Supported applications and features

This topic provides information about the Hadoop high availability features of HDFS NameNode and YARN ResourceManager in an Amazon EMR cluster, and how the high availability features work with open source applications and other Amazon EMR features.

High availability HDFS

An EMR cluster with multiple master nodes enables the HDFS NameNode high availability feature in Hadoop. For more information, see HDFS high availability.

In an Amazon EMR cluster, two or more separate nodes are configured as NameNodes. One NameNode is in an active state and the others are in a standby state. If the node with active NameNode fails, Amazon EMR starts an automatic HDFS failover process. A node with standby NameNode becomes active and takes over all client operations in the cluster. Amazon EMR replaces the failed node with a new one, which then rejoins as a standby.

If you need to find out which NameNode is active, you can use SSH to connect to any master node in the cluster and run the following command:

hdfs haadmin -getAllServiceState

The output lists the nodes where NameNode is installed and their status. For example,

ip-##-#-#-##1.ec2.internal:8020 active
ip-##-#-#-##2.ec2.internal:8020 standby
ip-##-#-#-##3.ec2.internal:8020 standby

High availability YARN ResourceManager

An EMR cluster with multiple master nodes enables the YARN ResourceManager high availability feature in Hadoop. For more information, see ResourceManager high availability.

In an EMR cluster with multiple master nodes, YARN ResourceManager runs on all three master nodes. One ResourceManager is in active state, and the other two are in standby state. If the master node with active ResourceManager fails, Amazon EMR starts an automatic failover process. A master node with a standby ResourceManager takes over all operations. Amazon EMR replaces the failed master node with a new one, which then rejoins the ResourceManager quorum as a standby.

You can connect to "http://master-public-dns-name:8088/cluster" for any master node, which automatically directs you to the active resource manager. To find out which resource manager is active, use SSH to connect to any master node in the cluster. Then run the following command to get a list of the three master nodes and their status:

yarn rmadmin -getAllServiceState

Supported applications in an Amazon EMR Cluster with multiple master nodes

You can install and run the following applications on an EMR cluster with multiple master nodes. For each application, the master node failover process varies.

Application	Availability during master node failover	Notes
Flink	Availability not affected by master node failover	Flink jobs on Amazon EMR run as YARN applications. Flink's JobManagers run as YARN's ApplicationMasters on core nodes. The JobManager is not affected by the master node failover process. If you use Amazon EMR version 5.27.0 or earlier, the JobManager is a single point of failure. When the JobManager fails, it loses all job states and will not resume the running jobs. You can enable JobManager high availability by configuring application attempt count, checkpointing, and enabling ZooKeeper as state storage for Flink. For more information, see Configuring Flink on an Amazon EMR Cluster with multiple master nodes. Beginning with Amazon EMR version 5.28.0, no manual configuration is needed to enable JobManager high availability.
Ganglia	Availability not affected by master node failover	Ganglia is available on all master nodes, so Ganglia can continue to run during the master node failover process.
Hadoop	High availability	HDFS NameNode and YARN ResourceManager automatically fail over to the standby node when the active master node fails.
HBase	High availability	HBase automatically fails over to the standby node when the active master node fails. If you are connecting to HBase through a REST or Thrift server, you must switch to a different master node when the active master node fails.
HCatalog	Availability not affected by master node failover	HCatalog is built upon Hive metastore, which exists outside of the cluster. HCatalog remains available during the master node failover process.
JupyterHub	High availability	JupyterHub is installed on all three master instances. It is highly recommended to configure notebook persistence to prevent notebook loss upon master node failure. For more information, see Configuring persistence for notebooks in Amazon S3.
Livy	High availability	Livy is installed on all three master nodes. When the active master node fails, you lose access to the current Livy session and need to create a new Livy session on a different master node or on the new replacement node.
Mahout	Availability not affected by master node failover	Since Mahout has no daemon, it is not affected by the master node failover process.
MXNet	Availability not affected by master node failover	Since MXNet has no daemon, it is not affected by the master node failover process.
Phoenix	High Availability	Phoenix' QueryServer runs only on one of the three master nodes. Phoenix on all three masters is configured to connect the Phoenix QueryServer. You can find the private IP of Phoenix's Query server by using /etc/phoenix/conf/phoenix-env.sh file
Pig	Availability not affected by master node failover	Since Pig has no daemon, it is not affected by the master node failover process.
Spark	High availability	All Spark applications run in YARN containers and can react to master node failover in the same way as high availability YARN features.
Sqoop	High availability	By default, sqoop-job and sqoop-metastore store data(job descriptions) on local disk of master that runs the command, if you want to save metastore data on external Database, please refer to apache Sqoop documentation
Tez	High availability	Since Tez containers run on YARN, Tez behaves the same way as YARN during the master node failover process.
TensorFlow	Availability not affected by master node failover	Since TensorFlow has no daemon, it is not affected by the master node failover process.
Zeppelin	High availability	Zeppelin is installed on all three master nodes. Zeppelin stores notes and interpreter configurations in HDFS by default to prevent data loss. Interpreter sessions are completely isolated across all three master instances. Session data will be lost upon master failure. It is recommended to not modify the same note concurrently on different master instances.
ZooKeeper	High availability	ZooKeeper is the foundation of the HDFS automatic failover feature. ZooKeeper provides a highly available service for maintaining coordination data, notifying clients of changes in that data, and monitoring clients for failures. For more information, see HDFS automatic failover.

