Amazon CloudWatch controls

These controls are related to CloudWatch resources.

These controls may not be available in all AWS Regions. For more information, see Availability of controls by Region.

[CloudWatch.1] A log metric filter and alarm should exist for usage of the "root" user

Related requirements: PCI DSS v3.2.1/7.2.1, CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.2.0/1.1,CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.2.0/3.3, CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0/1.7,CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0/4.3

Category: Detect > Detection services

Severity: Low

Resource type: AWS::Logs::MetricFilter, AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm, AWS::CloudTrail::Trail, AWS::SNS::Topic

AWS Config rule: None (custom Security Hub rule)

Schedule type: Periodic

The root user has unrestricted access to all services and resources in an AWS account. We highly recommend that you avoid using the root user for daily tasks. Minimizing the use of the root user and adopting the principle of least privilege for access management reduce the risk of accidental changes and unintended disclosure of highly privileged credentials.

As a best practice, use your root user credentials only when required to perform account and service management tasks. Apply AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) policies directly to groups and roles but not users. For a tutorial on how to set up an administrator for daily use, see Creating your first IAM admin user and group in the IAM User Guide

To run this check, Security Hub uses custom logic to perform the exact audit steps prescribed for control 1.7 in the CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0. This control fails if the exact metric filters prescribed by CIS are not used. Additional fields or terms cannot be added to the metric filters.

Note

When Security Hub performs the check for this control, it looks for CloudTrail trails that the current account uses. These trails might be organization trails that belong to another account. Multi-Region trails also might be based in a different Region.

The check results in FAILED findings in the following cases:

• No trail is configured.

• The available trails that are in the current Region and that are owned by current account do not meet the control requirements.

The check results in a control status of NO_DATA in the following cases:

• A multi-Region trail is based in a different Region. Security Hub can only generate findings in the Region where the trail is based.

• A multi-Region trail belongs to a different account. Security Hub can only generate findings for the account that owns the trail.

  We recommend organization trails to log events from many accounts in an organization. Organization trails are multi-Region trails by default and can only be managed by the AWS Organizations management account or the CloudTrail delegated administrator account. Using an organization trail results in a control status of NO_DATA for controls evaluated in organization member accounts. In member accounts, Security Hub only generates findings for member-owned resources. Findings that pertain to organization trails are generated in the resource owner's account. You can see these findings in your Security Hub delegated administrator account by using cross-Region aggregation.

For the alarm, the current account must either own the referenced Amazon SNS topic, or must get access to the Amazon SNS topic by calling ListSubscriptionsByTopic. Otherwise Security Hub generates WARNING findings for the control.

Remediation

To pass this control, follow these steps to create an Amazon SNS topic, an AWS CloudTrail trail, a metric filter, and an alarm for the metric filter.

1. Create an Amazon SNS topic. For instructions, see Getting started with Amazon SNS in the Amazon Simple Notification Service Developer Guide. Create a topic that receives all CIS alarms, and create at least one subscription to the topic.

2. Create a CloudTrail trail that applies to all AWS Regions. For instructions, see Creating a trail in the AWS CloudTrail User Guide.

   Make note of the name of the CloudWatch Logs log group that you associate with the CloudTrail trail. You create the metric filter for that log group in the next step.

3. Create a metric filter. For instructions, see Create a metric filter for a log group in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Define pattern, Filter pattern	{$.userIdentity.type="Root" && $.userIdentity.invokedBy NOT EXISTS && $.eventType !="AwsServiceEvent"}
   Metric namespace	LogMetrics
   Metric value	1
   Default value	0

4. Create an alarm based on the filter. For instructions, see Creating a CloudWatch alarm based on a log group-metric filter in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Conditions, Threshold type	Static
   Whenever your-metric-name is...	Greater/Equal
   than...	1

[CloudWatch.2] Ensure a log metric filter and alarm exist for unauthorized API calls

Related requirements: CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.2.0/3.1

Category: Detect > Detection services

Severity: Low

Resource type: AWS::Logs::MetricFilter, AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm, AWS::CloudTrail::Trail, AWS::SNS::Topic

AWS Config rule: None (custom Security Hub rule)

Schedule type: Periodic

You can do real-time monitoring of API calls by directing CloudTrail logs to CloudWatch Logs and establishing corresponding metric filters and alarms.

CIS recommends that you create a metric filter and alarm unauthorized API calls. Monitoring unauthorized API calls helps reveal application errors and might reduce time to detect malicious activity.

To run this check, Security Hub uses custom logic to perform the exact audit steps prescribed for control 3.1 in the CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.2. This control fails if the exact metric filters prescribed by CIS are not used. Additional fields or terms cannot be added to the metric filters.

Note

When Security Hub performs the check for this control, it looks for CloudTrail trails that the current account uses. These trails might be organization trails that belong to another account. Multi-Region trails also might be based in a different Region.

The check results in FAILED findings in the following cases:

• No trail is configured.

• The available trails that are in the current Region and that are owned by current account do not meet the control requirements.

The check results in a control status of NO_DATA in the following cases:

• A multi-Region trail is based in a different Region. Security Hub can only generate findings in the Region where the trail is based.

• A multi-Region trail belongs to a different account. Security Hub can only generate findings for the account that owns the trail.

  We recommend organization trails to log events from many accounts in an organization. Organization trails are multi-Region trails by default and can only be managed by the AWS Organizations management account or the CloudTrail delegated administrator account. Using an organization trail results in a control status of NO_DATA for controls evaluated in organization member accounts. In member accounts, Security Hub only generates findings for member-owned resources. Findings that pertain to organization trails are generated in the resource owner's account. You can see these findings in your Security Hub delegated administrator account by using cross-Region aggregation.

For the alarm, the current account must either own the referenced Amazon SNS topic, or must get access to the Amazon SNS topic by calling ListSubscriptionsByTopic. Otherwise Security Hub generates WARNING findings for the control.

Remediation

To pass this control, follow these steps to create an Amazon SNS topic, an AWS CloudTrail trail, a metric filter, and an alarm for the metric filter.

1. Create an Amazon SNS topic. For instructions, see Getting started with Amazon SNS in the Amazon Simple Notification Service Developer Guide. Create a topic that receives all CIS alarms, and create at least one subscription to the topic.

2. Create a CloudTrail trail that applies to all AWS Regions. For instructions, see Creating a trail in the AWS CloudTrail User Guide.

   Make note of the name of the CloudWatch Logs log group that you associate with the CloudTrail trail. You create the metric filter for that log group in the next step.

