dbInstanceIdentifier = args[0];
            String masterUsername = args[1];
            Region region = Region.US_WEST_2;
            RdsClient rdsClient = RdsClient.builder()
                .region(region)
                .credentialsProvider(ProfileCredentialsProvider.create())
                .build();

            String token = getAuthToken(rdsClient, dbInstanceIdentifier, masterUsername);
            System.out.println("The token response is "+token);
    }

    public static String getAuthToken(RdsClient rdsClient, String dbInstanceIdentifier, String masterUsername ) {

        RdsUtilities utilities = rdsClient.utilities();
        try {
            GenerateAuthenticationTokenRequest tokenRequest = GenerateAuthenticationTokenRequest.builder()
                .credentialsProvider(ProfileCredentialsProvider.create())
                .username(masterUsername)
                .port(3306)
                .hostname(dbInstanceIdentifier)
                .build();

                return utilities.generateAuthenticationToken(tokenRequest);

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
        return "";
   }
}

有关 API 的详细信息，请参阅 AWS SDK for Java 2.xAP I 参考中的 generaterDS AuthToken。

以下代码示例显示了如何删除 Amazon RDS 数据库实例。

SDK for Java 2.x

注意

还有更多GitHub。查找完整示例，学习如何在 AWS 代码示例存储库中进行设置和运行。


    public static void deleteDatabaseInstance( RdsClient rdsClient, String dbInstanceIdentifier) {
        try {
            DeleteDbInstanceRequest deleteDbInstanceRequest = DeleteDbInstanceRequest.builder()
                .dbInstanceIdentifier(dbInstanceIdentifier)
                .deleteAutomatedBackups(true)
                .skipFinalSnapshot(true)
                .build();

            DeleteDbInstanceResponse response = rdsClient.deleteDBInstance(deleteDbInstanceRequest);
            System.out.print("The status of the database is " + response.dbInstance().dbInstanceStatus());

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

有关 API 详细信息，请参阅《AWS SDK for Java 2.x API 参考》中的 DeleteDBInstance。

以下代码示例显示了如何删除 Amazon RDS 数据库参数组。

SDK for Java 2.x

注意

还有更多GitHub。查找完整示例，学习如何在 AWS 代码示例存储库中进行设置和运行。


    // Delete the parameter group after database has been deleted.
    // An exception is thrown if you attempt to delete the para group while database exists.
    public static void deleteParaGroup( RdsClient rdsClient, String dbGroupName, String dbARN) throws InterruptedException {
        try {
            boolean isDataDel = false;
            boolean didFind;
            String instanceARN ;

            // Make sure that the database has been deleted.
            while (!isDataDel) {
                DescribeDbInstancesResponse response = rdsClient.describeDBInstances();
                List<DBInstance> instanceList = response.dbInstances();
                int listSize = instanceList.size();
                didFind = false;
                int index = 1;
                for (DBInstance instance: instanceList) {
                    instanceARN = instance.dbInstanceArn();
                    if (instanceARN.compareTo(dbARN) == 0) {
                        System.out.println(dbARN + " still exists");
                        didFind = true ;
                    }
                    if ((index == listSize) && (!didFind)) {
                        // Went through the entire list and did not find the database ARN.
                        isDataDel = true;
                    }
                    Thread.sleep(sleepTime * 1000);
                    index ++;
                }
            }

            // Delete the para group.
            DeleteDbParameterGroupRequest parameterGroupRequest = DeleteDbParameterGroupRequest.builder()
                .dbParameterGroupName(dbGroupName)
                .build();

            rdsClient.deleteDBParameterGroup(parameterGroupRequest);
            System.out.println(dbGroupName +" was deleted.");

