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使用 AWS CloudTrail 記錄 API 呼叫
AWS WAFAWS Shield Advanced、AWS Firewall Manager且已與整合AWS CloudTrail，提供由使用者、角色或服AWS務所採取之動作的記錄。 CloudTrail 將這些服務的 API 呼叫子集擷取為事件 Shield 包括 Firewall Manager 自AWS WAF、以及來自對AWS WAF、Shield 行 Firewall Manager 式碼呼叫。如果您建立追蹤，就可以持續傳送 CloudTrail 事件至 Amazon S3 儲存貯體，包括的事件AWS WAF、Shield Advanced 或 Firewall Manager 員。如果未設定追蹤，您依然可以在事件歷史記錄中檢視最新的事件。 CloudTrail 您可以利用收集的資訊來 CloudTrail判斷向這些服務發出的請求，以及提出請求的 IP 地址、提出請求的對象、時間和其他詳細資訊。
若要進一步了解該服務 CloudTrail，包括如何設定及啟用，請參閱《AWS CloudTrail使用者指南》。
CloudTrail 當您建立帳戶AWS 帳戶時，系統即會在中啟用。當「Shield 牌進階」或「Firewall Manager 員」中AWS WAF發生支援的事件活動時，系統會將該活動與 CloudTrail事件歷史記錄中的其他AWS服務事件一併記錄在事件中。您可以檢視、搜尋和下載 AWS 帳戶 的最新事件。如需詳細資訊，請參閱使用 CloudTrail 事件歷程記錄檢視事件。
若要持續記錄您的事件AWS 帳戶，包括的事件AWS WAF、Shield Advanced 或 Firewall Manager 員，請建立追蹤。線索能 CloudTrail 讓日誌檔案交付至 Amazon S3 儲存貯體。在主控台建立追蹤記錄時，該追蹤記錄預設會套用到所有區域。該追蹤會記錄來自 AWS 分割區中所有區域的事件，並將日誌檔案交付到您指定的 Amazon S3 儲存貯體。此外，您可以設定其他AWS服務，以進一步分析 CloudTrail 日誌中收集的事件資料，並採取相應動作。如需詳細資訊，請參閱下列內容：
AWS CloudTrail 中的 AWS WAF 資訊
AWS CloudTrail 會記錄所有 AWS WAF 動作，列在 AWS WAF API 參考中。例如，對 ListWebACL、UpdateWebACL 和 DeleteWebACL 的呼叫，會在 CloudTrail 日誌檔中產生項目。
每一筆事件或日誌項目都會包含產生請求者的資訊。身分資訊可協助您判斷下列事項：
-
該請求是否使用者使用者根使用者使用者
-
提出該請求時，是否使用了特定角色或聯合身分使用者的臨時安全憑證
-
該請求是否由另一項 AWS 服務提出
如需詳細資訊，請參閱 CloudTrail userIdentity 元素。
AWS WAF 日誌檔案項目範例
追蹤是一種組態，能讓事件以日誌檔案的形式交付至您指定的 Amazon S3 儲存貯體。 AWS CloudTrail日誌檔案包含一個或多個日誌項目。一個事件為任何來源提出的單一請求，並包含請求動作、請求的日期和時間、請求參數等資訊。 CloudTrail 日誌檔案並非依公有 API 呼叫追蹤記錄的堆疊排序，因此不會以任何特定順序出現。
以下是AWS WAF Web ACL 作業的 CloudTrail 記錄項目範例。
範例：的 CloudTrail 記錄項目CreateWebACL
{ "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "principalId", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::112233445566:assumed-role/Admin", "accountId": "112233445566", "accessKeyId": "accessKeyId", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "principalId", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::112233445566:role/Admin", "accountId": "112233445566", "userName": "Admin" }, "webIdFederationData": {}, "attributes": { "mfaAuthenticated": "false", "creationDate": "2019-11-06T03:43:07Z" } } }, "eventTime": "2019-11-06T03:44:21Z", "eventSource": "wafv2.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "CreateWebACL", "awsRegion": "us-west-2", "sourceIPAddress": "10.0.0.1", "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.87 Safari/537.36", "requestParameters": { "name": "foo", "scope": "CLOUDFRONT", "defaultAction": { "block": {} }, "description": "foo", "rules": [ { "name": "foo", "priority": 1, "statement": { "geoMatchStatement": { "countryCodes": [ "AF", "AF" ] } }, "action": { "block": {} }, "visibilityConfig": { "sampledRequestsEnabled": true, "cloudWatchMetricsEnabled": true, "metricName": "foo" } } ], "visibilityConfig": { "sampledRequestsEnabled": true, "cloudWatchMetricsEnabled": true, "metricName": "foo" } }, "responseElements": { "summary": { "name": "foo", "id": "ebbcb976-8d59-4d20-8ca8-4ab2f6b7c07b", "description": "foo", "lockToken": "67551e73-49d8-4363-be48-244deea72ea9", "aRN": "arn:aws:wafv2:us-west-2:112233445566:global/webacl/foo/ebbcb976-8d59-4d20-8ca8-4ab2f6b7c07b" } }, "requestID": "c51521ba-3911-45ca-ba77-43aba50471ca", "eventID": "afd1a60a-7d84-417f-bc9c-7116cf029065", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "2019-04-23", "recipientAccountId": "112233445566" }
範例：的 CloudTrail 記錄項目GetWebACL