3. Create a metric filter. For instructions, see Create a metric filter for a log group in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Define pattern, Filter pattern	{($.errorCode="*UnauthorizedOperation") || ($.errorCode="AccessDenied*")}
   Metric namespace	LogMetrics
   Metric value	1
   Default value	0

4. Create an alarm based on the filter. For instructions, see Creating a CloudWatch alarm based on a log group-metric filter in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Conditions, Threshold type	Static
   Whenever your-metric-name is...	Greater/Equal
   than...	1

[CloudWatch.3] Ensure a log metric filter and alarm exist for Management Console sign-in without MFA

Related requirements: CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.2.0/3.2

Category: Detect > Detection services

Severity: Low

Resource type: AWS::Logs::MetricFilter, AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm, AWS::CloudTrail::Trail, AWS::SNS::Topic

AWS Config rule: None (custom Security Hub rule)

Schedule type: Periodic

You can do real-time monitoring of API calls by directing CloudTrail logs to CloudWatch Logs and establishing corresponding metric filters and alarms.

CIS recommends that you create a metric filter and alarm console logins that aren't protected by MFA. Monitoring for single-factor console logins increases visibility into accounts that aren't protected by MFA.

To run this check, Security Hub uses custom logic to perform the exact audit steps prescribed for control 3.2 in the CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.2. This control fails if the exact metric filters prescribed by CIS are not used. Additional fields or terms cannot be added to the metric filters.

Note

When Security Hub performs the check for this control, it looks for CloudTrail trails that the current account uses. These trails might be organization trails that belong to another account. Multi-Region trails also might be based in a different Region.

The check results in FAILED findings in the following cases:

• No trail is configured.

• The available trails that are in the current Region and that are owned by current account do not meet the control requirements.

The check results in a control status of NO_DATA in the following cases:

• A multi-Region trail is based in a different Region. Security Hub can only generate findings in the Region where the trail is based.

• A multi-Region trail belongs to a different account. Security Hub can only generate findings for the account that owns the trail.

  We recommend organization trails to log events from many accounts in an organization. Organization trails are multi-Region trails by default and can only be managed by the AWS Organizations management account or the CloudTrail delegated administrator account. Using an organization trail results in a control status of NO_DATA for controls evaluated in organization member accounts. In member accounts, Security Hub only generates findings for member-owned resources. Findings that pertain to organization trails are generated in the resource owner's account. You can see these findings in your Security Hub delegated administrator account by using cross-Region aggregation.

For the alarm, the current account must either own the referenced Amazon SNS topic, or must get access to the Amazon SNS topic by calling ListSubscriptionsByTopic. Otherwise Security Hub generates WARNING findings for the control.

Remediation

To pass this control, follow these steps to create an Amazon SNS topic, an AWS CloudTrail trail, a metric filter, and an alarm for the metric filter.

1. Create an Amazon SNS topic. For instructions, see Getting started with Amazon SNS in the Amazon Simple Notification Service Developer Guide. Create a topic that receives all CIS alarms, and create at least one subscription to the topic.

2. Create a CloudTrail trail that applies to all AWS Regions. For instructions, see Creating a trail in the AWS CloudTrail User Guide.

   Make note of the name of the CloudWatch Logs log group that you associate with the CloudTrail trail. You create the metric filter for that log group in the next step.

3. Create a metric filter. For instructions, see Create a metric filter for a log group in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Define pattern, Filter pattern	{ ($.eventName = "ConsoleLogin") && ($.additionalEventData.MFAUsed != "Yes") && ($.userIdentity.type = "IAMUser") && ($.responseElements.ConsoleLogin = "Success") }
   Metric namespace	LogMetrics
   Metric value	1
   Default value	0

4. Create an alarm based on the filter. For instructions, see Creating a CloudWatch alarm based on a log group-metric filter in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Conditions, Threshold type	Static
   Whenever your-metric-name is...	Greater/Equal
   than...	1

[CloudWatch.4] Ensure a log metric filter and alarm exist for IAM policy changes

Related requirements: CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.2.0/3.4, CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0/4.4

Category: Detect > Detection services

Severity: Low

Resource type: AWS::Logs::MetricFilter, AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm, AWS::CloudTrail::Trail, AWS::SNS::Topic

AWS Config rule: None (custom Security Hub rule)

Schedule type: Periodic

This control checks whether you monitor API calls in real time by directing CloudTrail logs to CloudWatch Logs and establishing corresponding metric filters and alarms.

CIS recommends that you create a metric filter and alarm for changes made to IAM policies. Monitoring these changes helps ensure that authentication and authorization controls remain intact.

Note

When Security Hub performs the check for this control, it looks for CloudTrail trails that the current account uses. These trails might be organization trails that belong to another account. Multi-Region trails also might be based in a different Region.

The check results in FAILED findings in the following cases:

• No trail is configured.

• The available trails that are in the current Region and that are owned by current account do not meet the control requirements.

The check results in a control status of NO_DATA in the following cases:

• A multi-Region trail is based in a different Region. Security Hub can only generate findings in the Region where the trail is based.

• A multi-Region trail belongs to a different account. Security Hub can only generate findings for the account that owns the trail.

  We recommend organization trails to log events from many accounts in an organization. Organization trails are multi-Region trails by default and can only be managed by the AWS Organizations management account or the CloudTrail delegated administrator account. Using an organization trail results in a control status of NO_DATA for controls evaluated in organization member accounts. In member accounts, Security Hub only generates findings for member-owned resources. Findings that pertain to organization trails are generated in the resource owner's account. You can see these findings in your Security Hub delegated administrator account by using cross-Region aggregation.

For the alarm, the current account must either own the referenced Amazon SNS topic, or must get access to the Amazon SNS topic by calling ListSubscriptionsByTopic. Otherwise Security Hub generates WARNING findings for the control.

Remediation

Note

Our recommended filter pattern in these remediation steps differs from the filter pattern in the CIS guidance. Our recommended filters target only events coming from IAM API calls.

To pass this control, follow these steps to create an Amazon SNS topic, an AWS CloudTrail trail, a metric filter, and an alarm for the metric filter.

1. Create an Amazon SNS topic. For instructions, see Getting started with Amazon SNS in the Amazon Simple Notification Service Developer Guide. Create a topic that receives all CIS alarms, and create at least one subscription to the topic.

2. Create a CloudTrail trail that applies to all AWS Regions. For instructions, see Creating a trail in the AWS CloudTrail User Guide.

   Make note of the name of the CloudWatch Logs log group that you associate with the CloudTrail trail. You create the metric filter for that log group in the next step.

