CloudTrail userIdentity element
AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) provides different types of identities. The userIdentity
element contains details about the type of IAM identity that made the request, and which
credentials were used. If temporary credentials were used, the element shows how the
credentials were obtained.
Contents
Examples
userIdentity
with IAM user credentials
The following example shows the userIdentity
element of a simple request made with the credentials
of the IAM user named Alice
.
"userIdentity": { "type": "IAMUser", "principalId": "AIDAJ45Q7YFFAREXAMPLE", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/Alice", "accountId": "123456789012", "accessKeyId": "", "userName": "Alice" }
userIdentity
with temporary security credentials
The following example shows a userIdentity
element for a request made with
temporary security credentials obtained by assuming an IAM role. The element contains
additional details about the role that was assumed to get credentials.
"userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "AROAIDPPEZS35WEXAMPLE:AssumedRoleSessionName", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/RoleToBeAssumed/MySessionName", "accountId": "123456789012", "accessKeyId": "", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "AROAIDPPEZS35WEXAMPLE", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/RoleToBeAssumed", "accountId": "123456789012", "userName": "RoleToBeAssumed" }, "attributes": { "mfaAuthenticated": "false", "creationDate": "20131102T010628Z" ) } }
userIdentity
for a request made on behalf of an IAM Identity Center
user
The following example shows a userIdentity
element for a request made on behalf of an IAM Identity Center user.
"userIdentity": { "type": "IdentityCenterUser", "accountId": "123456789012", "onBehalfOf": { "userId": "544894e8-80c1-707f-60e3-3ba6510dfac1", "identityStoreArn": "arn:aws:identitystore::123456789012:identitystore/d-9067642ac7" }, "credentialId": "EXAMPLEVHULjJdTUdPJfofVa1sufHDoj7aYcOYcxFVllWR_Whr1fEXAMPLE" }
Fields
The following fields can appear in a userIdentity
element.
type
-
The type of the identity. The following values are possible:
-
Root
– The request was made with your AWS account credentials. If theuserIdentity
type isRoot
, and you set an alias for your account, theuserName
field contains your account alias. For more information, see Your AWS account ID and its alias. -
IAMUser
– The request was made with the credentials of an IAM user. -
AssumedRole
– The request was made with temporary security credentials that were obtained with a role by making a call to the AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS)AssumeRole
API. This can include roles for Amazon EC2 and cross-account API access. -
Role
– The request was made with a persistent IAM identity that has specific permissions. The issuer of the role sessions is always the role. For more information about roles, see Roles terms and concepts in the IAM User Guide. -
FederatedUser
– The request was made with temporary security credentials obtained from a call to the AWS STSGetFederationToken
API. ThesessionIssuer
element indicates if the API was called with root or IAM user credentials.For more information about temporary security credentials, see Temporary Security Credentials in the IAM User Guide.
-
Directory
– The request was made to a directory service, and the type is unknown. Directory services include the following: Amazon WorkDocs and Amazon QuickSight. -
AWSAccount
– The request was made by another AWS account -
AWSService
– The request was made by an AWS account that belongs to an AWS service. For example, AWS Elastic Beanstalk assumes an IAM role in your account to call other AWS services on your behalf. -
IdentityCenterUser
– The request was made on behalf of an IAM Identity Center user. -
Unknown
– The request was made with an identity type that CloudTrail can't determine.
Optional: False
AWSAccount
andAWSService
appear fortype
in your logs when there is cross-account access using an IAM role that you own.Example: Cross-account access initiated by another AWS account
-
You own an IAM role in your account.
-
Another AWS account switches to that role to assume the role for your account.
-
Because you own the IAM role, you receive a log that shows the other account assumed the role. The
type
isAWSAccount
. For an example log entry, see AWS STS API event in CloudTrail log file.
Example: Cross-account access initiated by an AWS service
-
You own an IAM role in your account.
-
An AWS account owned by an AWS service assumes that role.
-
Because you own the IAM role, you receive a log that shows the AWS service assumed the role. The
type
isAWSService
.
