啟用自訂身分識別代理存取主 AWS 控台 - AWS Identity and Access Management

本文為英文版的機器翻譯版本,如內容有任何歧義或不一致之處,概以英文版為準。

啟用自訂身分識別代理存取主 AWS 控台

您可以運用編寫和執行程式碼來建立 URL 以使登入到您組織網路的使用者能夠安全存取 AWS Management Console。該 URL 包含您從中 AWS 獲取的登錄令牌,用於對用戶進行身份驗證。 AWS產生的主控台工作階段可能因為聯合而包含不同的 AccessKeyId。若要透過相關 CloudTrail 事件追蹤聯合登入的存取金鑰使用情況,請參閱使用以下方式記錄 IAM 和 AWS STS API 呼叫 AWS CloudTrailAWS Management Console 登入事件

注意

如果您的組織使用與 SAML 相容的身分提供者 (IdP),則無需編寫程式碼即可設定對主控台的存取許可。這適用於 Microsoft 的 Active Directory 聯合身分驗證服務或開放原始碼 Shibboleth 等提供者。如需詳細資訊,請參閱 使 SAML 2.0 聯合身分使用者能夠存取 AWS Management Console

若要讓組織的使用者能夠存取 AWS Management Console,您可以建立執行下列步驟的自訂身分識別代理程式:

  1. 確認您的本機身分系統已對使用者進行身分驗證。

  2. 呼叫 AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) AssumeRole(建議) 或 GetFederationTokenAPI 作業,以取得使用者的臨時安全登入資料。要了解在擔任角色時使用的各種方法,請參閱 使用 IAM 角色。若要了解如何在取得您安全憑證時傳遞選用工作階段標籤,請參閱 傳遞工作階段標籤 AWS STS

    • 如果使用某個 AssumeRole* API 操作取得角色的臨時安全性憑證,您可以在呼叫中包含 DurationSeconds 參數。此參數指定 900 秒 (15 分鐘) 到角色的最大工作階段持續時間設定之間的角色工作階段持續時間。當您在 AssumeRole* 操作中使用 DurationSeconds 時,您必須稱之為具有長期憑證的 IAM 使用者。否則,在步驟 3 中對聯合端點的呼叫將失敗。如要了解如何查看或更改角色的最大值,請參閱 查看角色的最大工作階段持續時間設定

    • 如果使用某個 GetFederationToken API 操作取得憑證,您可以在呼叫中包含 DurationSeconds 參數。此參數指定您的角色工作階段的持續時間。該值的範圍是 900 秒 (15 分鐘) 到 129,600 秒 (36 小時)。您只能使用 IAM 使用者的長期 AWS 安全登入資料進行此 API 呼叫。您也可以使用 AWS 帳戶根使用者 認證進行這些呼叫,但我們不建議這樣做。如果您以根使用者身分執行呼叫,則工作階段預設將持續 1 小時。或者,您可以指定 900 秒 (15 分鐘) 到 3,600 秒 (1 小時) 之間的工作階段。

  3. 調用 AWS 聯合端點並提供臨時安全憑據以請求登錄令牌。

  4. 建構包含該權杖的主控台 URL:

    • 如果在 URL 中使用某個 AssumeRole* API 操作,您可以包含 SessionDuration HTTP 參數。此參數指定主控台工作階段持續時間,範圍是 900 秒 (15 分鐘) 到 43200 秒 (12 小時)。

    • 如果在 URL 中使用 GetFederationToken API 操作,您可以包含 DurationSeconds 參數。此參數指定您的聯合身分主控台工作階段的持續時間。該值的範圍是 900 秒 (15 分鐘) 到 129,600 秒 (36 小時)。

      注意
      • 如果使用 SessionDuration 取得臨時憑證,請不要使用 GetFederationToken HTTP 參數。這會導致操作失敗。

      • 使用一個角色的憑證來擔任不同的角色稱為角色鏈結。當您使用角色鏈結時,新憑證的最大持續時間限制為一小時。使用角色授予許可給在 EC2 執行個體上執行的應用程式時,那些應用程式不受此限制。

  5. 將 URL 分配給使用者或代表使用者呼叫 URL。

聯合端點提供的 URL 在建立後的 15 分鐘內有效。這與 URL 關聯的臨時安全性憑證工作階段的持續時間 (以秒為單位) 不同。這些憑證在建立時指定的持續時間內有效,從建立的時間算起。