3. Create a metric filter. For instructions, see Create a metric filter for a log group in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Define pattern, Filter pattern	{($.eventSource=iam.amazonaws.com) && (($.eventName=DeleteGroupPolicy) || ($.eventName=DeleteRolePolicy) || ($.eventName=DeleteUserPolicy) || ($.eventName=PutGroupPolicy) || ($.eventName=PutRolePolicy) || ($.eventName=PutUserPolicy) || ($.eventName=CreatePolicy) || ($.eventName=DeletePolicy) || ($.eventName=CreatePolicyVersion) || ($.eventName=DeletePolicyVersion) || ($.eventName=AttachRolePolicy) || ($.eventName=DetachRolePolicy) || ($.eventName=AttachUserPolicy) || ($.eventName=DetachUserPolicy) || ($.eventName=AttachGroupPolicy) || ($.eventName=DetachGroupPolicy))}
   Metric namespace	LogMetrics
   Metric value	1
   Default value	0

4. Create an alarm based on the filter. For instructions, see Creating a CloudWatch alarm based on a log group-metric filter in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Conditions, Threshold type	Static
   Whenever your-metric-name is...	Greater/Equal
   than...	1

[CloudWatch.5] Ensure a log metric filter and alarm exist for CloudTrail AWS Configuration changes

Related requirements: CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.2.0/3.5, CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0/4.5

Category: Detect > Detection services

Severity: Low

Resource type: AWS::Logs::MetricFilter, AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm, AWS::CloudTrail::Trail, AWS::SNS::Topic

AWS Config rule: None (custom Security Hub rule)

Schedule type: Periodic

You can do real-time monitoring of API calls by directing CloudTrail logs to CloudWatch Logs and establishing corresponding metric filters and alarms.

CIS recommends that you create a metric filter and alarm for changes to CloudTrail configuration settings. Monitoring these changes helps ensure sustained visibility to activities in the account.

To run this check, Security Hub uses custom logic to perform the exact audit steps prescribed for control 4.5 in the CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0. This control fails if the exact metric filters prescribed by CIS are not used. Additional fields or terms cannot be added to the metric filters.

Note

When Security Hub performs the check for this control, it looks for CloudTrail trails that the current account uses. These trails might be organization trails that belong to another account. Multi-Region trails also might be based in a different Region.

The check results in FAILED findings in the following cases:

• No trail is configured.

• The available trails that are in the current Region and that are owned by current account do not meet the control requirements.

The check results in a control status of NO_DATA in the following cases:

• A multi-Region trail is based in a different Region. Security Hub can only generate findings in the Region where the trail is based.

• A multi-Region trail belongs to a different account. Security Hub can only generate findings for the account that owns the trail.

  We recommend organization trails to log events from many accounts in an organization. Organization trails are multi-Region trails by default and can only be managed by the AWS Organizations management account or the CloudTrail delegated administrator account. Using an organization trail results in a control status of NO_DATA for controls evaluated in organization member accounts. In member accounts, Security Hub only generates findings for member-owned resources. Findings that pertain to organization trails are generated in the resource owner's account. You can see these findings in your Security Hub delegated administrator account by using cross-Region aggregation.

For the alarm, the current account must either own the referenced Amazon SNS topic, or must get access to the Amazon SNS topic by calling ListSubscriptionsByTopic. Otherwise Security Hub generates WARNING findings for the control.

Remediation

To pass this control, follow these steps to create an Amazon SNS topic, an AWS CloudTrail trail, a metric filter, and an alarm for the metric filter.

1. Create an Amazon SNS topic. For instructions, see Getting started with Amazon SNS in the Amazon Simple Notification Service Developer Guide. Create a topic that receives all CIS alarms, and create at least one subscription to the topic.

2. Create a CloudTrail trail that applies to all AWS Regions. For instructions, see Creating a trail in the AWS CloudTrail User Guide.

   Make note of the name of the CloudWatch Logs log group that you associate with the CloudTrail trail. You create the metric filter for that log group in the next step.

3. Create a metric filter. For instructions, see Create a metric filter for a log group in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Define pattern, Filter pattern	{($.eventName=CreateTrail) || ($.eventName=UpdateTrail) || ($.eventName=DeleteTrail) || ($.eventName=StartLogging) || ($.eventName=StopLogging)}
   Metric namespace	LogMetrics
   Metric value	1
   Default value	0

4. Create an alarm based on the filter. For instructions, see Creating a CloudWatch alarm based on a log group-metric filter in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Conditions, Threshold type	Static
   Whenever your-metric-name is...	Greater/Equal
   than...	1

[CloudWatch.6] Ensure a log metric filter and alarm exist for AWS Management Console authentication failures

Related requirements: CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.2.0/3.6, CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0/4.6

Category: Detect > Detection services

Severity: Low

Resource type: AWS::Logs::MetricFilter, AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm, AWS::CloudTrail::Trail, AWS::SNS::Topic

AWS Config rule: None (custom Security Hub rule)

Schedule type: Periodic

You can do real-time monitoring of API calls by directing CloudTrail logs to CloudWatch Logs and establishing corresponding metric filters and alarms.

CIS recommends that you create a metric filter and alarm for failed console authentication attempts. Monitoring failed console logins might decrease lead time to detect an attempt to brute-force a credential, which might provide an indicator, such as source IP, that you can use in other event correlations.

To run this check, Security Hub uses custom logic to perform the exact audit steps prescribed for control 4.6 in the CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0. This control fails if the exact metric filters prescribed by CIS are not used. Additional fields or terms cannot be added to the metric filters.

Note

When Security Hub performs the check for this control, it looks for CloudTrail trails that the current account uses. These trails might be organization trails that belong to another account. Multi-Region trails also might be based in a different Region.

The check results in FAILED findings in the following cases:

• No trail is configured.

• The available trails that are in the current Region and that are owned by current account do not meet the control requirements.

The check results in a control status of NO_DATA in the following cases:

• A multi-Region trail is based in a different Region. Security Hub can only generate findings in the Region where the trail is based.

• A multi-Region trail belongs to a different account. Security Hub can only generate findings for the account that owns the trail.

  We recommend organization trails to log events from many accounts in an organization. Organization trails are multi-Region trails by default and can only be managed by the AWS Organizations management account or the CloudTrail delegated administrator account. Using an organization trail results in a control status of NO_DATA for controls evaluated in organization member accounts. In member accounts, Security Hub only generates findings for member-owned resources. Findings that pertain to organization trails are generated in the resource owner's account. You can see these findings in your Security Hub delegated administrator account by using cross-Region aggregation.

For the alarm, the current account must either own the referenced Amazon SNS topic, or must get access to the Amazon SNS topic by calling ListSubscriptionsByTopic. Otherwise Security Hub generates WARNING findings for the control.

Remediation

To pass this control, follow these steps to create an Amazon SNS topic, an AWS CloudTrail trail, a metric filter, and an alarm for the metric filter.

