$dateDiff

5.0 版的新功能

Elastic 叢集不支援。

$dateDiff 彙總運算子會以指定的單位計算兩個日期之間的差異。它會傳回開始和結束日期之間跨越的單位邊界數目。

參數

• startDate：開始日期表達式。

• endDate：結束日期表達式。

• unit：差異的時間單位。支援的單位為 year、quarter、month、week、day、hourminute、、 second和 millisecond。

範例 (MongoDB Shell)

下列範例示範如何使用 $dateDiff運算子來計算訂單置放和交付之間的天數。

建立範例文件

db.shipments.insertMany([
  {
    orderId: 1001,
    orderDate: ISODate("2025-01-10T08:00:00Z"),
    deliveryDate: ISODate("2025-01-15T14:30:00Z")
  },
  {
    orderId: 1002,
    orderDate: ISODate("2025-02-05T10:00:00Z"),
    deliveryDate: ISODate("2025-02-12T16:45:00Z")
  }
]);

查詢範例

db.shipments.aggregate([
  {
    $project: {
      orderId: 1,
      orderDate: 1,
      deliveryDate: 1,
      daysToDeliver: {
        $dateDiff: {
          startDate: "$orderDate",
          endDate: "$deliveryDate",
          unit: "day"
        }
      }
    }
  }
]);

輸出

[
  {
    _id: ObjectId('6924a5f2d66dcae121d29517'),
    orderId: 1001,
    orderDate: ISODate('2025-01-10T08:00:00.000Z'),
    deliveryDate: ISODate('2025-01-15T14:30:00.000Z'),
    daysToDeliver: 5
  },
  {
    _id: ObjectId('6924a5f2d66dcae121d29518'),
    orderId: 1002,
    orderDate: ISODate('2025-02-05T10:00:00.000Z'),
    deliveryDate: ISODate('2025-02-12T16:45:00.000Z'),
    daysToDeliver: 7
  }
]

程式碼範例

若要檢視使用 $dateDiff命令的程式碼範例，請選擇您要使用的語言標籤：

Node.js

const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');

async function example() {
  const client = await MongoClient.connect('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false');
  const db = client.db('test');
  const shipments = db.collection('shipments');
  
  const result = await shipments.aggregate([
    {
      $project: {
        orderId: 1,
        orderDate: 1,
        deliveryDate: 1,
        daysToDeliver: {
          $dateDiff: {
            startDate: "$orderDate",
            endDate: "$deliveryDate",
            unit: "day"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  ]).toArray();
  
  console.log(result);
  client.close();
}

example();

Python

from pymongo import MongoClient

def example():
    client = MongoClient('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false')
    db = client['test']
    shipments = db['shipments']
    
    result = list(shipments.aggregate([
        {
            "$project": {
                "orderId": 1,
                "orderDate": 1,
                "deliveryDate": 1,
                "daysToDeliver": {
                    "$dateDiff": {
                        "startDate": "$orderDate",
                        "endDate": "$deliveryDate",
                        "unit": "day"
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    ]))
    
    print(result)
    client.close()

example()