重要

如果您已在關聯的臨時安全登入 AWS 資料中啟用權限, AWS Management Console 則 URL 會透過授與對您資源的存取權。因此,您應該將 URL 視為機密。我們建議您透過安全的重新引導傳回 URL,例如,在 SSL 連接上使用 302 HTTP 回應狀態碼。如需有關 302 HTTP 回應狀態碼的詳細資訊,請參閱 RFC 2616, section 10.3.3

若要完成這些任務,您可以使用適用於 AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) 的 HTTPS Query APIAWS Security Token Service (AWS STS)。或者,您可以使用程式設計語言 (例如 Java、Ruby 或 C#) 與適當的 AWS 開發套件。這些方法皆在下列主題中有詳述。

您可以建構 URL,讓同盟使用者直接存取 AWS Management Console. 此工作會使用 IAM 和 AWS STS HTTPS 查詢 API。如需有關提出查詢請求的詳細資訊,請參閱提出查詢請求

注意

以下過程包括了文字字串的範例。為增加可讀性,一些較長的範例中加入了分行符號。如果您要建立並使用這些字串,必須省略所有分行符號。

若要讓聯合使用者存取您的資源, AWS Management Console
  1. 在您的身分驗證系統裡驗證該使用者。

  2. 為使用者取得臨時安全性憑證。臨時性憑證由存取金鑰 ID、私密存取金鑰和工作階段字符組成。如需有關建立暫時性憑證檔案的詳細資訊,請參閱 IAM 中的暫時安全憑證

    若要取得臨時登入資料,您可以呼叫 AWS STS AssumeRoleAPI (建議) 或 GetFederationTokenAPI。如需有關這些 API 作業之間差異的詳細資訊,請參閱 AWS 安全性部落格中了解用於安全地委派 AWS 帳戶存取權的 API 選項

    重要

    當您使用 GetFederationTokenAPI 建立臨時安全登入資料時,您必須指定認證授與給擔任該角色的使用者的權限。對於任何以 AssumeRole* 開頭的 API 操作,可使用 IAM 角色來分配許可。對於其他 API 操作,機制會因 API 而異。如需詳細資訊,請參閱 控制臨時安全安全憑證的許可。此外,如果使用 AssumeRole* API 操作,您還必須以具有長期憑證的 IAM 使用者身分來呼叫這些操作。否則,在步驟 3 中對聯合端點的呼叫將失敗。

  3. 在取得臨時安全性憑證後,將其建構到 JSON 工作階段字串以將其交換為登入權杖。以下範例顯示如何為憑證編碼。請將預留位置文字替換為上一步驟中接收的憑證中的適用值。

    {"sessionId":"*** temporary access key ID ***", "sessionKey":"*** temporary secret access key ***", "sessionToken":"*** session token ***"}
  4. URL 編碼前一步驟中的工作階段字串。由於您編碼的資訊是敏感資訊,因此建議您避免對此編碼使用 Web 服務。請改用開發套件中在本機安裝的函數或功能來安全地編碼這些資訊。您可以使用 Python 的 urllib.quote_plus 函數、Java 的 URLEncoder.encode 函數或 Ruby 的 CGI.escape 函數。請參閱本主題後述的範例。

  5. 注意

    AWS 在這裡支持 POST 請求。

    最後,建立聯合身分使用者可用於存取 AWS Management Console 的 URL。此 URL 與您在 步驟 5 中使用的聯合身分 URL 端點相同,外加以下參數:

    ?Action = login &Issuer = *** the form-urlencoded URL for your internal sign-in page *** &Destination = *** the form-urlencoded URL to the desired AWS console page *** &SigninToken = *** the value of SigninToken received in the previous step ***
    注意

    此步驟中的下列指示僅適用於 GET API。

    以下範例顯示 URL 的最終形式。URL 的有效期為 15 分鐘,自建立時算起。在 URL 中嵌入的臨時安全性憑證和主控台工作階段的有效期為在最初請求它們時在 SessionDuration HTTP 參數中指定的持續時間。