1. Create an Amazon SNS topic. For instructions, see Getting started with Amazon SNS in the Amazon Simple Notification Service Developer Guide. Create a topic that receives all CIS alarms, and create at least one subscription to the topic.

2. Create a CloudTrail trail that applies to all AWS Regions. For instructions, see Creating a trail in the AWS CloudTrail User Guide.

   Make note of the name of the CloudWatch Logs log group that you associate with the CloudTrail trail. You create the metric filter for that log group in the next step.

3. Create a metric filter. For instructions, see Create a metric filter for a log group in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Define pattern, Filter pattern	{($.eventName=ConsoleLogin) && ($.errorMessage="Failed authentication")}
   Metric namespace	LogMetrics
   Metric value	1
   Default value	0

4. Create an alarm based on the filter. For instructions, see Creating a CloudWatch alarm based on a log group-metric filter in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Conditions, Threshold type	Static
   Whenever your-metric-name is...	Greater/Equal
   than...	1

[CloudWatch.7] Ensure a log metric filter and alarm exist for disabling or scheduled deletion of customer managed keys

Related requirements: CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.2.0/3.7, CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0/4.7

Category: Detect > Detection services

Severity: Low

Resource type: AWS::Logs::MetricFilter, AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm, AWS::CloudTrail::Trail, AWS::SNS::Topic

AWS Config rule: None (custom Security Hub rule)

Schedule type: Periodic

You can do real-time monitoring of API calls by directing CloudTrail logs to CloudWatch Logs and establishing corresponding metric filters and alarms.

CIS recommends that you create a metric filter and alarm for customer managed keys that have changed state to disabled or scheduled deletion. Data encrypted with disabled or deleted keys is no longer accessible.

To run this check, Security Hub uses custom logic to perform the exact audit steps prescribed for control 4.7 in the CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0. This control fails if the exact metric filters prescribed by CIS are not used. Additional fields or terms cannot be added to the metric filters. The control also fails if ExcludeManagementEventSources contains kms.amazonaws.com.

Note

When Security Hub performs the check for this control, it looks for CloudTrail trails that the current account uses. These trails might be organization trails that belong to another account. Multi-Region trails also might be based in a different Region.

The check results in FAILED findings in the following cases:

• No trail is configured.

• The available trails that are in the current Region and that are owned by current account do not meet the control requirements.

The check results in a control status of NO_DATA in the following cases:

• A multi-Region trail is based in a different Region. Security Hub can only generate findings in the Region where the trail is based.

• A multi-Region trail belongs to a different account. Security Hub can only generate findings for the account that owns the trail.

  We recommend organization trails to log events from many accounts in an organization. Organization trails are multi-Region trails by default and can only be managed by the AWS Organizations management account or the CloudTrail delegated administrator account. Using an organization trail results in a control status of NO_DATA for controls evaluated in organization member accounts. In member accounts, Security Hub only generates findings for member-owned resources. Findings that pertain to organization trails are generated in the resource owner's account. You can see these findings in your Security Hub delegated administrator account by using cross-Region aggregation.

For the alarm, the current account must either own the referenced Amazon SNS topic, or must get access to the Amazon SNS topic by calling ListSubscriptionsByTopic. Otherwise Security Hub generates WARNING findings for the control.

Remediation

To pass this control, follow these steps to create an Amazon SNS topic, an AWS CloudTrail trail, a metric filter, and an alarm for the metric filter.

1. Create an Amazon SNS topic. For instructions, see Getting started with Amazon SNS in the Amazon Simple Notification Service Developer Guide. Create a topic that receives all CIS alarms, and create at least one subscription to the topic.

2. Create a CloudTrail trail that applies to all AWS Regions. For instructions, see Creating a trail in the AWS CloudTrail User Guide.

   Make note of the name of the CloudWatch Logs log group that you associate with the CloudTrail trail. You create the metric filter for that log group in the next step.

3. Create a metric filter. For instructions, see Create a metric filter for a log group in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Define pattern, Filter pattern	{($.eventSource=kms.amazonaws.com) && (($.eventName=DisableKey) || ($.eventName=ScheduleKeyDeletion))}
   Metric namespace	LogMetrics
   Metric value	1
   Default value	0

4. Create an alarm based on the filter. For instructions, see Creating a CloudWatch alarm based on a log group-metric filter in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Conditions, Threshold type	Static
   Whenever your-metric-name is...	Greater/Equal
   than...	1

[CloudWatch.8] Ensure a log metric filter and alarm exist for S3 bucket policy changes

Related requirements: CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.2.0/3.8, CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0/4.8

Category: Detect > Detection services

Severity: Low

Resource type: AWS::Logs::MetricFilter, AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm, AWS::CloudTrail::Trail, AWS::SNS::Topic

AWS Config rule: None (custom Security Hub rule)

Schedule type: Periodic

You can do real-time monitoring of API calls by directing CloudTrail logs to CloudWatch Logs and establishing corresponding metric filters and alarms.

CIS recommends that you create a metric filter and alarm for changes to S3 bucket policies. Monitoring these changes might reduce time to detect and correct permissive policies on sensitive S3 buckets.

To run this check, Security Hub uses custom logic to perform the exact audit steps prescribed for control 4.8 in the CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0. This control fails if the exact metric filters prescribed by CIS are not used. Additional fields or terms cannot be added to the metric filters.

Note

When Security Hub performs the check for this control, it looks for CloudTrail trails that the current account uses. These trails might be organization trails that belong to another account. Multi-Region trails also might be based in a different Region.

The check results in FAILED findings in the following cases:

• No trail is configured.

• The available trails that are in the current Region and that are owned by current account do not meet the control requirements.

The check results in a control status of NO_DATA in the following cases:

• A multi-Region trail is based in a different Region. Security Hub can only generate findings in the Region where the trail is based.

• A multi-Region trail belongs to a different account. Security Hub can only generate findings for the account that owns the trail.

  We recommend organization trails to log events from many accounts in an organization. Organization trails are multi-Region trails by default and can only be managed by the AWS Organizations management account or the CloudTrail delegated administrator account. Using an organization trail results in a control status of NO_DATA for controls evaluated in organization member accounts. In member accounts, Security Hub only generates findings for member-owned resources. Findings that pertain to organization trails are generated in the resource owner's account. You can see these findings in your Security Hub delegated administrator account by using cross-Region aggregation.

For the alarm, the current account must either own the referenced Amazon SNS topic, or must get access to the Amazon SNS topic by calling ListSubscriptionsByTopic. Otherwise Security Hub generates WARNING findings for the control.

Remediation

To pass this control, follow these steps to create an Amazon SNS topic, an AWS CloudTrail trail, a metric filter, and an alarm for the metric filter.