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

有关 API 的详细信息，请参阅 AWS SDK for Java 2.xAP I 参考中的 deletEdB ParameterGroup。

以下代码示例显示了如何描述 Amazon RDS 数据库实例。

SDK for Java 2.x

注意

还有更多GitHub。查找完整示例，学习如何在 AWS 代码示例存储库中进行设置和运行。


    public static void describeInstances(RdsClient rdsClient) {

        try {
            DescribeDbInstancesResponse response = rdsClient.describeDBInstances();
            List<DBInstance> instanceList = response.dbInstances();
            for (DBInstance instance: instanceList) {
                System.out.println("Instance ARN is: "+instance.dbInstanceArn());
                System.out.println("The Engine is " +instance.engine());
                System.out.println("Connection endpoint is" +instance.endpoint().address());
            }

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

有关 API 详细信息，请参阅《AWS SDK for Java 2.x API 参考》中的 DescribeDBInstances。

以下代码示例显示了如何描述 Amazon RDS 数据库参数组。

SDK for Java 2.x

注意

还有更多GitHub。查找完整示例，学习如何在 AWS 代码示例存储库中进行设置和运行。


    public static void describeDbParameterGroups(RdsClient rdsClient, String dbGroupName) {
        try {
            DescribeDbParameterGroupsRequest groupsRequest = DescribeDbParameterGroupsRequest.builder()
                .dbParameterGroupName(dbGroupName)
                .maxRecords(20)
                .build();

            DescribeDbParameterGroupsResponse response = rdsClient.describeDBParameterGroups(groupsRequest);
            List<DBParameterGroup> groups = response.dbParameterGroups();
            for (DBParameterGroup group: groups) {
                System.out.println("The group name is "+group.dbParameterGroupName());
                System.out.println("The group description is "+group.description());
            }

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

有关 API 的详细信息，请参阅 AWS SDK for Java 2.xAP I 参考中的 describedB ParameterGroups。

以下代码示例显示了如何描述 Amazon RDS 数据库引擎版本。

SDK for Java 2.x

注意

还有更多GitHub。查找完整示例，学习如何在 AWS 代码示例存储库中进行设置和运行。


    public static void describeDBEngines( RdsClient rdsClient) {
        try {
            DescribeDbEngineVersionsRequest engineVersionsRequest = DescribeDbEngineVersionsRequest.builder()
                .defaultOnly(true)
                .engine("mysql")
                .maxRecords(20)
                .build();

            DescribeDbEngineVersionsResponse response = rdsClient.describeDBEngineVersions(engineVersionsRequest);
            List<DBEngineVersion> engines = response.dbEngineVersions();

            // Get all DBEngineVersion objects.
            for (DBEngineVersion engineOb: engines) {
                System.out.println("The name of the DB parameter group family for the database engine is "+engineOb.dbParameterGroupFamily());
                System.out.println("The name of the database engine "+engineOb.engine());
                System.out.println("The version number of the database engine "+engineOb.engineVersion());
            }

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

有关 API 的详细信息，请参阅 AWS SDK for Java 2.xAP I 参考中的 describedB EngineVersions。

以下代码示例显示了如何描述 Amazon RDS 数据库实例的选项。

SDK for Java 2.x

注意

还有更多GitHub。查找完整示例，学习如何在 AWS 代码示例存储库中进行设置和运行。


    // Get a list of allowed engine versions.
    public static void getAllowedEngines(RdsClient rdsClient, String dbParameterGroupFamily) {
        try {
            DescribeDbEngineVersionsRequest versionsRequest = DescribeDbEngineVersionsRequest.builder()
                .dbParameterGroupFamily(dbParameterGroupFamily)
                .engine("mysql")
                .build();

           DescribeDbEngineVersionsResponse response = rdsClient.describeDBEngineVersions(versionsRequest);
           List<DBEngineVersion> dbEngines = response.dbEngineVersions();
           for (DBEngineVersion dbEngine: dbEngines) {
               System.out.println("The engine version is " +dbEngine.engineVersion());
               System.out.println("The engine description is " +dbEngine.dbEngineDescription());
           }

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

有关 API 的详细信息，请参阅 AWS SDK for Java 2.xAPI 参考InstanceOptions中的DescribeOrderable数据库。