    https://signin.aws.amazon.com/federation ?Action=login &Issuer=https%3A%2F%2Fexample.com &Destination=https%3A%2F%2Fconsole.aws.amazon.com%2F &SigninToken=VCQgs5qZZt3Q6fn8Tr5EXAMPLEmLnwB7JjUc-SHwnUUWabcRdnWsi4DBn-dvC CZ85wrD0nmldUcZEXAMPLE-vXYH4Q__mleuF_W2BE5HYexbe9y4Of-kje53SsjNNecATfjIzpW1 WibbnH6YcYRiBoffZBGExbEXAMPLE5aiKX4THWjQKC6gg6alHu6JFrnOJoK3dtP6I9a6hi6yPgm iOkPZMmNGmhsvVxetKzr8mx3pxhHbMEXAMPLETv1pij0rok3IyCR2YVcIjqwfWv32HU2Xlj471u 3fU6uOfUComeKiqTGX974xzJOZbdmX_t_lLrhEXAMPLEDDIisSnyHGw2xaZZqudm4mo2uTDk9Pv 9l5K0ZCqIgEXAMPLEcA6tgLPykEWGUyH6BdSC6166n4M4JkXIQgac7_7821YqixsNxZ6rsrpzwf nQoS14O7R0eJCCJ684EXAMPLEZRdBNnuLbUYpz2Iw3vIN0tQgOujwnwydPscM9F7foaEK3jwMkg Apeb1-6L_OB12MZhuFxx55555EXAMPLEhyETEd4ZulKPdXHkgl6T9ZkIlHz2Uy1RUTUhhUxNtSQ nWc5xkbBoEcXqpoSIeK7yhje9Vzhd61AEXAMPLElbWeouACEMG6-Vd3dAgFYd6i5FYoyFrZLWvm 0LSG7RyYKeYN5VIzUk3YWQpyjP0RiT5KUrsUi-NEXAMPLExMOMdoODBEgKQsk-iu2ozh6r8bxwC RNhujg

以下範例顯示如何使用 Python 以程式設計方式構建授予聯合身分使用者直接存取 AWS Management Console 權限的 URL。以下是兩個範例:

  • 通過 GET 請求聯合 AWS

  • 通過 POST 請求聯合 AWS

這兩個範例都使用AWS SDK for Python (Boto3)AssumeRoleAPI 來取得臨時安全登入資料。

使用 GET 請求

import urllib, json, sys import requests # 'pip install requests' import boto3 # AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) 'pip install boto3' # Step 1: Authenticate user in your own identity system. # Step 2: Using the access keys for an IAM user in your AWS 帳戶, # call "AssumeRole" to get temporary access keys for the federated user # Note: Calls to AWS STS AssumeRole must be signed using the access key ID # and secret access key of an IAM user or using existing temporary credentials. # The credentials can be in Amazon EC2 instance metadata, in environment variables, # or in a configuration file, and will be discovered automatically by the # client('sts') function. For more information, see the Python SDK docs: # http://boto3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/services/sts.html # http://boto3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/services/sts.html#STS.Client.assume_role sts_connection = boto3.client('sts') assumed_role_object = sts_connection.assume_role( RoleArn="arn:aws:iam::account-id:role/ROLE-NAME", RoleSessionName="AssumeRoleSession", ) # Step 3: Format resulting temporary credentials into JSON url_credentials = {} url_credentials['sessionId'] = assumed_role_object.get('Credentials').get('AccessKeyId') url_credentials['sessionKey'] = assumed_role_object.get('Credentials').get('SecretAccessKey') url_credentials['sessionToken'] = assumed_role_object.get('Credentials').get('SessionToken') json_string_with_temp_credentials = json.dumps(url_credentials) # Step 4. Make request to AWS federation endpoint to get sign-in token. Construct the parameter string with # the sign-in action request, a 12-hour session duration, and the JSON document with temporary credentials # as parameters. request_parameters = "?Action=getSigninToken" request_parameters += "&SessionDuration=43200" if sys.version_info[0] < 3: def quote_plus_function(s): return urllib.quote_plus(s) else: def quote_plus_function(s): return urllib.parse.quote_plus(s) request_parameters += "&Session=" + quote_plus_function(json_string_with_temp_credentials) request_url = "https://signin.aws.amazon.com/federation" + request_parameters r = requests.get(request_url) # Returns a JSON document with a single element named SigninToken. signin_token = json.loads(r.text) # Step 5: Create URL where users can use the sign-in token to sign in to # the console. This URL must be used within 15 minutes after the # sign-in token was issued. request_parameters = "?Action=login" request_parameters += "&Issuer=Example.org" request_parameters += "&Destination=" + quote_plus_function("https://console.aws.amazon.com/") request_parameters += "&SigninToken=" + signin_token["SigninToken"] request_url = "https://signin.aws.amazon.com/federation" + request_parameters # Send final URL to stdout print (request_url)