1. Create an Amazon SNS topic. For instructions, see Getting started with Amazon SNS in the Amazon Simple Notification Service Developer Guide. Create a topic that receives all CIS alarms, and create at least one subscription to the topic.

2. Create a CloudTrail trail that applies to all AWS Regions. For instructions, see Creating a trail in the AWS CloudTrail User Guide.

   Make note of the name of the CloudWatch Logs log group that you associate with the CloudTrail trail. You create the metric filter for that log group in the next step.

3. Create a metric filter. For instructions, see Create a metric filter for a log group in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Define pattern, Filter pattern	{($.eventSource=s3.amazonaws.com) && (($.eventName=PutBucketAcl) || ($.eventName=PutBucketPolicy) || ($.eventName=PutBucketCors) || ($.eventName=PutBucketLifecycle) || ($.eventName=PutBucketReplication) || ($.eventName=DeleteBucketPolicy) || ($.eventName=DeleteBucketCors) || ($.eventName=DeleteBucketLifecycle) || ($.eventName=DeleteBucketReplication))}
   Metric namespace	LogMetrics
   Metric value	1
   Default value	0

4. Create an alarm based on the filter. For instructions, see Creating a CloudWatch alarm based on a log group-metric filter in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Conditions, Threshold type	Static
   Whenever your-metric-name is...	Greater/Equal
   than...	1

[CloudWatch.9] Ensure a log metric filter and alarm exist for AWS Config configuration changes

Related requirements: CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.2.0/3.9, CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0/4.9

Category: Detect > Detection services

Severity: Low

Resource type: AWS::Logs::MetricFilter, AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm, AWS::CloudTrail::Trail, AWS::SNS::Topic

AWS Config rule: None (custom Security Hub rule)

Schedule type: Periodic

You can do real-time monitoring of API calls by directing CloudTrail logs to CloudWatch Logs and establishing corresponding metric filters and alarms.

CIS recommends that you create a metric filter and alarm for changes to AWS Config configuration settings. Monitoring these changes helps ensure sustained visibility of configuration items in the account.

To run this check, Security Hub uses custom logic to perform the exact audit steps prescribed for control 4.9 in the CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0. This control fails if the exact metric filters prescribed by CIS are not used. Additional fields or terms cannot be added to the metric filters.

Note

When Security Hub performs the check for this control, it looks for CloudTrail trails that the current account uses. These trails might be organization trails that belong to another account. Multi-Region trails also might be based in a different Region.

The check results in FAILED findings in the following cases:

• No trail is configured.

• The available trails that are in the current Region and that are owned by current account do not meet the control requirements.

The check results in a control status of NO_DATA in the following cases:

• A multi-Region trail is based in a different Region. Security Hub can only generate findings in the Region where the trail is based.

• A multi-Region trail belongs to a different account. Security Hub can only generate findings for the account that owns the trail.

  We recommend organization trails to log events from many accounts in an organization. Organization trails are multi-Region trails by default and can only be managed by the AWS Organizations management account or the CloudTrail delegated administrator account. Using an organization trail results in a control status of NO_DATA for controls evaluated in organization member accounts. In member accounts, Security Hub only generates findings for member-owned resources. Findings that pertain to organization trails are generated in the resource owner's account. You can see these findings in your Security Hub delegated administrator account by using cross-Region aggregation.

For the alarm, the current account must either own the referenced Amazon SNS topic, or must get access to the Amazon SNS topic by calling ListSubscriptionsByTopic. Otherwise Security Hub generates WARNING findings for the control.

Remediation

To pass this control, follow these steps to create an Amazon SNS topic, an AWS CloudTrail trail, a metric filter, and an alarm for the metric filter.

1. Create an Amazon SNS topic. For instructions, see Getting started with Amazon SNS in the Amazon Simple Notification Service Developer Guide. Create a topic that receives all CIS alarms, and create at least one subscription to the topic.

2. Create a CloudTrail trail that applies to all AWS Regions. For instructions, see Creating a trail in the AWS CloudTrail User Guide.

   Make note of the name of the CloudWatch Logs log group that you associate with the CloudTrail trail. You create the metric filter for that log group in the next step.

3. Create a metric filter. For instructions, see Create a metric filter for a log group in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Define pattern, Filter pattern	{($.eventSource=config.amazonaws.com) && (($.eventName=StopConfigurationRecorder) || ($.eventName=DeleteDeliveryChannel) || ($.eventName=PutDeliveryChannel) || ($.eventName=PutConfigurationRecorder))}
   Metric namespace	LogMetrics
   Metric value	1
   Default value	0

4. Create an alarm based on the filter. For instructions, see Creating a CloudWatch alarm based on a log group-metric filter in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Conditions, Threshold type	Static
   Whenever your-metric-name is...	Greater/Equal
   than...	1

[CloudWatch.10] Ensure a log metric filter and alarm exist for security group changes

Related requirements: CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.2.0/3.10, CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0/4.10

Category: Detect > Detection services

Severity: Low

Resource type: AWS::Logs::MetricFilter, AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm, AWS::CloudTrail::Trail, AWS::SNS::Topic

AWS Config rule: None (custom Security Hub rule)

Schedule type: Periodic

You can do real-time monitoring of API calls by directing CloudTrail logs to CloudWatch Logs and establishing corresponding metric filters and alarms. Security groups are a stateful packet filter that controls ingress and egress traffic in a VPC.

CIS recommends that you create a metric filter and alarm for changes to security groups. Monitoring these changes helps ensure that resources and services aren't unintentionally exposed.

To run this check, Security Hub uses custom logic to perform the exact audit steps prescribed for control 4.10 in the CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0. This control fails if the exact metric filters prescribed by CIS are not used. Additional fields or terms cannot be added to the metric filters.

Note

When Security Hub performs the check for this control, it looks for CloudTrail trails that the current account uses. These trails might be organization trails that belong to another account. Multi-Region trails also might be based in a different Region.

The check results in FAILED findings in the following cases:

• No trail is configured.

• The available trails that are in the current Region and that are owned by current account do not meet the control requirements.

The check results in a control status of NO_DATA in the following cases:

• A multi-Region trail is based in a different Region. Security Hub can only generate findings in the Region where the trail is based.

• A multi-Region trail belongs to a different account. Security Hub can only generate findings for the account that owns the trail.

  We recommend organization trails to log events from many accounts in an organization. Organization trails are multi-Region trails by default and can only be managed by the AWS Organizations management account or the CloudTrail delegated administrator account. Using an organization trail results in a control status of NO_DATA for controls evaluated in organization member accounts. In member accounts, Security Hub only generates findings for member-owned resources. Findings that pertain to organization trails are generated in the resource owner's account. You can see these findings in your Security Hub delegated administrator account by using cross-Region aggregation.