以下代码示例显示如何描述 Amazon RDS 数据库参数组中的参数。

SDK for Java 2.x

注意

还有更多GitHub。查找完整示例，学习如何在 AWS 代码示例存储库中进行设置和运行。


   // Retrieve parameters in the group.
   public static void describeDbParameters(RdsClient rdsClient, String dbGroupName, int flag) {
       try {
           DescribeDbParametersRequest dbParameterGroupsRequest;
           if (flag == 0) {
               dbParameterGroupsRequest = DescribeDbParametersRequest.builder()
                   .dbParameterGroupName(dbGroupName)
                   .build();
           } else {
               dbParameterGroupsRequest = DescribeDbParametersRequest.builder()
                   .dbParameterGroupName(dbGroupName)
                   .source("user")
                   .build();
           }

           DescribeDbParametersResponse response = rdsClient.describeDBParameters(dbParameterGroupsRequest);
           List<Parameter> dbParameters = response.parameters();
           String paraName;
           for (Parameter para: dbParameters) {
               // Only print out information about either auto_increment_offset or auto_increment_increment.
               paraName = para.parameterName();
               if ( (paraName.compareTo("auto_increment_offset") ==0) || (paraName.compareTo("auto_increment_increment ") ==0)) {
                   System.out.println("*** The parameter name is  " + paraName);
                   System.out.println("*** The parameter value is  " + para.parameterValue());
                   System.out.println("*** The parameter data type is " + para.dataType());
                   System.out.println("*** The parameter description is " + para.description());
                   System.out.println("*** The parameter allowed values  is " + para.allowedValues());
               }
           }

       } catch (RdsException e) {
           System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
           System.exit(1);
       }
   }

有关 API 详细信息，请参阅《AWS SDK for Java 2.x API 参考》中的 DescribeDBParameters。

以下代码示例显示了如何修改 Amazon RDS 数据库实例。

SDK for Java 2.x

注意

还有更多GitHub。查找完整示例，学习如何在 AWS 代码示例存储库中进行设置和运行。


    public static void updateIntance(RdsClient rdsClient, String dbInstanceIdentifier, String masterUserPassword) {

        try {
            // For a demo - modify the DB instance by modifying the master password.
            ModifyDbInstanceRequest modifyDbInstanceRequest = ModifyDbInstanceRequest.builder()
                .dbInstanceIdentifier(dbInstanceIdentifier)
                .publiclyAccessible(true)
                .masterUserPassword(masterUserPassword)
                .build();

            ModifyDbInstanceResponse instanceResponse = rdsClient.modifyDBInstance(modifyDbInstanceRequest);
            System.out.print("The ARN of the modified database is: " +instanceResponse.dbInstance().dbInstanceArn());

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

有关 API 详细信息，请参阅《AWS SDK for Java 2.x API 参考》中的 ModifyDBInstance。

以下代码示例显示了如何重启 Amazon RDS 数据库实例。

SDK for Java 2.x

注意

还有更多GitHub。查找完整示例，学习如何在 AWS 代码示例存储库中进行设置和运行。


    public static void rebootInstance(RdsClient rdsClient, String dbInstanceIdentifier ) {

        try {
            RebootDbInstanceRequest rebootDbInstanceRequest = RebootDbInstanceRequest.builder()
               .dbInstanceIdentifier(dbInstanceIdentifier)
               .build();

            RebootDbInstanceResponse instanceResponse = rdsClient.rebootDBInstance(rebootDbInstanceRequest);
            System.out.print("The database "+ instanceResponse.dbInstance().dbInstanceArn() +" was rebooted");