{ "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "AssumedRole", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::112233445566:assumed-role/Admin/admin", "accountId": "112233445566", "accessKeyId": "accessKeyId", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "AssumedRole", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::112233445566:role/Admin", "accountId": "112233445566", "userName": "Admin" }, "webIdFederationData": {}, "attributes": { "mfaAuthenticated": "false", "creationDate": "2019-11-06T19:17:20Z" } } }, "eventTime": "2019-11-06T19:18:28Z", "eventSource": "wafv2.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "GetWebACL", "awsRegion": "us-west-2", "sourceIPAddress": "10.0.0.1", "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.87 Safari/537.36", "requestParameters": { "name": "foo", "scope": "CLOUDFRONT", "id": "webacl" }, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "f2db4884-4eeb-490c-afe7-67cbb494ce3b", "eventID": "7d563cd6-4123-4082-8880-c2d1fda4d90b", "readOnly": true, "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "2019-04-23", "recipientAccountId": "112233445566" }
範例：的 CloudTrail 記錄項目UpdateWebACL
{ "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "principalId", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::112233445566:assumed-role/Admin", "accountId": "112233445566", "accessKeyId": "accessKeyId", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "principalId", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::112233445566:role/Admin", "accountId": "112233445566", "userName": "Admin" }, "webIdFederationData": {}, "attributes": { "mfaAuthenticated": "false", "creationDate": "2019-11-06T19:17:20Z" } } }, "eventTime": "2019-11-06T19:20:56Z", "eventSource": "wafv2.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "UpdateWebACL", "awsRegion": "us-west-2", "sourceIPAddress": "10.0.0.1", "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.87 Safari/537.36", "requestParameters": { "name": "foo", "scope": "CLOUDFRONT", "id": "ebbcb976-8d59-4d20-8ca8-4ab2f6b7c07b", "defaultAction": { "block": {} }, "description": "foo", "rules": [ { "name": "foo", "priority": 1, "statement": { "geoMatchStatement": { "countryCodes": [ "AF" ] } }, "action": { "block": {} }, "visibilityConfig": { "sampledRequestsEnabled": true, "cloudWatchMetricsEnabled": true, "metricName": "foo" } } ], "visibilityConfig": { "sampledRequestsEnabled": true, "cloudWatchMetricsEnabled": true, "metricName": "foo" }, "lockToken": "67551e73-49d8-4363-be48-244deea72ea9" }, "responseElements": { "nextLockToken": "a6b54c01-7975-4e6d-b7d0-2653cb6e231d" }, "requestID": "41c96e12-9790-46ab-b145-a230f358f2c2", "eventID": "517a10e6-4ca9-4828-af90-a5cff9756594", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "2019-04-23", "recipientAccountId": "112233445566" }
範例：的 CloudTrail 記錄項目DeleteWebACL
{ "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "principalId", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::112233445566:assumed-role/Admin/sheqiang-Isengard", "accountId": "112233445566", "accessKeyId": "accessKeyId", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "principalId", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::112233445566:role/Admin", "accountId": "112233445566", "userName": "Admin" }, "webIdFederationData": {}, "attributes": { "mfaAuthenticated": "false", "creationDate": "2019-11-06T19:17:20Z" } } }, "eventTime": "2019-11-06T19:25:17Z", "eventSource": "wafv2.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "DeleteWebACL", "awsRegion": "us-west-2", "sourceIPAddress": "10.0.0.1", "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.87 Safari/537.36", "requestParameters": { "name": "foo", "scope": "CLOUDFRONT", "id": "ebbcb976-8d59-4d20-8ca8-4ab2f6b7c07b", "lockToken": "a6b54c01-7975-4e6d-b7d0-2653cb6e231d" }, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "71703f89-e139-440c-96d4-9c77f4cd7565", "eventID": "2f976624-b6a5-4a09-a8d0-aa3e9f4e5187", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "2019-04-23", "recipientAccountId": "112233445566" }
範例：AWS WAF Classic 日誌檔項目
AWS WAF Classic 是舊版的 AWS WAF。如需相關資訊，請參閱 AWS WAF Classic。
日誌項目會示範 CreateRule、GetRule、UpdateRule 和 DeleteRule 操作：