For the alarm, the current account must either own the referenced Amazon SNS topic, or must get access to the Amazon SNS topic by calling ListSubscriptionsByTopic. Otherwise Security Hub generates WARNING findings for the control.

Remediation

To pass this control, follow these steps to create an Amazon SNS topic, an AWS CloudTrail trail, a metric filter, and an alarm for the metric filter.

1. Create an Amazon SNS topic. For instructions, see Getting started with Amazon SNS in the Amazon Simple Notification Service Developer Guide. Create a topic that receives all CIS alarms, and create at least one subscription to the topic.

2. Create a CloudTrail trail that applies to all AWS Regions. For instructions, see Creating a trail in the AWS CloudTrail User Guide.

   Make note of the name of the CloudWatch Logs log group that you associate with the CloudTrail trail. You create the metric filter for that log group in the next step.

3. Create a metric filter. For instructions, see Create a metric filter for a log group in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Define pattern, Filter pattern	{($.eventName=AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress) || ($.eventName=AuthorizeSecurityGroupEgress) || ($.eventName=RevokeSecurityGroupIngress) || ($.eventName=RevokeSecurityGroupEgress) || ($.eventName=CreateSecurityGroup) || ($.eventName=DeleteSecurityGroup)}
   Metric namespace	LogMetrics
   Metric value	1
   Default value	0

4. Create an alarm based on the filter. For instructions, see Creating a CloudWatch alarm based on a log group-metric filter in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Conditions, Threshold type	Static
   Whenever your-metric-name is...	Greater/Equal
   than...	1

[CloudWatch.11] Ensure a log metric filter and alarm exist for changes to Network Access Control Lists (NACL)

Related requirements: CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.2.0/3.11, CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0/4.11

Category: Detect > Detection services

Severity: Low

Resource type: AWS::Logs::MetricFilter, AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm, AWS::CloudTrail::Trail, AWS::SNS::Topic

AWS Config rule: None (custom Security Hub rule)

Schedule type: Periodic

You can do real-time monitoring of API calls by directing CloudTrail logs to CloudWatch Logs and establishing corresponding metric filters and alarms. NACLs are used as a stateless packet filter to control ingress and egress traffic for subnets in a VPC.

CIS recommends that you create a metric filter and alarm for changes to NACLs. Monitoring these changes helps ensure that AWS resources and services aren't unintentionally exposed.

To run this check, Security Hub uses custom logic to perform the exact audit steps prescribed for control 4.11 in the CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0. This control fails if the exact metric filters prescribed by CIS are not used. Additional fields or terms cannot be added to the metric filters.

Note

When Security Hub performs the check for this control, it looks for CloudTrail trails that the current account uses. These trails might be organization trails that belong to another account. Multi-Region trails also might be based in a different Region.

The check results in FAILED findings in the following cases:

• No trail is configured.

• The available trails that are in the current Region and that are owned by current account do not meet the control requirements.

The check results in a control status of NO_DATA in the following cases:

• A multi-Region trail is based in a different Region. Security Hub can only generate findings in the Region where the trail is based.

• A multi-Region trail belongs to a different account. Security Hub can only generate findings for the account that owns the trail.

  We recommend organization trails to log events from many accounts in an organization. Organization trails are multi-Region trails by default and can only be managed by the AWS Organizations management account or the CloudTrail delegated administrator account. Using an organization trail results in a control status of NO_DATA for controls evaluated in organization member accounts. In member accounts, Security Hub only generates findings for member-owned resources. Findings that pertain to organization trails are generated in the resource owner's account. You can see these findings in your Security Hub delegated administrator account by using cross-Region aggregation.

For the alarm, the current account must either own the referenced Amazon SNS topic, or must get access to the Amazon SNS topic by calling ListSubscriptionsByTopic. Otherwise Security Hub generates WARNING findings for the control.

Remediation

To pass this control, follow these steps to create an Amazon SNS topic, an AWS CloudTrail trail, a metric filter, and an alarm for the metric filter.

1. Create an Amazon SNS topic. For instructions, see Getting started with Amazon SNS in the Amazon Simple Notification Service Developer Guide. Create a topic that receives all CIS alarms, and create at least one subscription to the topic.

2. Create a CloudTrail trail that applies to all AWS Regions. For instructions, see Creating a trail in the AWS CloudTrail User Guide.

   Make note of the name of the CloudWatch Logs log group that you associate with the CloudTrail trail. You create the metric filter for that log group in the next step.

3. Create a metric filter. For instructions, see Create a metric filter for a log group in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Define pattern, Filter pattern	{($.eventName=CreateNetworkAcl) || ($.eventName=CreateNetworkAclEntry) || ($.eventName=DeleteNetworkAcl) || ($.eventName=DeleteNetworkAclEntry) || ($.eventName=ReplaceNetworkAclEntry) || ($.eventName=ReplaceNetworkAclAssociation)}
   Metric namespace	LogMetrics
   Metric value	1
   Default value	0

4. Create an alarm based on the filter. For instructions, see Creating a CloudWatch alarm based on a log group-metric filter in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Conditions, Threshold type	Static
   Whenever your-metric-name is...	Greater/Equal
   than...	1

[CloudWatch.12] Ensure a log metric filter and alarm exist for changes to network gateways

Related requirements: CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.2.0/3.12, CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0/4.12

Category: Detect > Detection services

Severity: Low

Resource type: AWS::Logs::MetricFilter, AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm, AWS::CloudTrail::Trail, AWS::SNS::Topic

AWS Config rule: None (custom Security Hub rule)

Schedule type: Periodic

You can do real-time monitoring of API calls by directing CloudTrail logs to CloudWatch Logs and establishing corresponding metric filters and alarms. Network gateways are required to send and receive traffic to a destination outside a VPC.

CIS recommends that you create a metric filter and alarm for changes to network gateways. Monitoring these changes helps ensure that all ingress and egress traffic traverses the VPC border via a controlled path.

To run this check, Security Hub uses custom logic to perform the exact audit steps prescribed for control 4.12 in the CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.2. This control fails if the exact metric filters prescribed by CIS are not used. Additional fields or terms cannot be added to the metric filters.

Note

When Security Hub performs the check for this control, it looks for CloudTrail trails that the current account uses. These trails might be organization trails that belong to another account. Multi-Region trails also might be based in a different Region.

The check results in FAILED findings in the following cases:

• No trail is configured.

• The available trails that are in the current Region and that are owned by current account do not meet the control requirements.

The check results in a control status of NO_DATA in the following cases:

• A multi-Region trail is based in a different Region. Security Hub can only generate findings in the Region where the trail is based.