使用 POST 請求

import urllib, json, sys import requests # 'pip install requests' import boto3 # AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) 'pip install boto3' import os from selenium import webdriver # 'pip install selenium', 'brew install chromedriver' # Step 1: Authenticate user in your own identity system. # Step 2: Using the access keys for an IAM user in your AAWS 帳戶, # call "AssumeRole" to get temporary access keys for the federated user # Note: Calls to AWS STS AssumeRole must be signed using the access key ID # and secret access key of an IAM user or using existing temporary credentials. # The credentials can be in Amazon EC2 instance metadata, in environment variables, # or in a configuration file, and will be discovered automatically by the # client('sts') function. For more information, see the Python SDK docs: # http://boto3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/services/sts.html # http://boto3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/services/sts.html#STS.Client.assume_role if sys.version_info[0] < 3: def quote_plus_function(s): return urllib.quote_plus(s) else: def quote_plus_function(s): return urllib.parse.quote_plus(s) sts_connection = boto3.client('sts') assumed_role_object = sts_connection.assume_role( RoleArn="arn:aws:iam::account-id:role/ROLE-NAME", RoleSessionName="AssumeRoleDemoSession", ) # Step 3: Format resulting temporary credentials into JSON url_credentials = {} url_credentials['sessionId'] = assumed_role_object.get('Credentials').get('AccessKeyId') url_credentials['sessionKey'] = assumed_role_object.get('Credentials').get('SecretAccessKey') url_credentials['sessionToken'] = assumed_role_object.get('Credentials').get('SessionToken') json_string_with_temp_credentials = json.dumps(url_credentials) # Step 4. Make request to AWS federation endpoint to get sign-in token. Construct the parameter string with # the sign-in action request, a 12-hour session duration, and the JSON document with temporary credentials # as parameters. request_parameters = {} request_parameters['Action'] = 'getSigninToken' request_parameters['SessionDuration'] = '43200' request_parameters['Session'] = json_string_with_temp_credentials request_url = "https://signin.aws.amazon.com/federation" r = requests.post( request_url, data=request_parameters) # Returns a JSON document with a single element named SigninToken. signin_token = json.loads(r.text) # Step 5: Create a POST request where users can use the sign-in token to sign in to # the console. The POST request must be made within 15 minutes after the # sign-in token was issued. request_parameters = {} request_parameters['Action'] = 'login' request_parameters['Issuer']='Example.org' request_parameters['Destination'] = 'https://console.aws.amazon.com/' request_parameters['SigninToken'] =signin_token['SigninToken'] jsrequest = ''' var form = document.createElement('form'); form.method = 'POST'; form.action = '{request_url}'; request_parameters = {request_parameters} for (var param in request_parameters) {{ if (request_parameters.hasOwnProperty(param)) {{ const hiddenField = document.createElement('input'); hiddenField.type = 'hidden'; hiddenField.name = param; hiddenField.value = request_parameters[param]; form.appendChild(hiddenField); }} }} document.body.appendChild(form); form.submit(); '''.format(request_url=request_url, request_parameters=request_parameters) driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.execute_script(jsrequest);

以下範例顯示如何使用 Java 以程式設計方式構建授予聯合身分使用者直接存取 AWS Management Console 權限的 URL。下列程式碼片段使用 AWS SDK for Java

