Setting up your environment for Amazon Aurora

Before you use Amazon Aurora for the first time, complete the following tasks.

If you already have an AWS account, know your Aurora requirements, and prefer to use the defaults for IAM and VPC security groups, skip ahead to Getting started with Amazon Aurora.

Sign up for an AWS account

If you do not have an AWS account, complete the following steps to create one.

To sign up for an AWS account

1. Open https://portal.aws.amazon.com/billing/signup.

2. Follow the online instructions.

   Part of the sign-up procedure involves receiving a phone call and entering a verification code on the phone keypad.

   When you sign up for an AWS account, an AWS account root user is created. The root user has access to all AWS services and resources in the account. As a security best practice, assign administrative access to a user, and use only the root user to perform tasks that require root user access.

AWS sends you a confirmation email after the sign-up process is complete. At any time, you can view your current account activity and manage your account by going to https://aws.amazon.com/ and choosing My Account.

Create a user with administrative access

After you sign up for an AWS account, secure your AWS account root user, enable AWS IAM Identity Center, and create an administrative user so that you don't use the root user for everyday tasks.

Secure your AWS account root user

1. Sign in to the AWS Management Console as the account owner by choosing Root user and entering your AWS account email address. On the next page, enter your password.

   For help signing in by using root user, see Signing in as the root user in the AWS Sign-In User Guide.

2. Turn on multi-factor authentication (MFA) for your root user.

   For instructions, see Enable a virtual MFA device for your AWS account root user (console) in the IAM User Guide.

Create a user with administrative access

1. Enable IAM Identity Center.

   For instructions, see Enabling AWS IAM Identity Center in the AWS IAM Identity Center User Guide.

2. In IAM Identity Center, grant administrative access to a user.

   For a tutorial about using the IAM Identity Center directory as your identity source, see Configure user access with the default IAM Identity Center directory in the AWS IAM Identity Center User Guide.

Sign in as the user with administrative access

• To sign in with your IAM Identity Center user, use the sign-in URL that was sent to your email address when you created the IAM Identity Center user.

  For help signing in using an IAM Identity Center user, see Signing in to the AWS access portal in the AWS Sign-In User Guide.

Assign access to additional users

1. In IAM Identity Center, create a permission set that follows the best practice of applying least-privilege permissions.

   For instructions, see Create a permission set in the AWS IAM Identity Center User Guide.

2. Assign users to a group, and then assign single sign-on access to the group.

   For instructions, see Add groups in the AWS IAM Identity Center User Guide.

Grant programmatic access

Users need programmatic access if they want to interact with AWS outside of the AWS Management Console. The way to grant programmatic access depends on the type of user that's accessing AWS.

To grant users programmatic access, choose one of the following options.

Which user needs programmatic access?	To	By
Workforce identity (Users managed in IAM Identity Center)	Use temporary credentials to sign programmatic requests to the AWS CLI, AWS SDKs, or AWS APIs.	Following the instructions for the interface that you want to use. For the AWS CLI, see Configuring the AWS CLI to use AWS IAM Identity Center in the AWS Command Line Interface User Guide. For AWS SDKs, tools, and AWS APIs, see IAM Identity Center authentication in the AWS SDKs and Tools Reference Guide.
IAM	Use temporary credentials to sign programmatic requests to the AWS CLI, AWS SDKs, or AWS APIs.	Following the instructions in Using temporary credentials with AWS resources in the IAM User Guide.
IAM	(Not recommended) Use long-term credentials to sign programmatic requests to the AWS CLI, AWS SDKs, or AWS APIs.	Following the instructions for the interface that you want to use. For the AWS CLI, see Authenticating using IAM user credentials in the AWS Command Line Interface User Guide. For AWS SDKs and tools, see Authenticate using long-term credentials in the AWS SDKs and Tools Reference Guide. For AWS APIs, see Managing access keys for IAM users in the IAM User Guide.

Determine requirements

The basic building block of Aurora is the DB cluster. One or more DB instances can belong to a DB cluster. A DB cluster provides a network address called the cluster endpoint. Your applications connect to the cluster endpoint exposed by the DB cluster whenever they need to access the databases created in that DB cluster. The information you specify when you create the DB cluster controls configuration elements such as memory, database engine and version, network configuration, security, and maintenance periods.

Before you create a DB cluster and a security group, you must know your DB cluster and network needs. Here are some important things to consider:

• Resource requirements – What are the memory and processor requirements for your application or service? You will use these settings when you determine what DB instance class you will use when you create your DB cluster. For specifications about DB instance classes, see Aurora DB instance classes.

• VPC, subnet, and security group – Your DB cluster will be in a virtual private cloud (VPC). Security group rules must be configured to connect to a DB cluster. The following list describes the rules for each VPC option:

  • Default VPC — If your AWS account has a default VPC in the AWS Region, that VPC is configured to support DB clusters. If you specify the default VPC when you create the DB cluster:

    • Make sure to create a VPC security group that authorizes connections from the application or service to the Aurora DB cluster. Use the Security Group option on the VPC console or the AWS CLI to create VPC security groups. For information, see Step 3: Create a VPC security group.