To run the following applications in an Amazon EMR cluster with multiple master nodes, you must configure an external database. The external database exists outside the cluster and makes data persistent during the master node failover process. For the following applications, the service components will automatically recover during the master node failover process, but active jobs may fail and need to be retried.

Application	Availability during master node failover	Notes
Hive	High availability for service components only	An external metastore for Hive is required. For more information, see Configuring an external metastore for Hive.
Hue	High availability for service components only	An external database for Hue is required. For more information, see Using Hue with a remote database in Amazon RDS.
Oozie	High availability for service components only	An external database for Oozie is required. For more information, see Using Oozie with a remote database in Amazon RDS. Oozie-server is installed on only one master node, while oozie-client is installed on all three master nodes. The oozie-clients are configured to connect to the correct oozie-server by default. You can find the private DNS name of the master node where oozie-server is installed by checking the variable OOZIE_URL on any master node in the file /etc/oozie/conf.dist/oozie-client-env.sh.
PrestoDB or PrestoSQL/Trino	High availability for service components only	An external Hive metastore for PrestoDB (PrestoSQL on Amazon EMR 6.1.0-6.3.0 or Trino on Amazon EMR 6.4.0 and later) is required. You can use Presto with the AWS Glue Data Catalog or use an external MySQL database for Hive. The Presto CLI is installed on all three master nodes so you can use it to access the Presto Coordinator from any of the master nodes. The Presto Coordinator is installed on only one master node. You can find the DNS name of the master node where the Presto Coordinator is installed by calling the Amazon EMR describe-cluster API and reading the returned value of the MasterPublicDnsName field in the response.

Note

When a master node fails, your Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) or Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) terminates its connection to the master node. You can connect to any of the remaining master nodes to continue your work because the Hive metastore daemon runs on all master nodes. Or you can wait for the failed master node to be replaced.

How Amazon EMR features work in a cluster with multiple master nodes

Connecting to master nodes using SSH

You can connect to any of the three master nodes in an Amazon EMR cluster using SSH in the same way you connect to a single master node. For more information, see Connect to the master node using SSH.

If a master node fails, your SSH connection to that master node ends. To continue your work, you can connect to one of the other two master nodes. Alternatively, you can access the new master node after Amazon EMR replaces the failed one with a new one.

Note

The private IP address for the replacement master node remains the same as the previous one. The public IP address for the replacement master node may change. You can retrieve the new IP addresses in the console or by using the describe-cluster command in the AWS CLI.

NameNode only runs on two of the master nodes. However, you can run hdfs CLI commands and operate jobs to access HDFS on all three master nodes.

Working with steps in an Amazon EMR Cluster with multiple master nodes

You can submit steps to an EMR cluster with multiple master nodes in the same way you work with steps in a cluster with a single master node. For more information, see Submit work to a cluster.

The following are considerations for working with steps in an EMR cluster with multiple master nodes:

• If a master node fails, the steps that are running on the master node are marked as FAILED. Any data that were written locally are lost. However, the status FAILED may not reflect the real state of the steps.

• If a running step has started a YARN application when the master node fails, the step can continue and succeed due to the automatic failover of the master node.

• It is recommended that you check the status of steps by referring to the output of the jobs. For example, MapReduce jobs use a _SUCCESS file to determine if the job completes successfully.

• It is recommended that you set ActionOnFailure parameter to CONTINUE, or CANCEL_AND_WAIT, instead of TERMINATE_JOB_FLOW, or TERMINATE_CLUSTER.

Automatic termination protection

Amazon EMR automatically enables termination protection for all clusters with multiple master nodes, and overrides any step execution settings that you supply when you create the cluster. You can disable termination protection after the cluster has been launched. See Configuring termination protection for running clusters. To shut down a cluster with multiple master nodes, you must first modify the cluster attributes to disable termination protection. For instructions, see Terminate an Amazon EMR Cluster with multiple master nodes.

For more information about termination protection, see Using termination protection.

Unsupported features in an Amazon EMR Cluster with multiple master nodes

The following Amazon EMR features are currently not available in an EMR cluster with multiple master nodes:

• EMR Notebooks

• Instance fleets

• One-click access to persistent Spark history server

• Persistent application user interfaces

Note

To use Kerberos authentication in your cluster, you must configure an external KDC.

Beginning with Amazon EMR version 5.27.0, you can configure HDFS Transparent encryption on an EMR cluster with multiple master nodes. For more information, see Transparent encryption in HDFS on Amazon EMR.