Integrate a REST API with a User Pool

After creating an Amazon Cognito user pool, in API Gateway, you must then create a COGNITO_USER_POOLS authorizer that uses the user pool. The following procedure walks you through the steps to do this using the API Gateway console.

Important

After performing any of the procedures below, you'll need to deploy or redeploy your API to propagate the changes. For more information about deploying your API, see Deploying a REST API in Amazon API Gateway.

To create a COGNITO_USER_POOLS authorizer by using the API Gateway console

Create a new API, or select an existing API in API Gateway.
From the main navigation pane, choose Authorizers under the specified API.
Under Authorizers, choose Create New Authorizer.
To configure the new authorizer to use a user pool, do the following:
1. Type an authorizer name in Name.
2. Select the Cognito option.
3. Choose a region under Cognito User Pool.
4. Select an available user pool. You must have created a user pool for the selected region in Amazon Cognito for it to show up in the drop-down list.
5. For Token source, type Authorization as the header name to pass the identity or access token that's returned by Amazon Cognito when a user signs in successfully.
6. Optionally, type a regular expression in the Token validation field to validate the aud field of the identity token before the request is authorized with Amazon Cognito.
7. To finish integrating the user pool with the API, choose Create.
After creating the COGNITO_USER_POOLS authorizer, you can optionally test invoke it by supplying an identity token that's provisioned from the user pool. You can obtain this identity token by calling the Amazon Cognito Identity SDK to perform user sign-in. Make sure to use the returned identity token, not the access token.

The preceding procedure creates a COGNITO_USER_POOLS authorizer that uses the newly created Amazon Cognito user pool. Depending on how you enable the authorizer on an API method, you can use either an identity token or an access token that's provisioned from the integrated user pool. The next procedure walks you through the steps to configure the authorizer on an API method.

To configure a COGNITO_USER_POOLS authorizer on methods

Choose (or create) a method of your API.
Choose Method Request.
Under Settings, choose the pencil icon next to Authorization.
Choose one of the available Amazon Cognito user pool authorizers from the drop-down list.
To save the settings, choose the check mark icon.
To use an identity token, do the following:
1. Leave the OAuth Scopes option unspecified (as NONE).
2. If needed, choose Integration Request to add the $context.authorizer.claims['property-name'] or $context.authorizer.claims.property-name expressions in a body-mapping template to pass the specified identity claims property from the user pool to the backend. For simple property names, such as sub or custom-sub, the two notations are identical. For complex property names, such as custom:role, you can't use the dot notation. For example, the following mapping expressions pass the claim's standard fields of sub and email to the backend:
```
{
	"context" : {
		"sub" : "$context.authorizer.claims.sub",
		"email" : "$context.authorizer.claims.email"
	}
}
```
  If you declared a custom claim field when you configured a user pool, you can follow the same pattern to access the custom fields. The following example gets a custom role field of a claim:
```
{
	"context" : {
		"role" : "$context.authorizer.claims.role"
    }
}
```
  If the custom claim field is declared as custom:role, use the following example to get the claim's property:
```
{
	"context" : {
		"role" : "$context.authorizer.claims['custom:role']"
    }
}
```
To use an access token, do the following:
1. Choose the pencil icon next to OAuth Scopes.
2. Type one or more full names of a scope that has been configured when the Amazon Cognito user pool was created. For example, following the example given in Create an Amazon Cognito User Pool for a REST API, one of the scopes is com.hamuta.movies/drama.view. Use a single space to separate multiple scopes.
  
  At runtime, the method call succeeds if any scope that's specified on the method in this step matches a scope that's claimed in the incoming token. Otherwise, the call fails with a 401 Unauthorized response.
3. To save the setting, choose the check mark icon.
Repeat these steps for other methods that you choose.

With the COGNITO_USER_POOLS authorizer, if the OAuth Scopes option isn't specified, API Gateway treats the supplied token as an identity token and verifies the claimed identity against the one from the user pool. Otherwise, API Gateway treats the supplied token as an access token and verifies the access scopes that are claimed in the token against the authorization scopes declared on the method.

Instead of using the API Gateway console, you can also enable an Amazon Cognito user pool on a method by specifying an OpenAPI definition file and importing the API definition into API Gateway.

To import a COGNITO_USER_POOLS authorizer with an OpenAPI definition file

Create (or export) an OpenAPI definition file for your API.

Specify the COGNITO_USER_POOLS authorizer (MyUserPool) JSON definition as part of the securitySchemes section in OpenAPI 3.0 or the securityDefinitions section in Open API 2.0 as follows:

OpenAPI 3.0OpenAPI 2.0

OpenAPI 3.0


  "securitySchemes": {
    "MyUserPool": {
      "type": "apiKey",
      "name": "Authorization",
      "in": "header",
      "x-amazon-apigateway-authtype": "cognito_user_pools",
      "x-amazon-apigateway-authorizer": {
        "type": "cognito_user_pools",
        "providerARNs": [
          "arn:aws:cognito-idp:{region}:{account_id}:userpool/{user_pool_id}"
        ]
      }
    }

OpenAPI 2.0


  "securityDefinitions": {
    "MyUserPool": {
      "type": "apiKey",
      "name": "Authorization",
      "in": "header",
      "x-amazon-apigateway-authtype": "cognito_user_pools",
      "x-amazon-apigateway-authorizer": {
        "type": "cognito_user_pools",
        "providerARNs": [
          "arn:aws:cognito-idp:{region}:{account_id}:userpool/{user_pool_id}"
        ]
      }
    }

To use the identity token for method authorization, add { "MyUserPool": [] } to the security definition of the method, as shown in the following GET method on the root resource.


  "paths": {
    "/": {
      "get": {
        "consumes": [
          "application/json"
        ],
        "produces": [
          "text/html"
        ],
        "responses": {
          "200": {
            "description": "200 response",
            "headers": {
              "Content-Type": {
                "type": "string"
              }
            }
          }
        },
        "security": [
          {
            "MyUserPool": []
          }
        ],        
        "x-amazon-apigateway-integration": {
          "type": "mock",
          "responses": {
            "default": {
              "statusCode": "200",
              "responseParameters": {
                "method.response.header.Content-Type": "'text/html'"
              },
            }
          },
          "requestTemplates": {
            "application/json": "{\"statusCode\": 200}"
          },
          "passthroughBehavior": "when_no_match"
        }
      },
      ...
   }

To use the access token for method authorization, change the above security definition to { "MyUserPool": [resource-server/scope, ...] }:


  "paths": {
    "/": {
      "get": {
        "consumes": [
          "application/json"
        ],
        "produces": [
          "text/html"
        ],
        "responses": {
          "200": {
            "description": "200 response",
            "headers": {
              "Content-Type": {
                "type": "string"
              }
            }
          }
        },
        "security": [
          {
            "MyUserPool": ["com.hamuta.movies/drama.view", "http://my.resource.com/file.read"]
          }
        ],        
        "x-amazon-apigateway-integration": {
          "type": "mock",
          "responses": {
            "default": {
              "statusCode": "200",
              "responseParameters": {
                "method.response.header.Content-Type": "'text/html'"
              },
            }
          },
          "requestTemplates": {
            "application/json": "{\"statusCode\": 200}"
          },
          "passthroughBehavior": "when_no_match"
        }
      },
      ...
   }

If needed, you can set other API configuration settings by using the appropriate OpenAPI definitions or extensions. For more information, see API Gateway Extensions to OpenAPI.

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