{ "Records": [ { "eventVersion": "1.03", "userIdentity": { "type": "IAMUser", "principalId": "AIDAIEP4IT4TPDEXAMPLE", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::777777777777:user/nate", "accountId": "777777777777", "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "userName": "nate" }, "eventTime": "2016-04-25T21:35:14Z", "eventSource": "waf.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "CreateRule", "awsRegion": "us-west-2", "sourceIPAddress": "AWS Internal", "userAgent": "console.amazonaws.com", "requestParameters": { "name": "0923ab32-7229-49f0-a0e3-66c81example", "changeToken": "l9434322-8685-4ed2-9c5b-9410bexample", "metricName": "0923ab32722949f0a0e366c81example" }, "responseElements": { "rule": { "metricName": "0923ab32722949f0a0e366c81example", "ruleId": "12132e64-6750-4725-b714-e7544example", "predicates": [ ], "name": "0923ab32-7229-49f0-a0e3-66c81example" }, "changeToken": "l9434322-8685-4ed2-9c5b-9410bexample" }, "requestID": "4e6b66f9-d548-11e3-a8a9-73e33example", "eventID": "923f4321-d378-4619-9b72-4605bexample", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "2015-08-24", "recipientAccountId": "777777777777" }, { "eventVersion": "1.03", "userIdentity": { "type": "IAMUser", "principalId": "AIDAIEP4IT4TPDEXAMPLE", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::777777777777:user/nate", "accountId": "777777777777", "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "userName": "nate" }, "eventTime": "2016-04-25T21:35:22Z", "eventSource": "waf.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "GetRule", "awsRegion": "us-west-2", "sourceIPAddress": "AWS Internal", "userAgent": "console.amazonaws.com", "requestParameters": { "ruleId": "723c2943-82dc-4bc1-a29b-c7d73example" }, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "8e4f3211-d548-11e3-a8a9-73e33example", "eventID": "an236542-d1f9-4639-bb3d-8d2bbexample", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "2015-08-24", "recipientAccountId": "777777777777" }, { "eventVersion": "1.03", "userIdentity": { "type": "IAMUser", "principalId": "AIDAIEP4IT4TPDEXAMPLE", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::777777777777:user/nate", "accountId": "777777777777", "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "userName": "nate" }, "eventTime": "2016-04-25T21:35:13Z", "eventSource": "waf.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "UpdateRule", "awsRegion": "us-west-2", "sourceIPAddress": "AWS Internal", "userAgent": "console.amazonaws.com", "requestParameters": { "ruleId": "7237b123-7903-4d9e-8176-9d71dexample", "changeToken": "32343a11-35e2-4dab-81d8-6d408example", "updates": [ { "predicate": { "type": "SizeConstraint", "dataId": "9239c032-bbbe-4b80-909b-782c0example", "negated": false }, "action": "INSERT" } ] }, "responseElements": { "changeToken": "32343a11-35e2-4dab-81d8-6d408example" }, "requestID": "11918283-0b2d-11e6-9ccc-f9921example", "eventID": "00032abc-5bce-4237-a8ee-5f1a9example", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "2015-08-24", "recipientAccountId": "777777777777" }, { "eventVersion": "1.03", "userIdentity": { "type": "IAMUser", "principalId": "AIDAIEP4IT4TPDEXAMPLE", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::777777777777:user/nate", "accountId": "777777777777", "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "userName": "nate" }, "eventTime": "2016-04-25T21:35:28Z", "eventSource": "waf.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "DeleteRule", "awsRegion": "us-west-2", "sourceIPAddress": "AWS Internal", "userAgent": "console.amazonaws.com", "requestParameters": { "changeToken": "fd232003-62de-4ea3-853d-52932example", "ruleId": "3e3e2d11-fd8b-4333-8b03-1da95example" }, "responseElements": { "changeToken": "fd232003-62de-4ea3-853d-52932example" }, "requestID": "b23458a1-0b2d-11e6-9ccc-f9928example", "eventID": "a3236565-1a1a-4475-978e-81c12example", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "2015-08-24", "recipientAccountId": "777777777777" } ] }
