DB instance classes - Amazon Relational Database Service
DB instance class typesSupported DB enginesChanging your DB instance classConfiguring the processorHardware specifications

DB instance classes

The DB instance class determines the computation and memory capacity of an Amazon RDS DB instance. The DB instance class you need depends on your processing power and memory requirements.

For more information about instance class pricing, see Amazon RDS pricing.

DB instance class types

Amazon RDS supports three types of instance classes: Standard, Memory Optimized, and Burstable Performance. For more information about Amazon EC2 instance types, see Instance type in the Amazon EC2 documentation.

The following are the Standard DB instance classes available:

  • Preview db.m6g – Newest-generation general-purpose instance classes powered by AWS Graviton2 processors. These deliver balanced compute, memory, and networking for a broad range a general purpose workloads.

    Note

    Graviton2 DB instance classes are now available in preview release.

    Don't use the db.m6g preview DB instance classes with production databases. Your participation in this preview is governed by section 2 of the AWS service terms.

  • db.m5 – Latest-generation general-purpose instance classes that provide a balance of compute, memory, and network resources, and are a good choice for many applications. The db.m5 instance classes provide more computing capacity than the previous db.m4 instance classes. They are powered by the AWS Nitro System, a combination of dedicated hardware and lightweight hypervisor.

  • db.m4 – Current-generation general-purpose instance classes that provide more computing capacity than the previous db.m3 instance classes.

  • db.m3 – Previous-generation general-purpose instance classes that provide more computing capacity than the previous db.m1 instance classes.

  • db.m1 – Previous-generation general-purpose instance classes.

The following are the Memory Optimized DB instance classes available:

  • db.z1d – Latest-generation instance classes optimized for memory-intensive applications. These offer both high compute capacity and a high memory footprint. High frequency z1d instances deliver a sustained all core frequency of up to 4.0 GHz.

  • db.x1e – Latest-generation instance classes optimized for memory-intensive applications. These offer one of the lowest price per GiB of RAM among the DB instance classes and up to 3,904 GiB of DRAM-based instance memory. The db.x1e instance classes are available only in the following regions: US East (N. Virginia), US West (Oregon), Europe (Ireland), Asia Pacific (Tokyo), and Asia Pacific (Sydney).

  • db.x1 – Current-generation instance classes optimized for memory-intensive applications. These offer one of the lowest price per GiB of RAM among the DB instance classes and up to 1,952 GiB of DRAM-based instance memory.

  • Preview db.r6g – Newest-generation instance classes powered by AWS Graviton2 processors. These are ideal for running memory-intensive workloads in open-source databases such as MySQL and PostgreSQL.

    Note

    Graviton2 DB instance classes are now available in preview release.

    Don't use the db.r6g preview DB instance classes with production databases. Your participation in this preview is governed by section 2 of the AWS service terms.

  • db.r5 – Latest-generation instance classes optimized for memory-intensive applications. These offer improved networking and Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) performance. They are powered by the AWS Nitro System, a combination of dedicated hardware and lightweight hypervisor.

  • db.r4 – Current-generation instance classes optimized for memory-intensive applications. These offer improved networking and Amazon EBS performance.

  • db.r3 – Previous-generation instance classes that provide memory optimization. The db.r3 instances classes are not available in the Europe (Paris) region and the South America (São Paulo) region.

  • db.m2 – Previous-generation memory-optimized instance classes.

The following are the Burstable Performance DB instance classes available:

  • db.t3 – Latest-generation instance classes that provide a baseline performance level, with the ability to burst to full CPU usage. These instance classes provide more computing capacity than the previous db.t2 instance classes. They are powered by the AWS Nitro System, a combination of dedicated hardware and lightweight hypervisor.

  • db.t2 – Current-generation instance classes that provide a baseline performance level, with the ability to burst to full CPU usage.

Note

The DB instance classes that use the AWS Nitro System (db.m5, db.r5, db.t3) are throttled on combined read plus write workload.

For DB instance class hardware specifications, see Hardware specifications for DB instance classes .

Supported DB engines for DB instance classes

The following are DB engine considerations for DB instance classes:

Microsoft SQL Server

Instance class support varies according to the version and edition of SQL Server. For instance class support by version and edition, see DB instance class support for Microsoft SQL Server.

MySQL

The Graviton2 preview instance classes db.m6g and db.r6g are supported for Amazon RDS MySQL versions 8.0.17 and higher.

Oracle

Instance class support varies according to the version and edition of Oracle. For instance class support by version and edition, see DB instance class support for Oracle.

PostgreSQL

The Graviton2 preview instance classes db.m6g and db.r6g are supported for Amazon RDS PostgreSQL versions 12.3 and higher.

In the following table, you can find details about supported Amazon RDS DB instance classes for each Amazon RDS DB engine.

Instance class MariaDB Microsoft SQL Server MySQL Oracle PostgreSQL
Preview db.m6g – Newest Generation Standard Instance Classes
db.m6g.16xlarge No No Preview for 8.0.17 & higher No Preview for 12.3 & higher
db.m6g.12xlarge No No Preview for 8.0.17 & higher No Preview for 12.3 & higher
db.m6g.8xlarge No No Preview for 8.0.17 & higher No Preview for 12.3 & higher
db.m6g.4xlarge No No Preview for 8.0.17 & higher No Preview for 12.3 & higher
db.m6g.2xlarge No No Preview for 8.0.17 & higher No Preview for 12.3 & higher
db.m6g.xlarge No No Preview for 8.0.17 & higher No Preview for 12.3 & higher
db.m6g.large No No Preview for 8.0.17 & higher No Preview for 12.3 & higher
db.m5 – Latest Generation Standard Instance Classes
db.m5.24xlarge Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
db.m5.16xlarge Yes Yes Yes Yes PostgreSQL 11.6 & higher, 10.11 & higher, 9.6.16 & higher, 9.5.20 & higher
db.m5.12xlarge Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
db.m5.8xlarge Yes Yes Yes Yes PostgreSQL 11.6 & higher, 10.11 & higher, 9.6.16 & higher, 9.5.20 & higher
db.m5.4xlarge Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
db.m5.2xlarge Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
db.m5.xlarge Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
db.m5.large Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
db.m4 – Current Generation Standard Instance Classes
db.m4.16xlarge Yes

Yes

 MySQL 8.0, 5.7, 5.6

Yes

 Yes
db.m4.10xlarge Yes

Yes

 Yes

Yes

 Yes
db.m4.4xlarge Yes

Yes

 Yes

Yes

 Yes
db.m4.2xlarge Yes

Yes

 Yes

Yes

 Yes
db.m4.xlarge Yes

Yes

 Yes

Yes

 Yes
db.m4.large Yes

Yes

 Yes

Yes

 Yes
db.m3 – Previous Generation Standard Instance Classes
db.m3.2xlarge No

Yes

 Yes

Deprecated

 Yes
db.m3.xlarge No

Yes

 Yes

Deprecated

 Yes
db.m3.large No

Yes

 Yes

Deprecated

 Yes
db.m3.medium No

Yes

 Yes

Deprecated

 Yes
db.m1 – Previous Generation Standard Instance Classes
db.m1.xlarge No

Yes

 Deprecated

Deprecated

 Deprecated
db.m1.large No

Yes

 Deprecated

Deprecated

 Deprecated
db.m1.medium No

Yes

 Deprecated

Deprecated

 Deprecated
db.m1.small No

Yes

 Deprecated

Deprecated

 Deprecated
db.z1d – Latest Generation Memory Optimized Instance Classes
db.z1d.12xlarge No Yes No

Yes

 No
db.z1d.6xlarge No Yes No

Yes

 No
db.z1d.3xlarge No Yes No

Yes

 No
db.z1d.2xlarge No Yes No

Yes

 No
db.z1d.xlarge No Yes No

Yes

 No
db.z1d.large No Yes No

Yes

 No
db.x1e – Latest Generation Memory Optimized Instance Classes
db.x1e.32xlarge No Yes No

Yes

 No
db.x1e.16xlarge No Yes No

Yes

 No
db.x1e.8xlarge No Yes No

Yes

 No
db.x1e.4xlarge No Yes No

Yes

 No
db.x1e.2xlarge No Yes No

Yes

 No
db.x1e.xlarge No Yes No

Yes

 No
db.x1 – Current Generation Memory Optimized Instance Classes
db.x1.32xlarge No Yes No

Yes

 No
db.x1.16xlarge No Yes No

Yes

 No
Preview db.r6g – Newest Generation Memory Optimized Instance Classes
db.r6g.16xlarge No No Preview for 8.0.17 & higher No Preview for 12.3 & higher
db.r6g.12xlarge No No Preview for 8.0.17 & higher No Preview for 12.3 & higher
db.r6g.4xlarge No No Preview for 8.0.17 & higher No Preview for 12.3 & higher
db.r6g.2xlarge No No Preview for 8.0.17 & higher No Preview for 12.3 & higher
db.r6g.xlarge No No Preview for 8.0.17 & higher No Preview for 12.3 & higher
db.r6g.large No No Preview for 8.0.17 & higher No Preview for 12.3 & higher
db.r5 – Latest Generation Memory Optimized Instance Classes
db.r5.24xlarge Yes Yes Yes

