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$minN - Amazon DocumentDB

本文為英文版的機器翻譯版本,如內容有任何歧義或不一致之處,概以英文版為準。

$minN

8.0.1 版的新功能。

Amazon DocumentDB 中的$minN運算子會傳回 N 個最小值。在$group階段中用作累積器時,它會傳回每個群組中 N 個最小值的陣列。用作陣列表達式運算子時,它會傳回陣列的 N 個最小元素。

參數

  • input:解析為要傳回n最小值的陣列或欄位的表達式。

  • n:解析為正整數的表達式,指定要傳回多少最小值。

Behavior (行為)

陣列表達式運算子行為

  • 您無法指定n小於 的值1。

  • $minN 會篩選掉input陣列中找到null的值。

  • 如果指定的 n 大於或等於input陣列中的元素數目,則 會$minN傳回input陣列中的所有元素。

  • 如果 input解析為非陣列值,則彙總操作錯誤。

  • 如果 同時input包含數值和字串元素,則會根據 BSON 比較順序,在字串元素之前排序數值元素。

累積器行為

  • 用作累積器時, n 必須是正整數表達式,其為常數或取決於 _id的值$group。

  • $minN 會篩選掉 null 值和遺失值。

  • 如果群組包含的n元素少於 個,則 會$minN傳回群組中的所有元素。

  • $minN 會依照 BSON 比較順序比較輸入資料,以判斷適當的輸出類型。當輸入資料包含多個資料類型時,$minN輸出類型是比較順序中最低的。

輸出排序

$minN 不會以特定排序順序傳回值。如果需要保證特定排序順序,請$bottomN改用 ,或使用 包裝結果$sortArray。

範例 (MongoDB Shell)

下列範例顯示如何使用$minN累積器擷取每個主題的兩個最低分數。

建立範例文件

db.scores.insertMany([ { subject: "math", score: 85 }, { subject: "math", score: 72 }, { subject: "math", score: 93 }, { subject: "math", score: 68 }, { subject: "science", score: 90 }, { subject: "science", score: 78 }, { subject: "science", score: 65 }, { subject: "science", score: 88 } ]);

查詢範例

db.scores.aggregate([ { $group: { _id: "$subject", lowestTwo: { $minN: { input: "$score", n: 2 } } } } ]);

輸出

[ { "_id": "math", "lowestTwo": [72, 68] }, { "_id": "science", "lowestTwo": [78, 65] } ]

表達式用量範例 (MongoDB Shell)

運算$minN子也可以用作$project階段內的表達式,從陣列欄位中傳回 N 個最小元素。

建立範例文件

db.readings.insertMany([ { _id: 1, sensor: "A", values: [45, 12, 78, 3, 56] }, { _id: 2, sensor: "B", values: [90, 23, 67, 11, 44] } ]);

查詢範例

db.readings.aggregate([ { $project: { lowestThree: { $minN: { input: "$values", n: 3 } } }} ]);

輸出

[ { "_id": 1, "lowestThree": [45, 12, 3] }, { "_id": 2, "lowestThree": [44, 23, 11] } ]

視窗運算子用量範例 (MongoDB Shell)

8.0.2 版的新功能。

該$minN運算子也可以用作$setWindowFields階段中的視窗運算子。在這種情況下,它會傳回每個視窗中文件的n最小值的陣列。您可以在 output 欄位下指定運算子,並選擇性地使用window文件定義視窗邊界。

注意

在 中用作視窗運算子時$setWindowFields, 限制$minN為 100 MB 的中繼資料。超過此限制的操作會傳回錯誤。

建立範例文件

db.stockPrices.insertMany([ { _id: 1, ticker: "ABC", hour: 1, price: 50 }, { _id: 2, ticker: "ABC", hour: 2, price: 45 }, { _id: 3, ticker: "ABC", hour: 3, price: 60 }, { _id: 4, ticker: "ABC", hour: 4, price: 40 }, { _id: 5, ticker: "XYZ", hour: 1, price: 30 }, { _id: 6, ticker: "XYZ", hour: 2, price: 35 }, { _id: 7, ticker: "XYZ", hour: 3, price: 25 } ]);

查詢範例

下列範例會依 分割文件ticker、依 排序每個分割區hour,並傳回從分割區開頭到目前文件的兩個最低價格。

db.stockPrices.aggregate([ { $setWindowFields: { partitionBy: "$ticker", sortBy: { hour: 1 }, output: { lowestTwoSoFar: { $minN: { input: "$price", n: 2 }, window: { documents: ["unbounded", "current"] } } } } } ]);

輸出

[ { "_id": 1, "ticker": "ABC", "hour": 1, "price": 50, "lowestTwoSoFar": [50] }, { "_id": 2, "ticker": "ABC", "hour": 2, "price": 45, "lowestTwoSoFar": [45, 50] }, { "_id": 3, "ticker": "ABC", "hour": 3, "price": 60, "lowestTwoSoFar": [45, 50] }, { "_id": 4, "ticker": "ABC", "hour": 4, "price": 40, "lowestTwoSoFar": [40, 45] }, { "_id": 5, "ticker": "XYZ", "hour": 1, "price": 30, "lowestTwoSoFar": [30] }, { "_id": 6, "ticker": "XYZ", "hour": 2, "price": 35, "lowestTwoSoFar": [30, 35] }, { "_id": 7, "ticker": "XYZ", "hour": 3, "price": 25, "lowestTwoSoFar": [25, 30] } ]