-
userName
-
The friendly name of the identity that made the call. The value that appears in
userName
is based on the value intype
. The following table shows the relationship betweentype
anduserName
:type
userName
Description Root
(no alias set)Not present If you haven't set up an alias for your AWS account, the userName
field doesn't appear. For more information about account aliases, see Your AWS account ID and its alias. Note that theuserName
field can't containRoot
, becauseRoot
is an identity type and not a user name.Root
(alias set)The account alias For more information about AWS account aliases, see Your AWS account ID and its alias. IAMUser
The user name of the IAM user AssumedRole
Not present For the AssumedRole
type, you can find theuserName
field insessionContext
as part of the sessionIssuer element. For an example entry, see Examples.Role
User-defined The sessionContext
andsessionIssuer
section contains information about the identity that issued the session for the role.FederatedUser
Not present The sessionContext
andsessionIssuer
section contains information about the identity that issued the session for the federated user.Directory
Can be present For example, the value can be the account alias or email address of the associated AWS account ID. AWSService
Not present AWSAccount
Not present IdentityCenterUser
Not present The onBehalfOf
section contains information about the IAM Identity Center user ID and identity store ARN for which the call was made. For more information about IAM Identity Center, see the AWS IAM Identity Center User Guide.Unknown
Can be present For example, the value can be the account alias or email address of the associated AWS account ID. Note
The
userName
field contains the stringHIDDEN_DUE_TO_SECURITY_REASONS
when the recorded event is a console sign-in failure caused by incorrect user name input. CloudTrail does not record the contents in this case because the text could contain sensitive information, as in the following examples:-
A user accidentally types a password in the user name field.
-
A user clicks the link for one AWS account's sign-in page, but then types the account number for a different one.
-
A user accidentally types the account name of a personal email account, a bank sign-in identifier, or some other private ID.
Optional: True
-
principalId
-
A unique identifier for the entity that made the call. For requests made with temporary security credentials, this value includes the session name that is passed to the
AssumeRole
,AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity
, orGetFederationToken
API call.Optional: True
arn
-
The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the principal that made the call. The last section of the arn contains the user or role that made the call.
Optional: True
accountId
-
The account that owns the entity that granted permissions for the request. If the request was made with temporary security credentials, this is the account that owns the IAM user or role used to obtain credentials.
If the request was made with an IAM Identity Center authorized access token, this is the account that owns the IAM Identity Center instance.
Optional: True
accessKeyId
-
The access key ID that was used to sign the request. If the request was made with temporary security credentials, this is the access key ID of the temporary credentials. For security reasons,
accessKeyId
might not be present, or might be displayed as an empty string.Optional: True
sessionContext
-
If the request was made with temporary security credentials,
sessionContext
provides information about the session created for those credentials. You create a session when you call any API that returns temporary credentials. Users also create sessions when they work in the console and make requests with APIs that include multi-factor authentication. The following attributes can appear insessionContext
:-
sessionIssuer
– If a user make a request with temporary security credentials,sessionIssuer
provides information about how the user obtained credentials. For example, if the they obtained temporary security credentials by assuming a role, this element provides information about the assumed role. If they obtained credentials with root or IAM user credentials to call AWS STSGetFederationToken
, the element provides information about the root account or IAM user. This element has the following attributes:-
type
– The source of the temporary security credentials, such asRoot
,IAMUser
, orRole
. -
userName
– The friendly name of the user or role that issued the session. The value that appears depends on thesessionIssuer
identitytype
. The following table shows the relationship betweensessionIssuer type
anduserName
:sessionIssuer
typeuserName
Description Root
(no alias set)Not present If you have not set up an alias for your account, the userName
field does not appear. For more information about AWS account aliases, see Your AWS account ID and its alias. Note that theuserName
field can't containRoot
, becauseRoot
is an identity type, not a user name.Root
(alias set)The account alias For more information about AWS account aliases, see Your AWS account ID and its alias. IAMUser
The user name of the IAM user This also applies when a federated user is using a session issued by IAMUser
.Role
The role name A role assumed by an IAM user, AWS service, or web identity federated user in a role session. -
principalId
– The internal ID of the entity used to get credentials. -
arn
– The ARN of the source (account, IAM user, or role) that was used to get temporary security credentials. -
accountId
– The account that owns the entity that was used to get credentials.
-
-
webIdFederationData
– If the request was made with temporary security credentials obtained by web identity federation,webIdFederationData
lists information about the identity provider.This element has the following attributes:
-
federatedProvider
– The principal name of the identity provider (for example,www.amazon.com
for Login with Amazon oraccounts.google.com
for Google). -
attributes
– The application ID and user ID as reported by the provider (for example,www.amazon.com:app_id
andwww.amazon.com:user_id
for Login with Amazon).
