Limits
AWS KMS resources have limits that apply to each region and each AWS account. Some limits apply to all resources. Others apply only to resources that you create, but not to resources that AWS services create in your account. Resources that you use, but that aren't in your AWS account, such as AWS owned CMKs, do not count against these limits.
Important
If you need to exceed these limits, please visit the AWS Support Center and create a case.
| Resource | Default Limit | Applies To |
|---|---|---|
| Customer Master Keys (CMKs) | 1000 | Customer managed CMKs |
| Aliases | 1100 | Customer created aliases |
| Key policy document size | 32 KB (32,768 bytes) |
Customer managed CMKs AWS managed CMKs |
| Grants per CMK | 2500 | Customer managed CMKs |
| Grants for a given principal per CMK | 500 |
Customer managed CMKs AWS managed CMKs |
| Requests per second | Varies by API operation; see table. |
Customer managed CMKs AWS managed CMKs |
Note
If you are exceeding the requests per second limit, consider using the data key caching feature of the AWS Encryption SDK. Reusing data keys, rather than requesting a new data key for every encryption operation, might reduce the frequency of your requests to AWS KMS.
Customer Master Keys (CMKs): 1000
You can have up to 1000 customer managed CMKs in each Region of your AWS account. This limit applies to all customer managed CMKs regardless of their key state. AWS managed CMKs and AWS owned CMKs do not count against this limit.
You can create a support case to request more CMKs in a region; however, managing a large number of CMKs from the AWS Management Console may be slower than acceptable. If you have a large number of CMKs in a region, we recommend managing them programmatically with the AWS SDKs or AWS Command Line Tools.
Aliases: 1100
You can create up to 1100 aliases in each region of your account. Aliases that AWS
creates in your account, such as aws/<service-name>, do not
count against this limit.
An alias is a display name that you can map to a CMK. Each alias is mapped to exactly one CMK and multiple aliases can map to the same CMK.
If you use a support case to increase your CMK limit, you might also need to request an increase in the number of aliases.
Key policy document size: 32 KB
The maximum length of each key policy document is 32 KB (32,768 bytes). If the document exceeds this length, operations that use the key policy document to set or change the key policy fail. If you must exceed this limit, create a support case.
A key policy document is a collection of policy statements in JSON format. The statements in the key policy document determine who has permission to use the CMK and how they can use it. You may also use IAM policies and grants to control access to the CMK, but every CMK must have a key policy document.
You can create a key policy document by using the default view or policy view in the AWS Management Console, or by using the PutKeyPolicy API operation. All of these techniques involve an underlying key policy document.
Grants per CMK: 2500
Each customer managed CMK can have up to 2500 grants, including the grants created by AWS services that are integrated with AWS KMS. This limit does not apply to AWS managed CMKs.
One effect of this limit is that you cannot create more than 2500 resources that use the same CMK. For example, you cannot create more than 2500 encrypted EBS volumes that use the same CMK.
Grants are an alternative to key policy. They are advanced mechanisms for specifying permissions.
You or an AWS service integrated with AWS KMS can use a grant to limit how and when the grantee can use a CMK. Grants are attached to a CMK, and each grant includes the principal who receives permission to use the CMK, the ID of the CMK, and a list of operations that the grantee can perform.
Grants for a given principal per CMK: 500
For a given CMK, no more than 500 grants can specify the same grantee principal. This limit applies to all CMKs, including AWS managed CMKs.
For example, you might want to encrypt multiple Amazon EBS volumes and attach them to a single Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance. A unique grant is created for each encrypted volume and all of these grants have the same grantee principal (an IAM assumed-role user associated with the EC2 instance). Each grant gives permission to use the specified CMK to decrypt an EBS volume's unique data encryption key. For each CMK, you can have up to 500 grants that specify the same EC2 instance as the grantee principal. This effectively means that you can have no more than 500 encrypted EBS volumes per EC2 instance for a given CMK.
Requests per second: varies
AWS KMS throttles API requests at different limits depending on the API operation.