• A multi-Region trail belongs to a different account. Security Hub can only generate findings for the account that owns the trail.

  We recommend organization trails to log events from many accounts in an organization. Organization trails are multi-Region trails by default and can only be managed by the AWS Organizations management account or the CloudTrail delegated administrator account. Using an organization trail results in a control status of NO_DATA for controls evaluated in organization member accounts. In member accounts, Security Hub only generates findings for member-owned resources. Findings that pertain to organization trails are generated in the resource owner's account. You can see these findings in your Security Hub delegated administrator account by using cross-Region aggregation.

For the alarm, the current account must either own the referenced Amazon SNS topic, or must get access to the Amazon SNS topic by calling ListSubscriptionsByTopic. Otherwise Security Hub generates WARNING findings for the control.

Remediation

To pass this control, follow these steps to create an Amazon SNS topic, an AWS CloudTrail trail, a metric filter, and an alarm for the metric filter.

1. Create an Amazon SNS topic. For instructions, see Getting started with Amazon SNS in the Amazon Simple Notification Service Developer Guide. Create a topic that receives all CIS alarms, and create at least one subscription to the topic.

2. Create a CloudTrail trail that applies to all AWS Regions. For instructions, see Creating a trail in the AWS CloudTrail User Guide.

   Make note of the name of the CloudWatch Logs log group that you associate with the CloudTrail trail. You create the metric filter for that log group in the next step.

3. Create a metric filter. For instructions, see Create a metric filter for a log group in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Define pattern, Filter pattern	{($.eventName=CreateCustomerGateway) || ($.eventName=DeleteCustomerGateway) || ($.eventName=AttachInternetGateway) || ($.eventName=CreateInternetGateway) || ($.eventName=DeleteInternetGateway) || ($.eventName=DetachInternetGateway)}
   Metric namespace	LogMetrics
   Metric value	1
   Default value	0

4. Create an alarm based on the filter. For instructions, see Creating a CloudWatch alarm based on a log group-metric filter in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Conditions, Threshold type	Static
   Whenever your-metric-name is...	Greater/Equal
   than...	1

[CloudWatch.13] Ensure a log metric filter and alarm exist for route table changes

Related requirements: CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.2.0/3.13, CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0/4.13

Category: Detect > Detection services

Severity: Low

Resource type: AWS::Logs::MetricFilter, AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm, AWS::CloudTrail::Trail, AWS::SNS::Topic

AWS Config rule: None (custom Security Hub rule)

Schedule type: Periodic

This control checks whether you monitor API calls in real time by directing CloudTrail logs to CloudWatch Logs and establishing corresponding metric filters and alarms. Routing tables route network traffic between subnets and to network gateways.

CIS recommends that you create a metric filter and alarm for changes to route tables. Monitoring these changes helps ensure that all VPC traffic flows through an expected path.

Note

When Security Hub performs the check for this control, it looks for CloudTrail trails that the current account uses. These trails might be organization trails that belong to another account. Multi-Region trails also might be based in a different Region.

The check results in FAILED findings in the following cases:

• No trail is configured.

• The available trails that are in the current Region and that are owned by current account do not meet the control requirements.

The check results in a control status of NO_DATA in the following cases:

• A multi-Region trail is based in a different Region. Security Hub can only generate findings in the Region where the trail is based.

• A multi-Region trail belongs to a different account. Security Hub can only generate findings for the account that owns the trail.

  We recommend organization trails to log events from many accounts in an organization. Organization trails are multi-Region trails by default and can only be managed by the AWS Organizations management account or the CloudTrail delegated administrator account. Using an organization trail results in a control status of NO_DATA for controls evaluated in organization member accounts. In member accounts, Security Hub only generates findings for member-owned resources. Findings that pertain to organization trails are generated in the resource owner's account. You can see these findings in your Security Hub delegated administrator account by using cross-Region aggregation.

For the alarm, the current account must either own the referenced Amazon SNS topic, or must get access to the Amazon SNS topic by calling ListSubscriptionsByTopic. Otherwise Security Hub generates WARNING findings for the control.

Remediation

Note

Our recommended filter pattern in these remediation steps differs from the filter pattern in the CIS guidance. Our recommended filters target only events coming from Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) API calls.

To pass this control, follow these steps to create an Amazon SNS topic, an AWS CloudTrail trail, a metric filter, and an alarm for the metric filter.

1. Create an Amazon SNS topic. For instructions, see Getting started with Amazon SNS in the Amazon Simple Notification Service Developer Guide. Create a topic that receives all CIS alarms, and create at least one subscription to the topic.

2. Create a CloudTrail trail that applies to all AWS Regions. For instructions, see Creating a trail in the AWS CloudTrail User Guide.

   Make note of the name of the CloudWatch Logs log group that you associate with the CloudTrail trail. You create the metric filter for that log group in the next step.

3. Create a metric filter. For instructions, see Create a metric filter for a log group in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Define pattern, Filter pattern	{($.eventSource=ec2.amazonaws.com) && (($.eventName=CreateRoute) || ($.eventName=CreateRouteTable) || ($.eventName=ReplaceRoute) || ($.eventName=ReplaceRouteTableAssociation) || ($.eventName=DeleteRouteTable) || ($.eventName=DeleteRoute) || ($.eventName=DisassociateRouteTable))}
   Metric namespace	LogMetrics
   Metric value	1
   Default value	0

4. Create an alarm based on the filter. For instructions, see Creating a CloudWatch alarm based on a log group-metric filter in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Conditions, Threshold type	Static
   Whenever your-metric-name is...	Greater/Equal
   than...	1

[CloudWatch.14] Ensure a log metric filter and alarm exist for VPC changes

Related requirements: CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.2.0/3.14, CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0/4.14

Category: Detect > Detection services

Severity: Low

Resource type: AWS::Logs::MetricFilter, AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm, AWS::CloudTrail::Trail, AWS::SNS::Topic

AWS Config rule: None (custom Security Hub rule)

Schedule type: Periodic

You can do real-time monitoring of API calls by directing CloudTrail logs to CloudWatch Logs and establishing corresponding metric filters and alarms. You can have more than one VPC in an account, and you can create a peer connection between two VPCs, enabling network traffic to route between VPCs.

CIS recommends that you create a metric filter and alarm for changes to VPCs. Monitoring these changes helps ensure that authentication and authorization controls remain intact.

To run this check, Security Hub uses custom logic to perform the exact audit steps prescribed for control 4.14 in the CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0. This control fails if the exact metric filters prescribed by CIS are not used. Additional fields or terms cannot be added to the metric filters.

Note

When Security Hub performs the check for this control, it looks for CloudTrail trails that the current account uses. These trails might be organization trails that belong to another account. Multi-Region trails also might be based in a different Region.