Yes

 Yes
db.r5.16xlarge Yes Yes Yes Yes PostgreSQL 11.6 & higher, 10.11 & higher, 9.6.16 & higher, 9.5.20 & higher
db.r5.12xlarge Yes Yes Yes

Yes

 Yes
db.r5.8xlarge Yes Yes Yes Yes PostgreSQL 11.6 & higher, 10.11 & higher, 9.6.16 & higher, 9.5.20 & higher
db.r5.4xlarge Yes Yes Yes

Yes

 Yes
db.r5.2xlarge Yes Yes Yes

Yes

 Yes
db.r5.xlarge Yes Yes Yes

Yes

 Yes
db.r5.large Yes Yes Yes

Yes

 Yes
db.r4 – Current Generation Memory Optimized Instance Classes
db.r4.16xlarge Yes

Yes

 MySQL 8.0, 5.7, 5.6

Yes

 Yes
db.r4.8xlarge Yes

Yes

 MySQL 8.0, 5.7, 5.6

Yes

 Yes
db.r4.4xlarge Yes

Yes

 MySQL 8.0, 5.7, 5.6

Yes

 Yes
db.r4.2xlarge Yes

Yes

 MySQL 8.0, 5.7, 5.6

Yes

 Yes
db.r4.xlarge Yes

Yes

 MySQL 8.0, 5.7, 5.6

Yes

 Yes
db.r4.large Yes

Yes

 MySQL 8.0, 5.7, 5.6

Yes

 Yes
db.r3 – Previous Generation Memory Optimized Instance Classes
db.r3.8xlarge Yes

Yes

 Yes

Deprecated

 Yes
db.r3.4xlarge Yes

Yes

 Yes

Deprecated

 Yes
db.r3.2xlarge Yes

Yes

 Yes

Deprecated

 Yes
db.r3.xlarge Yes

Yes

 Yes

Deprecated

 Yes
db.r3.large Yes

Yes

 Yes

Deprecated

 Yes
db.m2 – Previous Generation Memory Optimized Instance Classes
db.m2.4xlarge No

Yes

 Deprecated

Deprecated

 Deprecated
db.m2.2xlarge No

Yes

 Deprecated

Deprecated

 Deprecated
db.m2.xlarge No

Yes

 Deprecated

Deprecated

 Deprecated
db.t3 – Latest Generation Burstable Performance Instance Classes
db.t3.2xlarge Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
db.t3.xlarge Yes Yes Yes

Yes

 Yes
db.t3.large Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
db.t3.medium Yes Yes Yes

Yes

 Yes
db.t3.small Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
db.t3.micro Yes No Yes Yes Yes
db.t2 – Current Generation Burstable Performance Instance Classes
db.t2.2xlarge Yes No MySQL 8.0, 5.7, 5.6

Deprecated

 PostgreSQL 9.6, 9.5
db.t2.xlarge Yes No MySQL 8.0, 5.7, 5.6

Deprecated

 PostgreSQL 9.6, 9.5
db.t2.large Yes

Yes

 Yes

Deprecated

 Yes
db.t2.medium Yes

Yes

 Yes

Deprecated

 Yes
db.t2.small Yes

Yes

 Yes

Deprecated

 Yes
db.t2.micro Yes

Yes

 Yes

Deprecated

 Yes

Changing your DB instance class

You can change the CPU and memory available to a DB instance by changing its DB instance class. To change the DB instance class, modify your DB instance by following the instructions in Modifying an Amazon RDS DB instance.

Some instance classes require that your DB instance is in a VPC. If your current DB instance isn't in a VPC, and you want to use an instance class that requires one, first move your DB instance into a VPC. For more information, see Moving a DB instance not in a VPC into a VPC.

Configuring the processor for a DB instance class

Amazon RDS DB instance classes support Intel Hyper-Threading Technology, which enables multiple threads to run concurrently on a single Intel Xeon CPU core. Each thread is represented as a virtual CPU (vCPU) on the DB instance. A DB instance has a default number of CPU cores, which varies according to DB instance type. For example, a db.m4.xlarge DB instance type has two CPU cores and two threads per core by default—four vCPUs in total.

Note

Each vCPU is a hyperthread of an Intel Xeon CPU core.

Overview of configuring the processor

In most cases, you can find a DB instance class that has a combination of memory and number of vCPUs to suit your workloads. However, you can also specify the following processor features to optimize your DB instance for specific workloads or business needs:

  • Number of CPU cores – You can customize the number of CPU cores for the DB instance. You might do this to potentially optimize the licensing costs of your software with a DB instance that has sufficient amounts of RAM for memory-intensive workloads but fewer CPU cores.

  • Threads per core – You can disable Intel Hyper-Threading Technology by specifying a single thread per CPU core. You might do this for certain workloads, such as high-performance computing (HPC) workloads.

You can control the number of CPU cores and threads for each core separately. You can set one or both in a request. After a setting is associated with a DB instance, the setting persists until you change it.

The processor settings for a DB instance are associated with snapshots of the DB instance. When a snapshot is restored, its restored DB instance uses the processor feature settings used when the snapshot was taken.

If you modify the DB instance class for a DB instance with nondefault processor settings, either specify default processor settings or explicitly specify processor settings at modification. This requirement ensures that you are aware of the third-party licensing costs that might be incurred when you modify the DB instance.

There is no additional or reduced charge for specifying processor features on an Amazon RDS DB instance. You're charged the same as for DB instances that are launched with default CPU configurations.

CPU cores and threads per CPU core per DB instance class

In the following table, you can find the DB instance classes that support setting a number of CPU cores and CPU threads per core. You can also find the default value and the valid values for the number of CPU cores and CPU threads per core for each DB instance class.

DB instance class Default vCPUs Default CPU cores Default threads per core Valid number of CPU cores Valid number of threads per core

db.m5.large

2

1

2

1

1, 2

db.m5.xlarge

4

2

2

2

1, 2

db.m5.2xlarge

8

4

2

2, 4

1, 2

db.m5.4xlarge

16

8

2

2, 4, 6, 8

1, 2

db.m5.8xlarge

32

16

2

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16

1, 2

db.m5.12xlarge

48

24

2

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24

1, 2

db.m5.16xlarge

64

32

2

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32

1, 2

db.m5.24xlarge

96

48

2

4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48

1, 2

db.m4.10xlarge

40

20

2

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20

1, 2

db.m4.16xlarge

64

32

2

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32

1, 2

db.r3.large

2

1

2

1

1, 2

db.r3.xlarge

4

2

2

1, 2

1, 2

db.r3.2xlarge

8

4

2

1, 2, 3, 4

1, 2

db.r3.4xlarge

16

8

2

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

1, 2

db.r3.8xlarge

32

16

2

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16

1, 2

db.r5.large

2

1

2

1

1, 2

db.r5.xlarge

4

2

2

2

1, 2

db.r5.2xlarge

8

4

2

2, 4

1, 2

db.r5.4xlarge

16

8

2

2, 4, 6, 8

1, 2

db.r5.8xlarge

32

16

2

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16

1, 2

db.r5.12xlarge

48

24

2

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24

1, 2

db.r5.16xlarge

64

32

2

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32

1, 2

db.r5.24xlarge

96

48

2

4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48

1, 2

db.r4.large

2

1

2

1

1, 2

db.r4.xlarge

4

2

2

1, 2

1, 2

db.r4.2xlarge

8

4

2

1, 2, 3, 4

1, 2

db.r4.4xlarge

16

8

2

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

1, 2

db.r4.8xlarge

32

16

2

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16

1, 2

db.r4.16xlarge

64

32

2

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32

1, 2

db.x1.16xlarge

64

32

2

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32

1, 2

db.x1.32xlarge

128

64

2

4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64

1, 2

db.x1e.xlarge

4

2

2

1, 2

1, 2

db.x1e.2xlarge

8

4

2

1, 2, 3, 4

1, 2

db.x1e.4xlarge

16

8

2

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

1, 2

db.x1e.8xlarge

32

16

2

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16

1, 2

db.x1e.16xlarge

64

32

2

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32

1, 2

db.x1e.32xlarge

128

64

2

4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64

1, 2

db.z1d.large

2

1

2

1

1, 2

db.z1d.xlarge

4

2

2

2

1, 2

db.z1d.2xlarge

8

4

2

2, 4

1, 2

db.z1d.3xlarge

12

6

2

2, 4, 6

1, 2

db.z1d.6xlarge

24

12

2

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12

1, 2

db.z1d.12xlarge

48

24

2

4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24

1, 2

Currently, you can configure the number of CPU cores and threads per core only when the following conditions are met:

  • You are configuring an Oracle DB instance. For information about the DB instance classes supported by different Oracle database editions, see DB instance class support for Oracle

  • Your instance is using the Bring Your Own License (BYOL) licensing option. For more information about Oracle licensing options, see Oracle licensing options.

Note

You can use AWS CloudTrail to monitor and audit changes to the process configuration of Amazon RDS for Oracle DB instances. For more information about using CloudTrail, see Working with AWS CloudTrail and Amazon RDS .

Setting the CPU cores and threads per CPU core for a DB instance class

You can configure the number of CPU cores and threads per core for the DB instance class when you perform the following operations:

Note

When you modify a DB instance to configure the number of CPU cores or threads per core, there is a brief DB instance outage.

You can set the CPU cores and the threads per CPU core for a DB instance class using the AWS Management Console, the AWS CLI, or the RDS API.

When you are creating, modifying, or restoring a DB instance, you set the DB instance class in the AWS Management Console. The Instance specifications section shows options for the processor. The following image shows the processor features options.

Configure processor options

Set the following options to the appropriate values for your DB instance class under Processor features:

  • Core count – Set the number of CPU cores using this option. The value must be equal to or less than the maximum number of CPU cores for the DB instance class.

  • Threads per core – Specify 2 to enable multiple threads per core, or specify 1 to disable multiple threads per core.

When you modify or restore a DB instance, you can also set the CPU cores and the threads per CPU core to the defaults for the instance class.

When you view the details for a DB instance in the console, you can view the processor information for its DB instance class on the Configuration tab. The following image shows a DB instance class with one CPU core and multiple threads per core enabled.

View processor options

For Oracle DB instances, the processor information only appears for Bring Your Own License (BYOL) DB instances.

You can set the processor features for a DB instance when you run one of the following AWS CLI commands:

To configure the processor of a DB instance class for a DB instance by using the AWS CLI, include the --processor-features option in the command. Specify the number of CPU cores with the coreCount feature name, and specify whether multiple threads per core are enabled with the threadsPerCore feature name.

The option has the following syntax.


--processor-features "Name=coreCount,Value=<value>" "Name=threadsPerCore,Value=<value>"

The following are examples that configure the processor:

Setting the number of CPU cores for a DB instance

The following example modifies mydbinstance by setting the number of CPU cores to 4. The changes are applied immediately by using --apply-immediately. If you want to apply the changes during the next scheduled maintenance window, omit the --apply-immediately option.

For Linux, macOS, or Unix:

aws rds modify-db-instance \
    --processor-features "Name=coreCount,Value=4" \
    --apply-immediately

For Windows:

aws rds modify-db-instance ^
    --processor-features "Name=coreCount,Value=4" ^
    --apply-immediately
Setting the number of CPU cores and disabling multiple threads for a DB instance

The following example modifies mydbinstance by setting the number of CPU cores to 4 and disabling multiple threads per core. The changes are applied immediately by using --apply-immediately. If you want to apply the changes during the next scheduled maintenance window, omit the --apply-immediately option.

For Linux, macOS, or Unix:

aws rds modify-db-instance \
    --processor-features "Name=coreCount,Value=4" "Name=threadsPerCore,Value=1" \
    --apply-immediately

For Windows:

aws rds modify-db-instance ^
    --processor-features "Name=coreCount,Value=4" "Name=threadsPerCore,Value=1" ^
    --apply-immediately
Viewing the valid processor values for a DB instance class

You can view the valid processor values for a particular DB instance class by running the describe-orderable-db-instance-options command and specifying the instance class for the --db-instance-class option. For example, the output for the following command shows the processor options for the db.r3.large instance class. 

aws rds describe-orderable-db-instance-options --engine oracle-ee --db-instance-class db.r3.large

Following is sample output for the command in JSON format.

    {
                "SupportsIops": true,
                "MaxIopsPerGib": 50.0,
                "LicenseModel": "bring-your-own-license",
                "DBInstanceClass": "db.r3.large",
                "SupportsIAMDatabaseAuthentication": false,
                "MinStorageSize": 100,
                "AvailabilityZones": [
                    {
                        "Name": "us-west-2a"
                    },
                    {
                        "Name": "us-west-2b"
                    },
                    {
                        "Name": "us-west-2c"
                    }
                ],
                "EngineVersion": "12.1.0.2.v2",
                "MaxStorageSize": 32768,
                "MinIopsPerGib": 1.0,
                "MaxIopsPerDbInstance": 40000,
                "ReadReplicaCapable": false,
                "AvailableProcessorFeatures": [
                    {
                        "Name": "coreCount",
                        "DefaultValue": "1",
                        "AllowedValues": "1"
                    },
                    {
                        "Name": "threadsPerCore",
                        "DefaultValue": "2",
                        "AllowedValues": "1,2"
                    }
                ],
                "SupportsEnhancedMonitoring": true,
                "SupportsPerformanceInsights": false,
                "MinIopsPerDbInstance": 1000,
                "StorageType": "io1",
                "Vpc": false,
                "SupportsStorageEncryption": true,
                "Engine": "oracle-ee",
                "MultiAZCapable": true
    }

In addition, you can run the following commands for DB instance class processor information:

In the output of the preceding commands, the values for the processor features are not null only if the following conditions are met:

  • You are using an Oracle DB instance.