Note
The omission of this field or presence of this field with an empty value signifies that there is no information about the identity provider.
-
-
creationDate
– The date and time when the temporary security credentials were issued. Represented in ISO 8601 basic notation. -
mfaAuthenticated
– The value istrue
if the root user or IAM user who used their credentials for the request also authenticated with an MFA device; otherwise,false
. -
sourceIdentity
– See AWS STS source identity in this topic. ThesourceIdentity
field occurs in events when users assume an IAM role to perform an action.sourceIdentity
identifies the original user identity making the request, whether that user's identity is an IAM user, an IAM role, a user authenticated through SAML-based federation, or a user authenticated through OpenID Connect (OIDC)-compliant web identity federation. For more information about configuring AWS STS to collect source identity information, see Monitor and control actions taken with assumed roles in the IAM User Guide. -
ec2RoleDelivery
– The value is1.0
if the credentials were provided by Amazon EC2 Instance Metadata Service Version 1 (IMDSv1). The value is2.0
if the credentials were provided using the new IMDS scheme.AWS credentials provided by the Amazon EC2 Instance Metadata Service (IMDS) include an ec2:RoleDelivery IAM context key. This context key makes it easy to enforce use of the new scheme on a service-by-service or resource-by-resource basis by using the context key as a condition in IAM policies, resource policies, or AWS Organizations service control policies. For more information, see Instance metadata and user data in the Amazon EC2 User Guide.
Optional: True
-
invokedBy
-
The name of the AWS service that made the request, when a request is made by an AWS service such as Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling or AWS Elastic Beanstalk. This field is only present when a request is made by an AWS service. This includes requests made by services using forward access sessions (FAS), AWS service principals, service-linked roles, or service roles used by an AWS service.
Optional: True
onBehalfOf
-
If the request was made by an IAM Identity Center caller,
onBehalfOf
provides information about the IAM Identity Center user ID and identity store ARN for which the call was made. This element has the following attributes:-
userId
– The ID of the IAM Identity Center user who the call was made on behalf of. -
identityStoreArn
– The ARN of the IAM Identity Center identity store that the call was made on behalf of.
Optional: True
-
credentialId
-
The credential ID for the request. This is only set when the caller uses a bearer token, such as an IAM Identity Center authorized access token.
Optional: True
Values for AWS STS APIs with SAML and web identity federation
AWS CloudTrail supports logging AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) API calls made with Security Assertion Markup
Language (SAML) and web identity federation. When a user makes a call to the AssumeRoleWithSAML
and AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity
APIs, CloudTrail records the call and
delivers the event to your Amazon S3 bucket.
The userIdentity
element for these APIs contains the following values.
type
-
The identity type.
-
SAMLUser
– The request was made with SAML assertion. -
WebIdentityUser
– The request was made by a web identity federation provider.
-
principalId
-
A unique identifier for the entity that made the call.
-
For
SAMLUser
, this is a combination of thesaml:namequalifier
andsaml:sub
keys. -
For
WebIdentityUser
, this is a combination of the issuer, application ID, and user ID.
-
userName
-
The name of the identity that made the call.
-
For
SAMLUser
, this is thesaml:sub
key. -
For
WebIdentityUser
, this is the user ID.
-
identityProvider
-
The principal name of the external identity provider. This field appears only for
SAMLUser
orWebIdentityUser
types.-
For
SAMLUser
, this is thesaml:namequalifier
key for the SAML assertion. -
For
WebIdentityUser
, this is the issuer name of the web identity federation provider. This can be a provider that you configured, such as the following:-
cognito-identity.amazon.com
for Amazon Cognito -
www.amazon.com
for Login with Amazon -
accounts.google.com
for Google -
graph.facebook.com
for Facebook
-
-
The following is an example userIdentity
element for the
AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity
action.
"userIdentity": { "type": "WebIdentityUser", "principalId": "accounts.google.com:
application-id
.apps.googleusercontent.com:user-id
", "userName": "user-id
", "identityProvider": "accounts.google.com" }
For example logs of how the userIdentity
element appears for
SAMLUser
and WebIdentityUser
types, see
Logging IAM and AWS STS API calls with AWS CloudTrail.
AWS STS source identity
An IAM administrator can configure AWS Security Token Service to require that users specify their identity
when they use temporary credentials to assume roles. The sourceIdentity
field occurs in events when users assume an IAM role or perform any actions with the
assumed role.