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
   }

有关 API 详细信息，请参阅《AWS SDK for Java 2.x API 参考》中的 RebootDBInstance。

以下代码示例显示了如何检索属于 Amazon RDS 账户的属性。

SDK for Java 2.x

注意

还有更多GitHub。查找完整示例，学习如何在 AWS 代码示例存储库中进行设置和运行。


    public static void getAccountAttributes(RdsClient rdsClient) {

        try {
            DescribeAccountAttributesResponse response = rdsClient.describeAccountAttributes();
            List<AccountQuota> quotasList = response.accountQuotas();
            for (AccountQuota quotas: quotasList) {
                System.out.println("Name is: "+quotas.accountQuotaName());
                System.out.println("Max value is " +quotas.max());
            }

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

有关 API 的详细信息，请参阅 DescribeAccountAttributesAWS SDK for Java 2.xAPI 参考文档。

以下代码示例显示如何更新 Amazon RDS 数据库参数组中的参数。

SDK for Java 2.x

注意

还有更多GitHub。查找完整示例，学习如何在 AWS 代码示例存储库中进行设置和运行。


    // Modify auto_increment_offset and auto_increment_increment parameters.
    public static void modifyDBParas(RdsClient rdsClient, String dbGroupName) {
        try {
            Parameter parameter1 = Parameter.builder()
                .parameterName("auto_increment_offset")
                .applyMethod("immediate")
                .parameterValue("5")
                .build();

            List<Parameter> paraList = new ArrayList<>();
            paraList.add(parameter1);
            ModifyDbParameterGroupRequest groupRequest = ModifyDbParameterGroupRequest.builder()
                .dbParameterGroupName(dbGroupName)
                .parameters(paraList)
                .build();

            ModifyDbParameterGroupResponse response = rdsClient.modifyDBParameterGroup(groupRequest);
            System.out.println("The parameter group "+ response.dbParameterGroupName() +" was successfully modified");

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

有关 API 的详细信息，请参阅 AWS SDK for Java 2.xAP I 参考中的 mo difyDB ParameterGroup。

场景

以下代码示例显示了如何：

创建自定义数据库参数组并设置参数值。
创建一个配置为使用参数组的数据库实例。数据库实例还包含一个数据库。
拍摄实例的快照。
删除实例和参数组。

SDK for Java 2.x

注意

还有更多GitHub。查找完整示例，学习如何在 AWS 代码示例存储库中进行设置和运行。

运行多个操作。


/**
 * Before running this Java (v2) code example, set up your development environment, including your credentials.
 *
 * For more information, see the following documentation topic:
 *
 * https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-java/latest/developer-guide/get-started.html
 *
 * This example requires an AWS Secrets Manager secret that contains the database credentials. If you do not create a
 * secret, this example will not work. For details, see:
 *
 * https://docs.aws.amazon.com/secretsmanager/latest/userguide/integrating_how-services-use-secrets_RS.html
 *
 * This Java example performs these tasks:
 *
 * 1. Returns a list of the available DB engines.
 * 2. Selects an engine family and create a custom DB parameter group.
 * 3. Gets the parameter groups.
 * 4. Gets parameters in the group.
 * 5. Modifies the auto_increment_offset parameter.
 * 6. Gets and displays the updated parameters.
 * 7. Gets a list of allowed engine versions.
 * 8. Gets a list of micro instance classes available for the selected engine.
 * 9. Creates an RDS database instance that contains a MySql database and uses the parameter group.
 * 10. Waits for the DB instance to be ready and prints out the connection endpoint value.
 * 11. Creates a snapshot of the DB instance.
 * 12. Waits for an RDS DB snapshot to be ready.
 * 13. Deletes the  RDS DB instance.
 * 14. Deletes the parameter group.
 */
public class RDSScenario {

    public static long sleepTime = 20;
    public static final String DASHES = new String(new char[80]).replace("\0", "-");
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        final String usage = "\n" +
            "Usage:\n" +
            "    <dbGroupName> <dbParameterGroupFamily> <dbInstanceIdentifier> <dbName> <dbSnapshotIdentifier> <secretName>\n\n" +
            "Where:\n" +
            "    dbGroupName - The database group name. \n"+
            "    dbParameterGroupFamily - The database parameter group name (for example, mysql8.0).\n"+
            "    dbInstanceIdentifier - The database instance identifier \n"+
            "    dbName - The database name. \n"+
            "    dbSnapshotIdentifier - The snapshot identifier. \n" +
            "    secretName - The name of the AWS Secrets Manager secret that contains the database credentials\"\n" ;

        if (args.length != 6) {
            System.out.println(usage);
            System.exit(1);
        }