import java.net.URLEncoder; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLConnection; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStreamReader; // Available at http://www.json.org/java/index.html import org.json.JSONObject; import com.amazonaws.auth.AWSCredentials; import com.amazonaws.auth.BasicAWSCredentials; import com.amazonaws.services.securitytoken.AWSSecurityTokenServiceClient; import com.amazonaws.services.securitytoken.model.Credentials; import com.amazonaws.services.securitytoken.model.GetFederationTokenRequest; import com.amazonaws.services.securitytoken.model.GetFederationTokenResult; /* Calls to AWS STS API operations must be signed using the access key ID and secret access key of an IAM user or using existing temporary credentials. The credentials should not be embedded in code. For this example, the code looks for the credentials in a standard configuration file. */ AWSCredentials credentials = new PropertiesCredentials( AwsConsoleApp.class.getResourceAsStream("AwsCredentials.properties")); AWSSecurityTokenServiceClient stsClient = new AWSSecurityTokenServiceClient(credentials); GetFederationTokenRequest getFederationTokenRequest = new GetFederationTokenRequest(); getFederationTokenRequest.setDurationSeconds(1800); getFederationTokenRequest.setName("UserName"); // A sample policy for accessing Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) in the console. String policy = "{\"Version\":\"2012-10-17\",\"Statement\":[{\"Action\":\"sns:*\"," + "\"Effect\":\"Allow\",\"Resource\":\"*\"}]}"; getFederationTokenRequest.setPolicy(policy); GetFederationTokenResult federationTokenResult = stsClient.getFederationToken(getFederationTokenRequest); Credentials federatedCredentials = federationTokenResult.getCredentials(); // The issuer parameter specifies your internal sign-in // page, for example https://mysignin.internal.mycompany.com/. // The console parameter specifies the URL to the destination console of the // AWS Management Console. This example goes to Amazon SNS. // The signin parameter is the URL to send the request to. String issuerURL = "https://mysignin.internal.mycompany.com/"; String consoleURL = "https://console.aws.amazon.com/sns"; String signInURL = "https://signin.aws.amazon.com/federation"; // Create the sign-in token using temporary credentials, // including the access key ID, secret access key, and session token. String sessionJson = String.format( "{\"%1$s\":\"%2$s\",\"%3$s\":\"%4$s\",\"%5$s\":\"%6$s\"}", "sessionId", federatedCredentials.getAccessKeyId(), "sessionKey", federatedCredentials.getSecretAccessKey(), "sessionToken", federatedCredentials.getSessionToken()); // Construct the sign-in request with the request sign-in token action, a // 12-hour console session duration, and the JSON document with temporary // credentials as parameters. String getSigninTokenURL = signInURL + "?Action=getSigninToken" + "&DurationSeconds=43200" + "&SessionType=json&Session=" + URLEncoder.encode(sessionJson,"UTF-8"); URL url = new URL(getSigninTokenURL); // Send the request to the AWS federation endpoint to get the sign-in token URLConnection conn = url.openConnection (); BufferedReader bufferReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream())); String returnContent = bufferReader.readLine(); String signinToken = new JSONObject(returnContent).getString("SigninToken"); String signinTokenParameter = "&SigninToken=" + URLEncoder.encode(signinToken,"UTF-8"); // The issuer parameter is optional, but recommended. Use it to direct users // to your sign-in page when their session expires. String issuerParameter = "&Issuer=" + URLEncoder.encode(issuerURL, "UTF-8"); // Finally, present the completed URL for the AWS console session to the user String destinationParameter = "&Destination=" + URLEncoder.encode(consoleURL,"UTF-8"); String loginURL = signInURL + "?Action=login" + signinTokenParameter + issuerParameter + destinationParameter;

以下範例顯示如何使用 Ruby 以程式設計方式構建授予聯合身分使用者直接存取 AWS Management Console 權限的 URL。此程式碼片段使用 AWS SDK for Ruby

require 'rubygems' require 'json' require 'open-uri' require 'cgi' require 'aws-sdk' # Create a new STS instance # # Note: Calls to AWS STS API operations must be signed using an access key ID # and secret access key. The credentials can be in EC2 instance metadata # or in environment variables and will be automatically discovered by # the default credentials provider in the AWS Ruby SDK. sts = Aws::STS::Client.new() # The following call creates a temporary session that returns # temporary security credentials and a session token. # The policy grants permissions to work # in the AWS SNS console. session = sts.get_federation_token({ duration_seconds: 1800, name: "UserName", policy: "{\"Version\":\"2012-10-17\",\"Statement\":{\"Effect\":\"Allow\",\"Action\":\"sns:*\",\"Resource\":\"*\"}}", }) # The issuer value is the URL where users are directed (such as # to your internal sign-in page) when their session expires. # # The console value specifies the URL to the destination console. # This example goes to the Amazon SNS console. # # The sign-in value is the URL of the AWS STS federation endpoint. issuer_url = "https://mysignin.internal.mycompany.com/" console_url = "https://console.aws.amazon.com/sns" signin_url = "https://signin.aws.amazon.com/federation" # Create a block of JSON that contains the temporary credentials # (including the access key ID, secret access key, and session token). session_json = { :sessionId => session.credentials[:access_key_id], :sessionKey => session.credentials[:secret_access_key], :sessionToken => session.credentials[:session_token] }.to_json # Call the federation endpoint, passing the parameters # created earlier and the session information as a JSON block. # The request returns a sign-in token that's valid for 15 minutes. # Signing in to the console with the token creates a session # that is valid for 12 hours. get_signin_token_url = signin_url + "?Action=getSigninToken" + "&SessionType=json&Session=" + CGI.escape(session_json) returned_content = URI.parse(get_signin_token_url).read # Extract the sign-in token from the information returned # by the federation endpoint. signin_token = JSON.parse(returned_content)['SigninToken'] signin_token_param = "&SigninToken=" + CGI.escape(signin_token) # Create the URL to give to the user, which includes the # sign-in token and the URL of the console to open. # The "issuer" parameter is optional but recommended. issuer_param = "&Issuer=" + CGI.escape(issuer_url) destination_param = "&Destination=" + CGI.escape(console_url) login_url = signin_url + "?Action=login" + signin_token_param + issuer_param + destination_param