The sourceIdentity
field identifies the original user identity making the
request, whether that user's identity is an IAM user, an IAM role, a user
authenticated by using SAML-based federation, or a user authenticated by using OpenID
Connect (OIDC)-compliant web identity federation. After the IAM administrator
configures AWS STS, CloudTrail logs sourceIdentity
information in the following
events and locations within the event record:
-
The AWS STS
AssumeRole
,AssumeRoleWithSAML
, orAssumeRoleWithWebIdentity
calls that a user identity makes when it assumes a role.sourceIdentity
is found in therequestParameters
block of the AWS STS calls. -
The AWS STS
AssumeRole
,AssumeRoleWithSAML
, orAssumeRoleWithWebIdentity
calls that a user identity makes if it uses a role to assume another role, known as role chaining.sourceIdentity
is found in therequestParameters
block of the AWS STS calls. -
The AWS service API calls that the user identity makes while assuming a role and using the temporary credentials assigned by AWS STS. In service API events,
sourceIdentity
is found in thesessionContext
block. For example, if a user identity creates a new S3 bucket,sourceIdentity
occurs in thesessionContext
block of theCreateBucket
event.
For more information about how to configure AWS STS to collect source identity information, see Monitor and control actions taken with assumed roles in the IAM User Guide. For more information about AWS STS events that are logged to CloudTrail, see Logging IAM and AWS STS API calls with AWS CloudTrail in the IAM User Guide.
The following are example snippets of events that show the sourceIdentity
field.
Example requestParameters
section
In the following example event snippet, a user makes an AWS STS AssumeRole
request, and sets a source identity, represented here by
. The user
assumes a role represented by the role ARN
source-identity-value-set
arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/Assumed_Role
. The
sourceIdentity
field is in the requestParameters
block of
the event.
"eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "AWSAccount", "principalId": "AIDAJ45Q7YFFAREXAMPLE", "accountId": "123456789012" }, "eventTime": "2020-04-02T18:20:53Z", "eventSource": "sts.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "AssumeRole", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "203.0.113.64", "userAgent": "aws-cli/1.16.96 Python/3.6.0 Windows/10 botocore/1.12.86", "requestParameters": { "roleArn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/Assumed_Role", "roleSessionName": "Test1", "sourceIdentity": "
source-identity-value-set
", },
Example responseElements
section
In the following example event snippet, a user makes an AWS STS AssumeRole
request to assume a role named Developer_Role
, and sets a source identity,
Admin
. The user assumes a role represented by the role ARN
arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/Developer_Role
. The
sourceIdentity
field is shown in both the
requestParameters
and responseElements
blocks of the
event. The temporary credentials used to assume the role, the session token string, and
the assumed role ID, session name, and session ARN are shown in the
responseElements
block, along with the source identity.
"requestParameters": { "roleArn": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/Developer_Role", "roleSessionName": "Session_Name", "sourceIdentity": "Admin" }, "responseElements": { "credentials": { "accessKeyId": "ASIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "expiration": "Jan 22, 2021 12:46:28 AM", "sessionToken": "XXYYaz... EXAMPLE_SESSION_TOKEN XXyYaZAz" }, "assumedRoleUser": { "assumedRoleId": "AROACKCEVSQ6C2EXAMPLE:Session_Name", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::111122223333:assumed-role/Developer_Role/Session_Name" }, "sourceIdentity": "Admin" } ...
Example sessionContext
section
In the following example event snippet, a user is assuming a role named
DevRole
to call an AWS service API. The user sets a source identity,
represented here by source-identity-value-set
. The
sourceIdentity
field is in the sessionContext
block,
within the userIdentity
block of the event.
{ "eventVersion": "1.08", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "AROAJ45Q7YFFAREXAMPLE: Dev1", "arn": "arn: aws: sts: : 123456789012: assumed-role/DevRole/Dev1", "accountId": "123456789012", "accessKeyId": "ASIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "AROAJ45Q7YFFAREXAMPLE", "arn": "arn: aws: iam: : 123456789012: role/DevRole", "accountId": "123456789012", "userName": "DevRole" }, "webIdFederationData": {}, "attributes": { "mfaAuthenticated": "false", "creationDate": "2021-02-21T23: 46: 28Z" }, "sourceIdentity": "
source-identity-value-set
" } } }