        String dbGroupName = args[0];
        String dbParameterGroupFamily = args[1];
        String dbInstanceIdentifier = args[2];
        String dbName = args[3];
        String dbSnapshotIdentifier = args[4];
        String secretName = args[5];

        Gson gson = new Gson();
        User user = gson.fromJson(String.valueOf(getSecretValues(secretName)), User.class);
        String masterUsername = user.getUsername();
        String masterUserPassword = user.getPassword();

        Region region = Region.US_WEST_2;
        RdsClient rdsClient = RdsClient.builder()
            .region(region)
            .credentialsProvider(ProfileCredentialsProvider.create())
            .build();
        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("Welcome to the Amazon RDS example scenario.");
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("1. Return a list of the available DB engines");
        describeDBEngines(rdsClient);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("2. Create a custom parameter group");
        createDBParameterGroup(rdsClient, dbGroupName, dbParameterGroupFamily);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("3. Get the parameter group");
        describeDbParameterGroups(rdsClient, dbGroupName);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("4. Get the parameters in the group");
        describeDbParameters(rdsClient, dbGroupName, 0);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("5. Modify the auto_increment_offset parameter");
        modifyDBParas(rdsClient, dbGroupName);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("6. Display the updated value");
        describeDbParameters(rdsClient, dbGroupName, -1);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("7. Get a list of allowed engine versions");
        getAllowedEngines(rdsClient, dbParameterGroupFamily);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("8. Get a list of micro instance classes available for the selected engine") ;
        getMicroInstances(rdsClient);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("9. Create an RDS database instance that contains a MySql database and uses the parameter group");
        String dbARN = createDatabaseInstance(rdsClient, dbGroupName, dbInstanceIdentifier, dbName, masterUsername, masterUserPassword);
        System.out.println("The ARN of the new database is "+dbARN);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("10. Wait for DB instance to be ready" );
        waitForInstanceReady(rdsClient, dbInstanceIdentifier);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("11. Create a snapshot of the DB instance");
        createSnapshot(rdsClient, dbInstanceIdentifier, dbSnapshotIdentifier);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("12. Wait for DB snapshot to be ready" );
        waitForSnapshotReady(rdsClient, dbInstanceIdentifier, dbSnapshotIdentifier);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("13. Delete the DB instance" );
        deleteDatabaseInstance(rdsClient, dbInstanceIdentifier);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("14. Delete the parameter group");
        deleteParaGroup(rdsClient, dbGroupName, dbARN);
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        System.out.println(DASHES);
        System.out.println("The Scenario has successfully completed." );
        System.out.println(DASHES);

        rdsClient.close();
    }

    private static SecretsManagerClient getSecretClient() {
        Region region = Region.US_WEST_2;
        return SecretsManagerClient.builder()
            .region(region)
            .credentialsProvider(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider.create())
            .build();
    }

    public static String getSecretValues(String secretName) {
        SecretsManagerClient secretClient = getSecretClient();
        GetSecretValueRequest valueRequest = GetSecretValueRequest.builder()
            .secretId(secretName)
            .build();

        GetSecretValueResponse valueResponse = secretClient.getSecretValue(valueRequest);
        return valueResponse.secretString();
    }

    // Delete the parameter group after database has been deleted.
    // An exception is thrown if you attempt to delete the para group while database exists.
    public static void deleteParaGroup( RdsClient rdsClient, String dbGroupName, String dbARN) throws InterruptedException {
        try {
            boolean isDataDel = false;
            boolean didFind;
            String instanceARN ;

            // Make sure that the database has been deleted.
            while (!isDataDel) {
                DescribeDbInstancesResponse response = rdsClient.describeDBInstances();
                List<DBInstance> instanceList = response.dbInstances();
                int listSize = instanceList.size();
                didFind = false;
                int index = 1;
                for (DBInstance instance: instanceList) {
                    instanceARN = instance.dbInstanceArn();
                    if (instanceARN.compareTo(dbARN) == 0) {
                        System.out.println(dbARN + " still exists");
                        didFind = true ;
                    }
                    if ((index == listSize) && (!didFind)) {
                        // Went through the entire list and did not find the database ARN.
                        isDataDel = true;
                    }
                    Thread.sleep(sleepTime * 1000);
                    index ++;
                }
            }

            // Delete the para group.
            DeleteDbParameterGroupRequest parameterGroupRequest = DeleteDbParameterGroupRequest.builder()
                .dbParameterGroupName(dbGroupName)
                .build();

            rdsClient.deleteDBParameterGroup(parameterGroupRequest);
            System.out.println(dbGroupName +" was deleted.");

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    // Delete the DB instance.
    public static void deleteDatabaseInstance( RdsClient rdsClient, String dbInstanceIdentifier) {
        try {
            DeleteDbInstanceRequest deleteDbInstanceRequest = DeleteDbInstanceRequest.builder()
                .dbInstanceIdentifier(dbInstanceIdentifier)
                .deleteAutomatedBackups(true)
                .skipFinalSnapshot(true)
                .build();

            DeleteDbInstanceResponse response = rdsClient.deleteDBInstance(deleteDbInstanceRequest);
            System.out.print("The status of the database is " + response.dbInstance().dbInstanceStatus());

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    // Waits until the snapshot instance is available.
    public static void waitForSnapshotReady(RdsClient rdsClient, String dbInstanceIdentifier, String dbSnapshotIdentifier) {
        try {
            boolean snapshotReady = false;
            String snapshotReadyStr;
            System.out.println("Waiting for the snapshot to become available.");

            DescribeDbSnapshotsRequest snapshotsRequest = DescribeDbSnapshotsRequest.builder()
                .dbSnapshotIdentifier(dbSnapshotIdentifier)
                .dbInstanceIdentifier(dbInstanceIdentifier)
                .build();

            while (!snapshotReady) {
                DescribeDbSnapshotsResponse response = rdsClient.describeDBSnapshots(snapshotsRequest);
                List<DBSnapshot> snapshotList = response.dbSnapshots();
                for (DBSnapshot snapshot : snapshotList) {
                    snapshotReadyStr = snapshot.status();
                    if (snapshotReadyStr.contains("available")) {
                        snapshotReady = true;
                    } else {
                        System.out.print(".");
                        Thread.sleep(sleepTime * 1000);
                    }
                }
            }

            System.out.println("The Snapshot is available!");
        } catch (RdsException | InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    // Create an Amazon RDS snapshot.
    public static void createSnapshot(RdsClient rdsClient, String dbInstanceIdentifier, String dbSnapshotIdentifier) {
        try {
            CreateDbSnapshotRequest snapshotRequest = CreateDbSnapshotRequest.builder()
                .dbInstanceIdentifier(dbInstanceIdentifier)
                .dbSnapshotIdentifier(dbSnapshotIdentifier)
                .build();

            CreateDbSnapshotResponse response = rdsClient.createDBSnapshot(snapshotRequest);
            System.out.println("The Snapshot id is " + response.dbSnapshot().dbiResourceId());

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    // Waits until the database instance is available.
    public static void waitForInstanceReady(RdsClient rdsClient, String dbInstanceIdentifier) {
        boolean instanceReady = false;
        String instanceReadyStr;
        System.out.println("Waiting for instance to become available.");
        try {
            DescribeDbInstancesRequest instanceRequest = DescribeDbInstancesRequest.builder()
                .dbInstanceIdentifier(dbInstanceIdentifier)
                .build();