Throttling means that AWS KMS rejects an otherwise valid request because the request
exceeds the
limit for the number of requests per second. When a request is throttled, AWS KMS
returns a
ThrottlingException error. The
following table lists each API operation and the point at which AWS KMS throttles
requests for that operation.
This limit applies to all CMKs, including AWS managed CMKs.
Note
If you need to exceed these limits, please visit the AWS Support Center and create a case.
If you are exceeding the requests per second limit for the GenerateDataKey API operation, consider using the data key caching feature of the AWS Encryption SDK. Reusing data keys might reduce the frequency of your requests to AWS KMS.
Shared limit
The API operations in the first row of the following table share a limit of 5500 (or
10,000) requests per second. For example, with a shared limit of 5500 requests per
second,
when you make 3000 GenerateDataKey requests per second and 1000
Decrypt requests per second, AWS KMS doesn't throttle your requests. However, when
you make 5000 GenerateDataKey and 1000 Encrypt and requests per
second, AWS KMS throttles your requests because you are making more than 5500 requests
per
second for operations with the shared limit.
The remaining API operations have a unique limit for requests per second, which means the limit is not shared.
API requests made on your behalf
You can make API requests directly or by using an integrated AWS service that makes API requests to AWS KMS on your behalf. The limit applies to both kinds of requests.
For example, you might store data in Amazon S3 using server-side encryption with AWS
KMS
(SSE-KMS). Each time you upload or download an S3 object that's encrypted with SSE-KMS,
Amazon S3
makes a GenerateDataKey (for uploads) or Decrypt (for downloads)
request to AWS KMS on your behalf. These requests count toward your limit, so AWS
KMS throttles
the requests if you exceed a combined total of 5500 (or 10,000) uploads or downloads
per
second of S3 objects encrypted with SSE-KMS.
Cross-account requests
When an application in one AWS account uses a CMK owned by a different account, that's known as a cross-account request. For cross-account requests, AWS KMS throttles the account that makes the requests, not the account that owns the CMK. For example, you might have applications in accounts A and B that both use a CMK in account C. In this scenario, the limit for requests per second applies separately to accounts A and B, not to account C.
Custom key stores
Cryptographic operations that use CMKs in a custom key store are throttled when they reach a rate of 400 operations per second for a single custom key store. This throttle limit is shared by all cryptographic operations and all CMKs in each custom key store. Unlike other limits, you cannot raise this limit by creating a case in the AWS Support Center.
Note
If the AWS CloudHSM cluster that is associated with the custom key store is processing
numerous
commands, including those from other applications, you might get a
ThrottlingException at a rate lower than 400 operations per second. If this
occurs, lower your request rate and try the commands again.
Requests per second limit for each AWS KMS API operation
| API operation | Requests per second limit |
|---|---|
|
|
5500 (shared) 10,000 (shared) only in the following regions:
400 (shared) for each custom key store. |
CancelKeyDeletion |
5 |
CreateAlias |
5 |
CreateGrant |
50 |
CreateKey |
5 |
DeleteAlias |
5 |
DeleteImportedKeyMaterial |
5 |
DescribeKey |
30 |
DisableKey |
5 |
DisableKeyRotation |
5 |
EnableKey |
5 |
EnableKeyRotation |
5 |
GetKeyPolicy |
30 |
GetKeyRotationStatus |
30 |
GetParametersForImport |
0.25 (AWS KMS throttles requests when the rate is more than 1 per 4 seconds) |
ImportKeyMaterial |
5 |
ListAliases |
5 |
ListGrants |
5 |
ListKeyPolicies |
5 |
ListKeys |
5 |
ListResourceTags |
5 |
ListRetirableGrants |
5 |
PutKeyPolicy |
5 |
RetireGrant |
15 |
RevokeGrant |
15 |
ScheduleKeyDeletion |
5 |
TagResource |
5 |
UntagResource |
5 |
UpdateAlias |
5 |
UpdateKeyDescription |
5 |