AWS Shield Advanced中的資訊 CloudTrail
AWS Shield Advanced支援將下列 API 動作記錄為 CloudTrail 日誌檔案中的事件：
每一筆事件或日誌項目都會包含產生請求者的資訊。身分資訊可協助您判斷下列事項：
-
該請求是否使用者使用者根使用者使用者
-
提出該請求時，是否使用了特定角色或聯合身分使用者的暫時安全憑證。
-
該請求是否由另一項 AWS 服務提出。
如需詳細資訊，請參閱 CloudTrail 使用者身分元素。
範例：Shield 進階日誌檔案項目
追蹤是一種組態，能讓事件以日誌檔案的形式交付至您指定的 Amazon S3 儲存貯體。 CloudTrail 日誌檔案包含一個或多個日誌項目。一個事件為任何來源提出的單一請求，並包含請求動作、請求的日期和時間、請求參數等資訊。 CloudTrail 日誌檔案並非依公有 API 呼叫追蹤記錄的堆疊排序，因此不會以任何特定順序出現。
以下範例顯示的是展示DeleteProtection和ListProtections動作的 CloudTrail 日誌項目。
[ { "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "IAMUser", "principalId": "1234567890987654321231", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/SampleUser", "accountId": "123456789012", "accessKeyId": "1AFGDT647FHU83JHFI81H", "userName": "SampleUser" }, "eventTime": "2018-01-10T21:31:14Z", "eventSource": "shield.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "DeleteProtection", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "AWS Internal", "userAgent": "aws-cli/1.14.10 Python/3.6.4 Darwin/16.7.0 botocore/1.8.14", "requestParameters": { "protectionId": "12345678-5104-46eb-bd03-agh4j8rh3b6n" }, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "95bc0042-f64d-11e7-abd1-1babdc7aa857", "eventID": "85263bf4-17h4-43bb-b405-fh84jhd8urhg", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "AWSShield_20160616", "recipientAccountId": "123456789012" }, { "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "IAMUser", "principalId": "123456789098765432123", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/SampleUser", "accountId": "123456789012", "accessKeyId": "1AFGDT647FHU83JHFI81H", "userName": "SampleUser" }, "eventTime": "2018-01-10T21:30:03Z", "eventSource": "shield.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "ListProtections", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "AWS Internal", "userAgent": "aws-cli/1.14.10 Python/3.6.4 Darwin/16.7.0 botocore/1.8.14", "requestParameters": null, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "6accca40-f64d-11e7-abd1-1bjfi8urhj47", "eventID": "ac0570bd-8dbc-41ac-a2c2-987j90j3h78f", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "AWSShield_20160616", "recipientAccountId": "123456789012" } ]
AWS Firewall Manager中的資訊 CloudTrail
AWS Firewall Manager支援將下列 API 動作記錄為 CloudTrail 日誌檔案中的事件：
每一筆事件或日誌項目都會包含產生請求者的資訊。身分資訊可協助您判斷下列事項：
-
該請求是否使用者使用者根使用者使用者
-
提出該請求時，是否使用了特定角色或聯合身分使用者的暫時安全憑證。
-
該請求是否由另一項 AWS 服務提出。
如需詳細資訊，請參閱 CloudTrail 使用者身分元素。
範例：Firewall Manager 日誌檔案項目
追蹤是一種組態，能讓事件以日誌檔案的形式交付至您指定的 Amazon S3 儲存貯體。 CloudTrail 日誌檔案包含一個或多個日誌項目。一個事件為任何來源提出的單一請求，並包含請求動作、請求的日期和時間、請求參數等資訊。 CloudTrail 日誌檔案並非依公有 API 呼叫追蹤記錄的堆疊排序，因此不會以任何特定順序出現。
以下範例顯示的是展示GetAdminAccount--> 動作的 CloudTrail 日誌項目。
{ "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "1234567890987654321231", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/Admin/SampleUser", "accountId": "123456789012", "accessKeyId": "1AFGDT647FHU83JHFI81H", "sessionContext": { "attributes": { "mfaAuthenticated": "false", "creationDate": "2018-04-14T02:51:50Z" }, "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "1234567890987654321231", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/Admin", "accountId": "123456789012", "userName": "Admin" } } }, "eventTime": "2018-04-14T03:12:35Z", "eventSource": "fms.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "GetAdminAccount", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "72.21.198.65", "userAgent": "console.amazonaws.com", "requestParameters": null, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "ae244f41-3f91-11e8-787b-dfaafef95fc1", "eventID": "5769af1e-14b1-4bd1-ba75-f023981d0a4a", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "2018-01-01", "recipientAccountId": "123456789012" }