  • Your Oracle DB instance supports changing processor values.

  • The current CPU core and thread settings are set to nondefault values.

If the preceding conditions aren't met, you can get the instance type using describe-db-instances. You can get the processor information for this instance type by running the EC2 operation describe-instance-types.

Returning to default processor settings for a DB instance

The following example modifies mydbinstance by returning its DB instance class to the default processor values for it. The changes are applied immediately by using --apply-immediately. If you want to apply the changes during the next scheduled maintenance window, omit the --apply-immediately option.

For Linux, macOS, or Unix:

aws rds modify-db-instance \
    --use-default-processor-features \
    --apply-immediately

For Windows:

aws rds modify-db-instance ^
    --use-default-processor-features ^
    --apply-immediately
Returning to the default number of CPU cores for a DB instance

The following example modifies mydbinstance by returning its DB instance class to the default number of CPU cores for it. The threads per core setting isn't changed. The changes are applied immediately by using --apply-immediately. If you want to apply the changes during the next scheduled maintenance window, omit the --apply-immediately option.

For Linux, macOS, or Unix:

aws rds modify-db-instance \
    --processor-features "Name=coreCount,Value=DEFAULT" \
    --apply-immediately

For Windows:

aws rds modify-db-instance ^
    --processor-features "Name=coreCount,Value=DEFAULT" ^
    --apply-immediately
Returning to the default number of threads per core for a DB instance

The following example modifies mydbinstance by returning its DB instance class to the default number of threads per core for it. The number of CPU cores setting isn't changed. The changes are applied immediately by using --apply-immediately. If you want to apply the changes during the next scheduled maintenance window, omit the --apply-immediately option.

For Linux, macOS, or Unix:

aws rds modify-db-instance \
    --processor-features "Name=threadsPerCore,Value=DEFAULT" \
    --apply-immediately

For Windows:

aws rds modify-db-instance ^
    --processor-features "Name=threadsPerCore,Value=DEFAULT" ^
    --apply-immediately

You can set the processor features for a DB instance when you call one of the following Amazon RDS API operations:

To configure the processor features of a DB instance class for a DB instance by using the Amazon RDS API, include the ProcessFeatures parameter in the call.

The parameter has the following syntax.

ProcessFeatures "Name=coreCount,Value=<value>" "Name=threadsPerCore,Value=<value>"

Specify the number of CPU cores with the coreCount feature name, and specify whether multiple threads per core are enabled with the threadsPerCore feature name.

You can view the valid processor values for a particular instance class by running the DescribeOrderableDBInstanceOptions operation and specifying the instance class for the DBInstanceClass parameter. You can also use the following operations:

In the output of the preceding operations, the values for the processor features are not null only if the following conditions are met:

  • You are using an Oracle DB instance.

  • Your Oracle DB instance supports changing processor values.

  • The current CPU core and thread settings are set to nondefault values.

If the preceding conditions aren't met, you can get the instance type using DescribeDBInstances. You can get the processor information for this instance type by running the EC2 operation DescribeInstanceTypes.

Hardware specifications for DB instance classes

The following terminology is used to describe hardware specifications for DB instance classes:

vCPU

The number of virtual central processing units (CPUs). A virtual CPU is a unit of capacity that you can use to compare DB instance classes. Instead of purchasing or leasing a particular processor to use for several months or years, you are renting capacity by the hour. Our goal is to make a consistent and specific amount of CPU capacity available, within the limits of the actual underlying hardware.

ECU

The relative measure of the integer processing power of an Amazon EC2 instance. To make it easy for developers to compare CPU capacity between different instance classes, we have defined an Amazon EC2 Compute Unit. The amount of CPU that is allocated to a particular instance is expressed in terms of these EC2 Compute Units. One ECU currently provides CPU capacity equivalent to a 1.0–1.2 GHz 2007 Opteron or 2007 Xeon processor.

Memory (GiB)

The RAM, in gibibytes, allocated to the DB instance. There is often a consistent ratio between memory and vCPU. As an example, take the db.r4 instance class, which has a memory to vCPU ratio similar to the db.r5 instance class. However, for most use cases the db.r5 instance class provides better, more consistent performance than the db.r4 instance class.

VPC Only

The instance class is supported only for DB instances that are in a VPC based on the Amazon VPC service. In some cases, you might want to use an instance class that requires a VPC but your current DB instance isn't in a VPC. In these cases, start by moving your DB instance into a VPC. For more information, see Moving a DB instance not in a VPC into a VPC.

EBS-Optimized

The DB instance uses an optimized configuration stack and provides additional, dedicated capacity for I/O. This optimization provides the best performance by minimizing contention between I/O and other traffic from your instance. For more information about Amazon EBS–optimized instances, see Amazon EBS–Optimized instances in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Linux Instances.

