Considerations when using dynamic references Specifying dynamic references in stack templates SSM parameters SSM secure string parameters Secrets Manager secrets

Using dynamic references to specify template values

Dynamic references provide a compact, powerful way for you to specify external values that are stored and managed in other services, such as the Systems Manager Parameter Store, in your stack templates. When you use a dynamic reference, CloudFormation retrieves the value of the specified reference when necessary during stack and change set operations.

CloudFormation currently supports the following dynamic reference patterns:

ssm, for plaintext values stored in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store.
ssm-secure, for secure strings stored in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store.
secretsmanager, for entire secrets or specific secret values that are stored in AWS Secrets Manager.

Considerations when using dynamic references

Below are considerations you should take into account when using dynamic references:

Important

We strongly recommend against including dynamic references, or any sensitive data, in resource properties that are part of a resource's primary identifier.

When a dynamic reference parameter is included in a property that forms a primary resource identifier, CloudFormation may use the actual plaintext value in the primary resource identifier. This resource ID may appear in any derived outputs or destinations.

To determine which resource properties comprise a resource type's primary identifier, refer to the resource reference documentation for that resource. In the Return values section, the Ref function return value represents the resource properties that comprise the resource type's primary identifier.

You can include up to 60 dynamic references in a stack template.
For transforms, such as AWS::Include and AWS::Serverless, AWS CloudFormation doesn't resolve dynamic references before invoking any transforms. Rather, AWS CloudFormation passes the literal string of the dynamic reference to the transform. Dynamic references (including those inserted into the processed template as the result of a transform) are resolved when you execute the change set using the template.
Dynamic references for secure values, such as ssm-secure and secretsmanager, aren't currently supported in custom resources.

Note

Do not create a dynamic reference that has a backslash (\) as the final value. AWS CloudFormation cannot resolve those references, which results in a resource failure.

Specifying dynamic references in stack templates

Dynamic references adhere to the following pattern:

'{{resolve:service-name:reference-key}}' or '{{resolve:ssm:[a-zA-Z0-9_.\-/]+(:\d+)?}}'.

service-name

Specifies the service in which the value is stored and managed.

Required.

Currently, valid values include:

ssm: Systems Manager Parameter Store plaintext parameter.
ssm-secure: Systems Manager Parameter Store secure string parameter.

Note
Currently, SecureString parameters aren't supported by Systems Manager in the cn-north-1 and cn-northwest-1 regions.

For more information, see AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store in the AWS Systems Manager User Guide.
secretsmanager: AWS Secrets Manager secret.

reference-key

The reference key. Depending on the type of dynamic reference, the reference key may be comprised of multiple segments.

Required.

SSM parameters

Use the ssm dynamic reference to include values stored in the Systems Manager Parameter Store of type String or StringList in your templates.

Reference pattern

For SSM Parameters, the reference-key segment is composed of the parameter name and version number. Use the following pattern:

'{{resolve:ssm:parameter-name:version}}'

Your reference must adhere to the following regular expression pattern for parameter-name and version:

'{{resolve:ssm:[a-zA-Z0-9_.-/]+:\\d+}}'

parameter-name

The name of the parameter in the Systems Manager Parameter Store. The parameter name is case-sensitive.

Required.

version

An integer that specifies the version of the parameter to use. If you don't specify the exact version, CloudFormation uses the latest version of the parameter whenever you create or update the stack. For more information, see Working with parameter versions in the AWS Systems Manager User Guide

Optional.

Example

The following example uses an ssm dynamic reference to set the access control for an S3 bucket to a parameter value stored in Systems Manager Parameter Store. As specified, CloudFormation will use version 2 of the S3AccessControl parameter for stack and change set operations.

JSON


  "MyS3Bucket": {
    "Type": "AWS::S3::Bucket",
    "Properties": {
      "AccessControl": "{{resolve:ssm:S3AccessControl:2}}"
    }
  }

YAML


  MyS3Bucket:
    Type: 'AWS::S3::Bucket'
    Properties:
      AccessControl: '{{resolve:ssm:S3AccessControl:2}}'

To specify a parameter stored in the Systems Manager Parameter Store, you must have access to call GetParameters for the specified parameter. For more information, see Controlling access to Systems Manager parameters in the AWS Systems Manager User Guide.