            String endpoint="";
            while (!instanceReady) {
                DescribeDbInstancesResponse response = rdsClient.describeDBInstances(instanceRequest);
                List<DBInstance> instanceList = response.dbInstances();
                for (DBInstance instance : instanceList) {
                    instanceReadyStr = instance.dbInstanceStatus();
                    if (instanceReadyStr.contains("available")) {
                        endpoint = instance.endpoint().address();
                        instanceReady = true;
                    } else {
                        System.out.print(".");
                        Thread.sleep(sleepTime * 1000);
                    }
                }
            }
            System.out.println("Database instance is available! The connection endpoint is "+ endpoint);

        } catch (RdsException | InterruptedException e) {
            System.err.println(e.getMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    // Create a database instance and return the ARN of the database.
    public static String createDatabaseInstance(RdsClient rdsClient,
                                              String dbGroupName,
                                              String dbInstanceIdentifier,
                                              String dbName,
                                              String masterUsername,
                                              String masterUserPassword) {

        try {
            CreateDbInstanceRequest instanceRequest = CreateDbInstanceRequest.builder()
                .dbInstanceIdentifier(dbInstanceIdentifier)
                .allocatedStorage(100)
                .dbName(dbName)
                .dbParameterGroupName(dbGroupName)
                .engine("mysql")
                .dbInstanceClass("db.m4.large")
                .engineVersion("8.0")
                .storageType("standard")
                .masterUsername(masterUsername)
                .masterUserPassword(masterUserPassword)
                .build();

            CreateDbInstanceResponse response = rdsClient.createDBInstance(instanceRequest);
            System.out.print("The status is " + response.dbInstance().dbInstanceStatus());
            return response.dbInstance().dbInstanceArn();

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }

        return "";
    }

    // Get a list of micro instances.
    public static void getMicroInstances(RdsClient rdsClient) {
        try {
            DescribeOrderableDbInstanceOptionsRequest dbInstanceOptionsRequest = DescribeOrderableDbInstanceOptionsRequest.builder()
                .engine("mysql")
                .build();

            DescribeOrderableDbInstanceOptionsResponse response = rdsClient.describeOrderableDBInstanceOptions(dbInstanceOptionsRequest);
            List<OrderableDBInstanceOption> orderableDBInstances = response.orderableDBInstanceOptions();
            for (OrderableDBInstanceOption dbInstanceOption: orderableDBInstances) {
                System.out.println("The engine version is " +dbInstanceOption.engineVersion());
                System.out.println("The engine description is " +dbInstanceOption.engine());
            }

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    // Get a list of allowed engine versions.
    public static void getAllowedEngines(RdsClient rdsClient, String dbParameterGroupFamily) {
        try {
            DescribeDbEngineVersionsRequest versionsRequest = DescribeDbEngineVersionsRequest.builder()
                .dbParameterGroupFamily(dbParameterGroupFamily)
                .engine("mysql")
                .build();

           DescribeDbEngineVersionsResponse response = rdsClient.describeDBEngineVersions(versionsRequest);
           List<DBEngineVersion> dbEngines = response.dbEngineVersions();
           for (DBEngineVersion dbEngine: dbEngines) {
               System.out.println("The engine version is " +dbEngine.engineVersion());
               System.out.println("The engine description is " +dbEngine.dbEngineDescription());
           }

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    // Modify auto_increment_offset and auto_increment_increment parameters.
    public static void modifyDBParas(RdsClient rdsClient, String dbGroupName) {
        try {
            Parameter parameter1 = Parameter.builder()
                .parameterName("auto_increment_offset")
                .applyMethod("immediate")
                .parameterValue("5")
                .build();

            List<Parameter> paraList = new ArrayList<>();
            paraList.add(parameter1);
            ModifyDbParameterGroupRequest groupRequest = ModifyDbParameterGroupRequest.builder()
                .dbParameterGroupName(dbGroupName)
                .parameters(paraList)
                .build();