Max. Bandwidth (Mbps)

The maximum bandwidth in megabits per second. Divide by 8 to get the expected throughput in megabytes per second.

Important

General Purpose SSD (gp2) volumes for Amazon RDS DB instances have a throughput limit of 250 MiB/s in most cases. However, the throughput limit can vary depending on volume size. For more information, see Amazon EBS volume types in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Linux Instances. For information on estimating bandwidth for gp2 storage, see General Purpose SSD storage.

Network Performance

The network speed relative to other DB instance classes.

In the following table, you can find hardware details about the Amazon RDS DB instance classes .

For information about Amazon RDS DB engine support for each DB instance class, see Supported DB engines for DB instance classes.

Instance class vCPU ECU Memory (GiB) VPC only EBS optimized Max. bandwidth (mbps) Network performance
Preview db.m6g – Newest Generation Standard Instance Classes
db.m6g.16xlarge 64 – 256 Yes Yes 19,000 25 Gbps
db.m6g.12xlarge 48 – 192 Yes Yes 13,500 20 Gbps
db.m6g.8xlarge 32 – 128 Yes Yes 9,500 12 Gbps
db.m6g.4xlarge 16 – 64 Yes Yes 6,800 Up to 10 Gbps
db.m6g.2xlarge* 8 – 32 Yes Yes Up to 4,750 Up to 10 Gbps
db.m6g.xlarge* 4 – 16 Yes Yes Up to 4,750 Up to 10 Gbps
db.m6g.large* 2 – 8 Yes Yes Up to 4,750 Up to 10 Gbps
db.m5 – Latest Generation Standard Instance Classes
db.m5.24xlarge 96 345 384 Yes Yes 19,000 25 Gbps
db.m5.16xlarge 64 262 256 Yes Yes 13,600 20 Gbps
db.m5.12xlarge 48 173 192 Yes Yes 9,500 10 Gbps
db.m5.8xlarge 32 131 128 Yes Yes 6,800 10 Gbps
db.m5.4xlarge 16 61 64 Yes Yes 4,750 Up to 10 Gbps
db.m5.2xlarge* 8 31 32 Yes Yes Up to 4,750 Up to 10 Gbps
db.m5.xlarge* 4 15 16 Yes Yes Up to 4,750 Up to 10 Gbps
db.m5.large* 2 10 8 Yes Yes Up to 4,750 Up to 10 Gbps
db.m4 – Current Generation Standard Instance Classes
db.m4.16xlarge 64 188 256 Yes Yes 10,000 25 Gbps
db.m4.10xlarge 40 124.5 160 Yes Yes 4,000 10 Gbps
db.m4.4xlarge 16 53.5 64 Yes Yes 2,000 High
db.m4.2xlarge 8 25.5 32 Yes Yes 1,000 High
db.m4.xlarge 4 13 16 Yes Yes 750 High
db.m4.large 2 6.5 8 Yes Yes 450 Moderate
db.m3 – Previous Generation Standard Instance Classes
db.m3.2xlarge 8 26 30 No Yes 1,000 High
db.m3.xlarge 4 13 15 No Yes 500 High
db.m3.large 2 6.5 7.5 No No — Moderate
db.m3.medium 1 3 3.75 No No — Moderate
db.m1 – Previous Generation Standard Instance Classes
db.m1.xlarge 4 4 15 No Yes 450 High
db.m1.large 2 2 7.5 No Yes 450 Moderate
db.m1.medium 1 1 3.75 No No — Moderate
db.m1.small 1 1 1.7 No No — Very Low
db.z1d – Latest Generation Memory Optimized Instance Classes
db.z1d.12xlarge 48 271 384 Yes Yes 14,000 25 Gbps
db.z1d.6xlarge 24 134 192 Yes Yes 7,000 10 Gbps
db.z1d.3xlarge 12 75 96 Yes Yes 3,500 Up to 10 Gbps
db.z1d.2xlarge 8 53 64 Yes Yes 2,333 Up to 10 Gbps
db.z1d.xlarge* 4 28 32 Yes Yes Up to 2,333 Up to 10 Gbps
db.z1d.large* 2 15 16 Yes Yes Up to 2,333 Up to 10 Gbps
db.x1e – Latest Generation Memory Optimized Instance Classes
db.x1e.32xlarge 128 340 3,904 Yes Yes 14,000 25 Gbps
db.x1e.16xlarge 64 179 1,952 Yes Yes 7,000 10 Gbps