Additional considerations to note when using the ssm dynamic reference pattern:

Currently, CloudFormation doesn't support cross-account SSM parameter access.
For custom resources, CloudFormation resolves ssm dynamic references prior to sending the request to the custom resource. For more information, see Custom resources.
CloudFormation doesn't support using parameter labels or public parameters in dynamic references.

A parameter label is a user-defined alias to help you manage different versions of a parameter. For more information, see Labeling parameters in the AWS Systems Manager User Guide.

A public parameter is a parameter provided by an AWS service for use with that service, and stored in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. For an example of public parameters, see Retrieving the Amazon ECS-optimized AMI metadata in the Amazon Elastic Container Service Developer Guide.
CloudFormation doesn't currently support drift detection on dynamic references. For ssm dynamic references where you haven't specified the parameter version, we recommend that, if you update the parameter version in SSM, you also perform a stack update operation on any stacks that include the ssm dynamic reference, in order to fetch the latest parameter version.
To verify which version of an the ssm dynamic reference will be used in a stack operation, create a change set for the stack operation. Then review the processed template on the Template tab.
SSM parameters without a version isn't supported in the Parameters block, use SSM parameter types instead. If you do use SSM parameters, you must specify a version of the Systems Manager parameter for AWS CloudFormation to use.

SSM secure string parameters

Use the ssm-secure dynamic reference pattern to specify AWS Systems Manager SecureString type parameters in your templates. For ssm-secure dynamic references, AWS CloudFormation never stores the actual parameter value. AWS CloudFormation accesses the parameter value during create and update operations for stacks and change sets. Currently, secure string parameters can only be used for resource properties that support the ssm-secure dynamic reference pattern.

A secure string parameter is any sensitive data that needs to be stored and referenced in a secure manner. That is, data that you don't want users to alter or reference in clear text, such as passwords or license keys. For more information on secure strings, see Use secure string parameters in the AWS Systems Manager User Guide.

Secure string parameters values aren't stored in CloudFormation, nor are they returned in any API call results.

Reference pattern

For ssm-secure dynamic references, the reference-key segment is composed of the parameter name and version number. Use the following pattern:

'{{resolve:ssm-secure:parameter-name:version}}'

Your reference must adhere to the following regular expression pattern for parameter-name and version:

'{{resolve:ssm-secure:[a-zA-Z0-9_.-/]+:\\d+}}'

parameter-name

The name of the parameter in the Systems Manager Parameter Store. The parameter name is case-sensitive.

Required.

version

An integer that specifies the version of the parameter to use. If you don't specify the exact version, AWS CloudFormation uses the latest version of the parameter whenever you create or update the stack. For more information, see Working with parameter versions in the AWS Systems Manager User Guide

Optional.

Example

The following example uses an ssm-secure dynamic reference to set the password for an IAM user to a secure string stored in Systems Manager Parameter Store. As specified, CloudFormation will use version 10 of the IAMUserPassword parameter for stack and change set operations.

JSON


  "MyIAMUser": {
    "Type": "AWS::IAM::User",
    "Properties": {
      "UserName": "MyUserName",
      "LoginProfile": {
        "Password": "{{resolve:ssm-secure:IAMUserPassword:10}}"
      }
    }
  }

YAML


  MyIAMUser:
    Type: AWS::IAM::User
    Properties:
      UserName: 'MyUserName'
      LoginProfile:
        Password: '{{resolve:ssm-secure:IAMUserPassword:10}}'

Additional considerations to note when using the ssm-secure dynamic reference pattern:

CloudFormation doesn't return the actual parameter value for secure strings in any API calls, but rather returns the literal dynamic reference.
CloudFormation does store the literal dynamic reference, which contains the plain text parameter name of the secure string.
For change sets, CloudFormation compares the literal dynamic reference string. It doesn't resolve and compare the actual values of ssm-secure references.
Dynamic references for secure values, such as ssm-secure and secretsmanager, aren't currently supported in custom resources.
In cases where CloudFormation must rollback a stack update, that update rollback operation will fail if the previously specified version of a secure string parameter is no longer available. In such cases, do one of the following:
- Use CONTINUE_UPDATE_ROLLBACK to skip the resource.
- Recreate the secure string parameter in the Systems Manager Parameter Store, and update it until the parameter version reaches the version used in the template. Then use CONTINUE_UPDATE_ROLLBACK without skipping the resource.
Currently, AWS CloudFormation doesn't support cross-account SSM parameter access.
CloudFormation doesn't support using parameter labels or public parameters in dynamic references.

A parameter label is a user-defined alias to help you manage different versions of a parameter. For more information, see Labeling parameters in the AWS Systems Manager User Guide.

A public parameter is a parameter provided by an AWS service for use with that service, and stored in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. For an example of public parameters, see Retrieving the Amazon ECS-optimized AMI metadata in the Amazon Elastic Container Service Developer Guide.

Resources that support dynamic parameter patterns for secure strings

Resources that support the ssm-secure dynamic reference pattern currently include:

Resource	Property type	Properties
AWS::DirectoryService::MicrosoftAD		`Password`
AWS::DirectoryService::SimpleAD		`Password`
AWS::ElastiCache::ReplicationGroup		`AuthToken`
AWS::IAM::User	LoginProfile	`Password`
AWS::KinesisFirehose::DeliveryStream	RedshiftDestinationConfiguration	`Password`
AWS::OpsWorks::App	Source	`Password`
AWS::OpsWorks::Stack	CustomCookbooksSource	`Password`
AWS::OpsWorks::Stack	RdsDbInstances	`DbPassword`
AWS::RDS::DBCluster		`MasterUserPassword`
AWS::RDS::DBInstance		`MasterUserPassword`
AWS::Redshift::Cluster		`MasterUserPassword`

Secrets Manager secrets

Use the secretsmanager dynamic reference to retrieve entire secrets or secret values that are stored in AWS Secrets Manager for use in your templates. Secrets can be database credentials, passwords, third-party API keys, and even arbitrary text. Using Secrets Manager, you can store and control access to these secrets centrally. Secrets Manager enables you to replace hardcoded credentials in your code (including passwords), with an API call to Secrets Manager to retrieve the secret programmatically. For more information, see What is AWS Secrets Manager? in the AWS Secrets Manager User Guide.

Important considerations when using dynamic parameters for Secrets Manager secrets

You should take the following important security considerations into account when using dynamic parameters to specify Secrets Manager secrets in your stack templates:

The secretsmanager dynamic reference can be used in all resource properties. Using the secretsmanager dynamic reference indicates that neither Secrets Manager nor CloudFormation logs should persist any resolved secret value. However, the secret value may show up in the service whose resource it's being used in. Review your usage to avoid leaking secret data.
Updating a secret in Secrets Manager doesn't automatically update the secret in CloudFormation. In order for CloudFormation to update a secretsmanager dynamic reference, you must perform a stack update that updates the resource containing the dynamic reference, either by updating the resource property that contains the secretsmanager dynamic reference, or updating another of the resource's properties.

For example, suppose in your template you specify the MasterPassword property of an AWS::RDS::DBInstance resource to be a secretsmanager dynamic reference, and then create a stack from the template. You later update that secret's value in Secret Manager, but don't update the AWS::RDS::DBInstance resource in your template. In this case, even if you perform a stack update, the secret value in the MasterPassword property isn't updated, and remains the previous secret value.

To manage updating the secret in your template, consider using version-id to specify the version of your secret. Then, when you update to the next version, update the version-id in your template and perform a stack update. For example, specifying the following segments would retrieve the password value for the version of the MySecret secret with the version ID of EXAMPLE1-90ab-cdef-fedc-ba987EXAMPLE:
```
  '{{resolve:secretsmanager:MySecret:SecretString:password:EXAMPLE1-90ab-cdef-fedc-ba987EXAMPLE}}'
```
Then, when you update the password value, you would need to update this segment with the new version-id and perform a stack update. For more examples of using version-id, see Examples.

Also, consider using Secrets Manager to automatically rotate the secret for a secured service or database. For more information, see Rotating your Secrets Manager secrets.
Dynamic references for secure values, such as secretsmanager, aren't currently supported in custom resources.

Permissions required

To specify a secret stored in Secrets Manager, you must have access to call GetSecretValue for the specified secret.

Reference pattern

For Secrets Manager secrets, the reference-key segment is composed of several segments, including the secret id, secret value key, version stage, and version id. Use the following pattern:

{{resolve:secretsmanager:secret-id:secret-string:json-key:version-stage:version-id}}

secret-id

The name or Amazon Resource Name (ARN) that serves as a unique identifier for the secret.

To access a secret in your AWS account, you need only specify the secret name. To access a secret in a different AWS account, specify the complete ARN of the secret.

Required.

secret-string

Currently, the only supported value is SecretString. The default is SecretString.

json-key

Specifies the key name of the key-value pair whose value you want to retrieve. If you don't specify a json-key, CloudFormation retrieves the entire secret text.

This segment may not include the colon character ( :).

version-stage

Specifies the secret version that you want to retrieve by the staging label attached to the version. Staging labels are used to keep track of different versions during the rotation process. If you use version-stage then don't specify version-id. If you don't specify either a version stage or a version ID, then the default is to retrieve the version with the version stage value of AWSCURRENT.

This segment may not include the colon character ( :).

version-id

Specifies the unique identifier of the version of the secret that you want to use in stack operations. If you specify version-id, then don't specify version-stage. If you don't specify either a version stage or a version ID, then the default is to retrieve the version with the version stage value of AWSCURRENT.

This segment may not include the colon character ( :).

Examples

The following example uses the secret-name and json-key segments to retrieve the user name and password values stored in the MyRDSSecret secret. By default, the secret version retrieved is the version with the version stage value of AWSCURRENT.

JSON


{
    "MyRDSInstance": {
        "Type": "AWS::RDS::DBInstance",
        "Properties": {
            "DBName": "MyRDSInstance",
            "AllocatedStorage": "20",
            "DBInstanceClass": "db.t2.micro",
            "Engine": "mysql",
            "MasterUsername": "{{resolve:secretsmanager:MyRDSSecret:SecretString:username}}",
            "MasterUserPassword": "{{resolve:secretsmanager:MyRDSSecret:SecretString:password}}"
        }
    }
}

YAML


  MyRDSInstance:
    Type: 'AWS::RDS::DBInstance'
    Properties:
      DBName: MyRDSInstance
      AllocatedStorage: '20'
      DBInstanceClass: db.t2.micro
      Engine: mysql
      MasterUsername: '{{resolve:secretsmanager:MyRDSSecret:SecretString:username}}'
      MasterUserPassword: '{{resolve:secretsmanager:MyRDSSecret:SecretString:password}}'

Specifying the following segments would retrieve the entire SecretString field for the version of the MySecret secret with the version stage value of AWSCURRENT.


  '{{resolve:secretsmanager:MySecret}}' or '{{resolve:secretsmanager:MySecret::::}}'

Specifying the following segments would retrieve the password value for the version of the MySecret SecretString with the version stage value of AWSCURRENT.


  '{{resolve:secretsmanager:MySecret:SecretString:password}}'

Specifying the following segments would retrieve the password value for the version of the MySecret secret with the version ID of EXAMPLE1-90ab-cdef-fedc-ba987EXAMPLE.


  '{{resolve:secretsmanager:MySecret:SecretString:password::EXAMPLE1-90ab-cdef-fedc-ba987EXAMPLE}}'

Specifying the following segments would retrieve the entire SecretString for the version of the MySecret secret with the version stage value of AWSCURRENT from another AWS account. Note that you must specify the complete secret ARN to access secrets in another AWS account.


  '{{resolve:secretsmanager:arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-west-2:123456789012:secret:MySecret-asd123}}'

Specifying the following segments would retrieve the password value for the version of the MySecret secret with the version stage value of AWSCURRENT from another AWS account. Note that you must specify the complete secret ARN to access secrets in another AWS account.


  '{{resolve:secretsmanager:arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-west-2:123456789012:secret:MySecret-asd123:SecretString:password}}'

Specifying the following segments would retrieve the password value for the version of the MySecret secret with the version stage value of AWSPENDING from another AWS account. Note that you must specify the complete secret ARN to access secrets in another AWS account.


  '{{resolve:secretsmanager:arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-west-2:123456789012:secret:MySecretName-asd123:SecretString:password:AWSPENDING}}'

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