每個文件都會以 擴增lowestTwoSoFar,也就是其視窗內的兩個最小price值。如輸出排序區段所述,不保證傳回陣列中的值順序。

程式碼範例

若要檢視使用 $minN 運算子的程式碼範例,請選擇您要使用的語言標籤。下列範例顯示累積器用量 (在 中$group)、表達式用量 (在 中$project) 和視窗運算子用量 (在 中$setWindowFields):

Node.js
const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb'); async function example() { const client = new MongoClient('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false'); try { await client.connect(); const db = client.db('test'); // Accumulator usage: N smallest values per group const scores = db.collection('scores'); await scores.insertMany([ { subject: "math", score: 85 }, { subject: "math", score: 72 }, { subject: "math", score: 93 }, { subject: "math", score: 68 }, { subject: "science", score: 90 }, { subject: "science", score: 78 }, { subject: "science", score: 65 }, { subject: "science", score: 88 } ]); const accumulatorResult = await scores.aggregate([ { $group: { _id: "$subject", lowestTwo: { $minN: { input: "$score", n: 2 } } } } ]).toArray(); console.log('Accumulator result:', accumulatorResult); // Expression usage: N smallest elements from an array field const readings = db.collection('readings'); await readings.insertMany([ { _id: 1, sensor: "A", values: [45, 12, 78, 3, 56] }, { _id: 2, sensor: "B", values: [90, 23, 67, 11, 44] } ]); const expressionResult = await readings.aggregate([ { $project: { lowestThree: { $minN: { input: "$values", n: 3 } } } } ]).toArray(); console.log('Expression result:', expressionResult); // Window operator usage: N smallest values over a window in each partition const stockPrices = db.collection('stockPrices'); await stockPrices.insertMany([ { _id: 1, ticker: "ABC", hour: 1, price: 50 }, { _id: 2, ticker: "ABC", hour: 2, price: 45 }, { _id: 3, ticker: "ABC", hour: 3, price: 60 }, { _id: 4, ticker: "ABC", hour: 4, price: 40 }, { _id: 5, ticker: "XYZ", hour: 1, price: 30 }, { _id: 6, ticker: "XYZ", hour: 2, price: 35 }, { _id: 7, ticker: "XYZ", hour: 3, price: 25 } ]); const windowResult = await stockPrices.aggregate([ { $setWindowFields: { partitionBy: "$ticker", sortBy: { hour: 1 }, output: { lowestTwoSoFar: { $minN: { input: "$price", n: 2 }, window: { documents: ["unbounded", "current"] } } } } } ]).toArray(); console.log('Window result:', windowResult); } finally { await client.close(); } } example();
Python
from pymongo import MongoClient def example(): client = MongoClient('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false') try: db = client['test'] # Accumulator usage: N smallest values per group scores = db['scores'] scores.insert_many([ { 'subject': 'math', 'score': 85 }, { 'subject': 'math', 'score': 72 }, { 'subject': 'math', 'score': 93 }, { 'subject': 'math', 'score': 68 }, { 'subject': 'science', 'score': 90 }, { 'subject': 'science', 'score': 78 }, { 'subject': 'science', 'score': 65 }, { 'subject': 'science', 'score': 88 } ]) accumulator_result = list(scores.aggregate([ { '$group': { '_id': '$subject', 'lowestTwo': { '$minN': { 'input': '$score', 'n': 2 } } } } ])) print('Accumulator result:', accumulator_result) # Expression usage: N smallest elements from an array field readings = db['readings'] readings.insert_many([ { '_id': 1, 'sensor': 'A', 'values': [45, 12, 78, 3, 56] }, { '_id': 2, 'sensor': 'B', 'values': [90, 23, 67, 11, 44] } ]) expression_result = list(readings.aggregate([ { '$project': { 'lowestThree': { '$minN': { 'input': '$values', 'n': 3 } } } } ])) print('Expression result:', expression_result) # Window operator usage: N smallest values over a window in each partition stock_prices = db['stockPrices'] stock_prices.insert_many([ { '_id': 1, 'ticker': 'ABC', 'hour': 1, 'price': 50 }, { '_id': 2, 'ticker': 'ABC', 'hour': 2, 'price': 45 }, { '_id': 3, 'ticker': 'ABC', 'hour': 3, 'price': 60 }, { '_id': 4, 'ticker': 'ABC', 'hour': 4, 'price': 40 }, { '_id': 5, 'ticker': 'XYZ', 'hour': 1, 'price': 30 }, { '_id': 6, 'ticker': 'XYZ', 'hour': 2, 'price': 35 }, { '_id': 7, 'ticker': 'XYZ', 'hour': 3, 'price': 25 } ]) window_result = list(stock_prices.aggregate([ { '$setWindowFields': { 'partitionBy': '$ticker', 'sortBy': { 'hour': 1 }, 'output': { 'lowestTwoSoFar': { '$minN': { 'input': '$price', 'n': 2 }, 'window': { 'documents': ['unbounded', 'current'] } } } } } ])) print('Window result:', window_result) finally: client.close() example()