    • You must specify the default DB subnet group. If this is the first DB cluster you have created in the AWS Region, Amazon RDS will create the default DB subnet group when it creates the DB cluster.

  • User-defined VPC — If you want to specify a user-defined VPC when you create a DB cluster:

    • Make sure to create a VPC security group that authorizes connections from the application or service to the Aurora DB cluster. Use the Security Group option on the VPC console or the AWS CLI to create VPC security groups. For information, see Step 3: Create a VPC security group.

    • The VPC must meet certain requirements in order to host DB clusters, such as having at least two subnets, each in a separate availability zone. For information, see Amazon VPC and Amazon Aurora.

    • You must specify a DB subnet group that defines which subnets in that VPC can be used by the DB cluster. For information, see the DB Subnet Group section in Working with a DB cluster in a VPC.

• High availability: Do you need failover support? On Aurora, a Multi-AZ deployment creates a primary instance and Aurora Replicas. You can configure the primary instance and Aurora Replicas to be in different Availability Zones for failover support. We recommend Multi-AZ deployments for production workloads to maintain high availability. For development and test purposes, you can use a non-Multi-AZ deployment. For more information, see High availability for Amazon Aurora.

• IAM policies: Does your AWS account have policies that grant the permissions needed to perform Amazon RDS operations? If you are connecting to AWS using IAM credentials, your IAM account must have IAM policies that grant the permissions required to perform Amazon RDS operations. For more information, see Identity and access management for Amazon Aurora.

• Open ports: What TCP/IP port will your database be listening on? The firewall at some companies might block connections to the default port for your database engine. If your company firewall blocks the default port, choose another port for the new DB cluster. Note that once you create a DB cluster that listens on a port you specify, you can change the port by modifying the DB cluster.

• AWS Region: What AWS Region do you want your database in? Having the database close in proximity to the application or web service could reduce network latency. For more information, see Regions and Availability Zones.

Once you have the information you need to create the security group and the DB cluster, continue to the next step.

Provide access to the DB cluster in the VPC by creating a security group

Your DB cluster will be created in a VPC. Security groups provide access to the DB cluster in the VPC. They act as a firewall for the associated DB cluster, controlling both inbound and outbound traffic at the cluster level. DB clusters are created by default with a firewall and a default security group that prevents access to the DB cluster. You must therefore add rules to a security group that enable you to connect to your DB cluster. Use the network and configuration information you determined in the previous step to create rules to allow access to your DB cluster.

For example, if you have an application that will access a database on your DB cluster in a VPC, you must add a custom TCP rule that specifies the port range and IP addresses that application will use to access the database. If you have an application on an Amazon EC2 instance, you can use the VPC security group you set up for the Amazon EC2 instance.

You can configure connectivity between an Amazon EC2 instance a DB cluster when you create the DB cluster. For more information, see Configure automatic network connectivity with an EC2 instance.

Tip

You can set up network connectivity between an Amazon EC2 instance and a DB cluster automatically when you create the DB cluster. For more information, see Configure automatic network connectivity with an EC2 instance.

For more information about creating a VPC for use with Aurora, see Tutorial: Create a VPC for use with a DB cluster (IPv4 only). For information about common scenarios for accessing a DB instance, see Scenarios for accessing a DB cluster in a VPC.

To create a VPC security group

1. Sign in to the AWS Management Console and open the Amazon VPC console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/vpc.

   Note

   Make sure you are in the VPC console, not the RDS console.

2. In the top right corner of the AWS Management Console, choose the AWS Region where you want to create your VPC security group and DB cluster. In the list of Amazon VPC resources for that AWS Region, you should see at least one VPC and several subnets. If you don't, you don't have a default VPC in that AWS Region.

3. In the navigation pane, choose Security Groups.

4. Choose Create security group.

   The Create security group page appears.

5. In Basic details, enter the Security group name and Description. For VPC, choose the VPC that you want to create your DB cluster in.

6. In Inbound rules, choose Add rule.

   1. For Type, choose Custom TCP.

   2. For Port range, enter the port value to use for your DB cluster.

   3. For Source, choose a security group name or type the IP address range (CIDR value) from where you access the DB cluster. If you choose My IP, this allows access to the DB cluster from the IP address detected in your browser.

7. If you need to add more IP addresses or different port ranges, choose Add rule and enter the information for the rule.

8. (Optional) In Outbound rules, add rules for outbound traffic. By default, all outbound traffic is allowed.

9. Choose Create security group.

You can use the VPC security group you just created as the security group for your DB cluster when you create it.

Note

If you use a default VPC, a default subnet group spanning all of the VPC's subnets is created for you. When you create a DB cluster, you can select the default VPC and use default for DB Subnet Group.

Once you have completed the setup requirements, you can create a DB cluster using your requirements and security group by following the instructions in Creating an Amazon Aurora DB cluster. For information about getting started by creating a DB cluster that uses a specific DB engine, see Getting started with Amazon Aurora.