db.x1e.8xlarge 32 91 976 Yes Yes 3,500 Up to 10 Gbps
db.x1e.4xlarge 16 47 488 Yes Yes 1,750 Up to 10 Gbps
db.x1e.2xlarge 8 23 244 Yes Yes 1,000 Up to 10 Gbps
db.x1e.xlarge 4 12 122 Yes Yes 500 Up to 10 Gbps
db.x1 – Current Generation Memory Optimized Instance Classes
db.x1.32xlarge 128 349 1,952 Yes Yes 14,000 25 Gbps
db.x1.16xlarge 64 174.5 976 Yes Yes 7,000 10 Gbps
Preview db.r6g – Newest Generation Memory Optimized Instance Classes
db.r6g.16xlarge 64 – 512 Yes Yes 19,000 25 Gbps
db.r6g.12xlarge 48 – 384 Yes Yes 13,500 20 Gbps
db.r6g.4xlarge 16 – 128 Yes Yes 4,750 Up to 10 Gbps
db.r6g.2xlarge* 8 – 64 Yes Yes Up to 4,750 Up to 10 Gbps
db.r6g.xlarge* 4 – 32 Yes Yes Up to 4,750 Up to 10 Gbps
db.r6g.large* 2 – 16 Yes Yes Up to 4,750 Up to 10 Gbps
db.r5 – Latest Generation Memory Optimized Instance Classes
db.r5.24xlarge 96 347 768 Yes Yes 19,000 25 Gbps
db.r5.16xlarge 64 264 512 Yes Yes 13,600 20 Gbps
db.r5.12xlarge 48 173 384 Yes Yes 9,500 10 Gbps
db.r5.8xlarge 32 132 256 Yes Yes 6,800 10 Gbps
db.r5.4xlarge 16 71 128 Yes Yes 4,750 Up to 10 Gbps
db.r5.2xlarge* 8 38 64 Yes Yes Up to 4,750 Up to 10 Gbps
db.r5.xlarge* 4 19 32 Yes Yes Up to 4,750 Up to 10 Gbps
db.r5.large* 2 10 16 Yes Yes Up to 4,750 Up to 10 Gbps
db.r4 – Current Generation Memory Optimized Instance Classes
db.r4.16xlarge 64 195 488 Yes Yes 14,000 25 Gbps
db.r4.8xlarge 32 99 244 Yes Yes 7,000 10 Gbps
db.r4.4xlarge 16 53 122 Yes Yes 3,500 Up to 10 Gbps
db.r4.2xlarge 8 27 61 Yes Yes 1,700 Up to 10 Gbps
db.r4.xlarge 4 13.5 30.5 Yes Yes 850 Up to 10 Gbps
db.r4.large 2 7 15.25 Yes Yes 425 Up to 10 Gbps
db.r3 – Previous Generation Memory Optimized Instance Classes
db.r3.8xlarge 32 104 244 No No — 10 Gbps
db.r3.4xlarge 16 52 122 No Yes 2,000 High
db.r3.2xlarge 8 26 61 No Yes 1,000 High
db.r3.xlarge 4 13 30.5 No Yes 500 Moderate
db.r3.large 2 6.5 15.25 No No — Moderate
db.m2 – Previous Generation Memory Optimized Instance Classes
db.m2.4xlarge 8 26 68.4 No Yes 1,000 High
db.m2.2xlarge 4 13 34.2 No Yes 500 Moderate
db.m2.xlarge 2 6.5 17.1 No No — Moderate
db.t3 – Latest Generation Burstable Performance Instance Classes
db.t3.2xlarge* 8 Variable 32 Yes Yes Up to 2,048 Up to 5 Gbps
db.t3.xlarge* 4 Variable 16 Yes Yes Up to 2,048 Up to 5 Gbps
db.t3.large* 2 Variable 8 Yes Yes Up to 2,048 Up to 5 Gbps
db.t3.medium* 2 Variable 4 Yes Yes Up to 1,536 Up to 5 Gbps
db.t3.small* 2 Variable 2 Yes Yes Up to 1,536 Up to 5 Gbps
db.t3.micro* 2 Variable 1 Yes Yes Up to 1,536 Up to 5 Gbps
db.t2 – Current Generation Burstable Performance Instance Classes
db.t2.2xlarge 8 Variable 32 Yes No — Moderate
db.t2.xlarge 4 Variable 16 Yes No — Moderate
db.t2.large 2 Variable 8 Yes No — Moderate
db.t2.medium 2 Variable 4 Yes No — Moderate
db.t2.small 1 Variable 2 Yes No — Low
db.t2.micro 1 Variable 1 Yes No — Low

* These DB instance classes can support maximum performance for 30 minutes at least once every 24 hours. For more information on baseline performance of these instance types, see Amazon EBS-optimized instances in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Linux Instances.