            ModifyDbParameterGroupResponse response = rdsClient.modifyDBParameterGroup(groupRequest);
            System.out.println("The parameter group "+ response.dbParameterGroupName() +" was successfully modified");

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

   // Retrieve parameters in the group.
   public static void describeDbParameters(RdsClient rdsClient, String dbGroupName, int flag) {
       try {
           DescribeDbParametersRequest dbParameterGroupsRequest;
           if (flag == 0) {
               dbParameterGroupsRequest = DescribeDbParametersRequest.builder()
                   .dbParameterGroupName(dbGroupName)
                   .build();
           } else {
               dbParameterGroupsRequest = DescribeDbParametersRequest.builder()
                   .dbParameterGroupName(dbGroupName)
                   .source("user")
                   .build();
           }

           DescribeDbParametersResponse response = rdsClient.describeDBParameters(dbParameterGroupsRequest);
           List<Parameter> dbParameters = response.parameters();
           String paraName;
           for (Parameter para: dbParameters) {
               // Only print out information about either auto_increment_offset or auto_increment_increment.
               paraName = para.parameterName();
               if ( (paraName.compareTo("auto_increment_offset") ==0) || (paraName.compareTo("auto_increment_increment ") ==0)) {
                   System.out.println("*** The parameter name is  " + paraName);
                   System.out.println("*** The parameter value is  " + para.parameterValue());
                   System.out.println("*** The parameter data type is " + para.dataType());
                   System.out.println("*** The parameter description is " + para.description());
                   System.out.println("*** The parameter allowed values  is " + para.allowedValues());
               }
           }

       } catch (RdsException e) {
           System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
           System.exit(1);
       }
   }

    public static void describeDbParameterGroups(RdsClient rdsClient, String dbGroupName) {
        try {
            DescribeDbParameterGroupsRequest groupsRequest = DescribeDbParameterGroupsRequest.builder()
                .dbParameterGroupName(dbGroupName)
                .maxRecords(20)
                .build();

            DescribeDbParameterGroupsResponse response = rdsClient.describeDBParameterGroups(groupsRequest);
            List<DBParameterGroup> groups = response.dbParameterGroups();
            for (DBParameterGroup group: groups) {
                System.out.println("The group name is "+group.dbParameterGroupName());
                System.out.println("The group description is "+group.description());
            }

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static void createDBParameterGroup(RdsClient rdsClient, String dbGroupName, String dbParameterGroupFamily) {
        try {
            CreateDbParameterGroupRequest groupRequest = CreateDbParameterGroupRequest.builder()
                .dbParameterGroupName(dbGroupName)
                .dbParameterGroupFamily(dbParameterGroupFamily)
                .description("Created by using the AWS SDK for Java")
                .build();

            CreateDbParameterGroupResponse response = rdsClient.createDBParameterGroup(groupRequest);
            System.out.println("The group name is "+ response.dbParameterGroup().dbParameterGroupName());

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }


    public static void describeDBEngines( RdsClient rdsClient) {
        try {
            DescribeDbEngineVersionsRequest engineVersionsRequest = DescribeDbEngineVersionsRequest.builder()
                .defaultOnly(true)
                .engine("mysql")
                .maxRecords(20)
                .build();

            DescribeDbEngineVersionsResponse response = rdsClient.describeDBEngineVersions(engineVersionsRequest);
            List<DBEngineVersion> engines = response.dbEngineVersions();

            // Get all DBEngineVersion objects.
            for (DBEngineVersion engineOb: engines) {
                System.out.println("The name of the DB parameter group family for the database engine is "+engineOb.dbParameterGroupFamily());
                System.out.println("The name of the database engine "+engineOb.engine());
                System.out.println("The version number of the database engine "+engineOb.engineVersion());
            }

        } catch (RdsException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }
}

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