The check results in FAILED findings in the following cases:

• No trail is configured.

• The available trails that are in the current Region and that are owned by current account do not meet the control requirements.

The check results in a control status of NO_DATA in the following cases:

• A multi-Region trail is based in a different Region. Security Hub can only generate findings in the Region where the trail is based.

• A multi-Region trail belongs to a different account. Security Hub can only generate findings for the account that owns the trail.

  We recommend organization trails to log events from many accounts in an organization. Organization trails are multi-Region trails by default and can only be managed by the AWS Organizations management account or the CloudTrail delegated administrator account. Using an organization trail results in a control status of NO_DATA for controls evaluated in organization member accounts. In member accounts, Security Hub only generates findings for member-owned resources. Findings that pertain to organization trails are generated in the resource owner's account. You can see these findings in your Security Hub delegated administrator account by using cross-Region aggregation.

For the alarm, the current account must either own the referenced Amazon SNS topic, or must get access to the Amazon SNS topic by calling ListSubscriptionsByTopic. Otherwise Security Hub generates WARNING findings for the control.

Remediation

To pass this control, follow these steps to create an Amazon SNS topic, an AWS CloudTrail trail, a metric filter, and an alarm for the metric filter.

1. Create an Amazon SNS topic. For instructions, see Getting started with Amazon SNS in the Amazon Simple Notification Service Developer Guide. Create a topic that receives all CIS alarms, and create at least one subscription to the topic.

2. Create a CloudTrail trail that applies to all AWS Regions. For instructions, see Creating a trail in the AWS CloudTrail User Guide.

   Make note of the name of the CloudWatch Logs log group that you associate with the CloudTrail trail. You create the metric filter for that log group in the next step.

3. Create a metric filter. For instructions, see Create a metric filter for a log group in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Define pattern, Filter pattern	{($.eventName=CreateVpc) || ($.eventName=DeleteVpc) || ($.eventName=ModifyVpcAttribute) || ($.eventName=AcceptVpcPeeringConnection) || ($.eventName=CreateVpcPeeringConnection) || ($.eventName=DeleteVpcPeeringConnection) || ($.eventName=RejectVpcPeeringConnection) || ($.eventName=AttachClassicLinkVpc) || ($.eventName=DetachClassicLinkVpc) || ($.eventName=DisableVpcClassicLink) || ($.eventName=EnableVpcClassicLink)}
   Metric namespace	LogMetrics
   Metric value	1
   Default value	0

4. Create an alarm based on the filter. For instructions, see Creating a CloudWatch alarm based on a log group-metric filter in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide. Use the following values:

   Field	Value
   Conditions, Threshold type	Static
   Whenever your-metric-name is...	Greater/Equal
   than...	1

[CloudWatch.15] CloudWatch alarms should have an action configured for the ALARM state

Category: Detect > Detection services

Related requirements: NIST.800-53.r5 AU-6(1), NIST.800-53.r5 AU-6(5), NIST.800-53.r5 CA-7, NIST.800-53.r5 IR-4(1), NIST.800-53.r5 IR-4(5), NIST.800-53.r5 SI-2, NIST.800-53.r5 SI-20, NIST.800-53.r5 SI-4(12), NIST.800-53.r5 SI-4(5)

Severity: High

Resource type: AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm

AWS Config rule: cloudwatch-alarm-action-check

Schedule type: Change triggered

Parameters:

• alarmActionRequired: true

• insufficientDataActionRequired: false

• okActionRequired: false

This control checks if CloudWatch alarms have at least one action configured for the ALARM state. The control fails if the alarm doesn't have an action activated for the ALARM state.

Whereas this control focuses on whether any ALARM action is configured in a CloudWatch alarm, CloudWatch.17 focuses on the activation status of a CloudWatch alarm action.

We recommend activating alarm actions to automatically alert you when a monitored metric is outside the defined threshold. Monitoring alarms help you identify unusual activities and quickly respond to security and operational issues. You can specify what actions an alarm should take when it goes into OK, ALARM, and INSUFFICIENT_DATA states. The most common type of alarm action is to notify one or more users by sending a message to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.

Remediation

For information about actions supported by CloudWatch alarms, see Alarm actions in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide.

[CloudWatch.16] CloudWatch log groups should be retained for at least 1 year

Category: Identify > Logging

Related requirements: NIST.800-53.r5 AU-10, NIST.800-53.r5 AU-11, NIST.800-53.r5 AU-6(3), NIST.800-53.r5 AU-6(4), NIST.800-53.r5 CA-7, NIST.800-53.r5 SI-12

Severity: Medium

Resource type: AWS::Logs::LogGroup

AWS Config rule: cw-loggroup-retention-period-check

Schedule type: Periodic

Parameters: None

This controls evaluates if a CloudWatch log group has a retention period of at least 1 year. The control fails if the retention period is less than 1 year.

CloudWatch Logs centralize logs from all of your systems, applications, and AWS services in a single, highly scalable service. You can use Amazon CloudWatch Logs to monitor, store, and access your log files from Amazon EC2 instances, CloudTrail, Route 53, and other sources. Retaining your logs for at least 1 year can help you comply with log retention standards.

Remediation

To configure log retention settings, see Change log data retention in Amazon CloudWatch Logs in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide.

[CloudWatch.17] CloudWatch alarm actions should be activated

Category: Detect > Detection services

Related requirements: NIST.800-53.r5 AU-6(1), NIST.800-53.r5 AU-6(5), NIST.800-53.r5 CA-7, NIST.800-53.r5 SI-2, NIST.800-53.r5 SI-4(12)

Severity: High

Resource type: AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm

AWS Config rule: cloudwatch-alarm-action-enabled-check

Schedule type: Change triggered

Parameters: None

This control checks if CloudWatch alarm actions are activated (ActionEnabled should be set to true). The control fails if the alarm action for a CloudWatch alarm is deactivated.

Whereas this control focuses on the activation status of a CloudWatch alarm action, CloudWatch.15 focuses on whether any ALARM action is configured in a CloudWatch alarm.

Alarm actions automatically alert you when a monitored metric is outside the defined threshold. If the alarm action is deactivated, no actions are run when the alarm changes state, and you won't be alerted to changes in monitored metrics. We recommend activating CloudWatch alarm actions to help you quickly respond to security and operational issues.

Remediation

To activate a CloudWatch alarm action (console)

1. Open the CloudWatch console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/cloudwatch/.

2. In the navigation pane, under Alarms, choose All alarms.

3. Select the alarm that you want to activate actions for.

4. For Actions, choose Alarm actions–new, and then choose Enable.

For more information about activating CloudWatch alarm actions, see Alarm actions in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide.