Operational Best Practices for PCI DSS 3.2.1

Conformance packs provide a general-purpose compliance framework designed to enable you to create security, operational or cost-optimization governance checks using managed or custom AWS Config rules and AWS Config remediation actions. Conformance Packs, as sample templates, are not designed to fully ensure compliance with a specific governance or compliance standard. You are responsible for making your own assessment of whether your use of the Services meets applicable legal and regulatory requirements.

The following provides a sample mapping between the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) 3.2.1 and AWS managed Config rules. Each AWS Config rule applies to a specific AWS resource, and relates to one or more PCI DSS controls. A PCI DSS control can be related to multiple Config rules. Refer to the table below for more detail and guidance related to these mappings.

Control ID	Control Description	AWS Config Rule	Guidance
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	alb-desync-mode-check	To assist in protecting applications for HTTP Desync vulnerabilities, ensure HTTP Desync mitigation mode is enabled on your application load balancers. HTTP Desync issues can lead to request smuggling and make your applications vulnerable to request queue or cache poisoning. Desync mitigation modes are monitor, defensive, and strictest. Defensive is the default mode.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	alb-http-drop-invalid-header-enabled	Ensure that your Elastic Load Balancers (ELB) are configured to drop http headers. Because sensitive data can exist, enable encryption in transit to help protect that data.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	restricted-ssh	Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Security Groups can help manage network access by providing stateful filtering of ingress and egress network traffic to AWS resources. Not allowing ingress (or remote) traffic from 0.0.0.0/0 to port 22 on your resources help you restricting remote access.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	autoscaling-launch-config-public-ip-disabled	If you configure your Network Interfaces with a public IP address, then the associated resources to those Network Interfaces are reachable from the internet. EC2 resources should not be publicly accessible, as this may allow unintended access to your applications or servers.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	dms-replication-not-public	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring DMS replication instances cannot be publicly accessed. DMS replication instances can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	ebs-snapshot-public-restorable-check	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring EBS snapshots are not publicly restorable. EBS volume snapshots can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	ec2-instance-no-public-ip	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances cannot be publicly accessed. Amazon EC2 instances can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	elasticsearch-in-vpc-only	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon OpenSearch Service (OpenSearch Service) Domains are within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). An OpenSearch Service domain within an Amazon VPC enables secure communication between OpenSearch Service and other services within the Amazon VPC without the need for an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	emr-master-no-public-ip	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon EMR cluster master nodes cannot be publicly accessed. Amazon EMR cluster master nodes can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	ec2-instances-in-vpc	Deploy Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) to enable secure communication between an instance and other services within the amazon VPC, without requiring an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection. All traffic remains securely within the AWS Cloud. Because of their logical isolation, domains that reside within an Amazon VPC have an extra layer of security when compared to domains that use public endpoints. Assign Amazon EC2 instances to an Amazon VPC to properly manage access.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	lambda-function-public-access-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring AWS Lambda functions cannot be publicly accessed. Public access can potentially lead to degradation of availability of resources.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	lambda-inside-vpc	Deploy AWS Lambda functions within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) for a secure communication between a function and other services within the Amazon VPC. With this configuration, there is no requirement for an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection. All the traffic remains securely within the AWS Cloud. Because of their logical isolation, domains that reside within an Amazon VPC have an extra layer of security when compared to domains that use public endpoints. To properly manage access, AWS Lambda functions should be assigned to a VPC.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	netfw-stateless-rule-group-not-empty	An AWS Network Firewall rule group contains rules that define how your firewall processes traffic in your VPC. An empty stateless rule group when present in a firewall policy does not process traffic.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	no-unrestricted-route-to-igw	Ensure Amazon EC2 route tables do not have unrestricted routes to an internet gateway. Removing or limiting the access to the internet for workloads within Amazon VPCs can reduce unintended access within your environment.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	opensearch-in-vpc-only	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon OpenSearch Service domains are within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). An Amazon OpenSearch Service domain within an Amazon VPC enables secure communication between Amazon OpenSearch Service and other services within the Amazon VPC without the need for an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	rds-instance-public-access-check	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) instances are not public. Amazon RDS database instances can contain sensitive information, and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	rds-snapshots-public-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) instances are not public. Amazon RDS database instances can contain sensitive information and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	redshift-cluster-public-access-check	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Redshift clusters are not public. Amazon Redshift clusters can contain sensitive information and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	restricted-common-ports	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring common ports are restricted on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) security groups. Not restricting access to ports to trusted sources can lead to attacks against the availability, integrity and confidentiality of systems. This rule allows you to optionally set blockedPort1 - blockedPort5 parameters (Config Defaults: 20,21,3389,3306,4333). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	s3-account-level-public-access-blocks-periodic	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets cannot be publicly accessed. This rule helps keeping sensitive data safe from unauthorized remote users by preventing public access. This rule allows you to optionally set the ignorePublicAcls (Config Default: True), blockPublicPolicy (Config Default: True), blockPublicAcls (Config Default: True), and restrictPublicBuckets parameters (Config Default: True). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	s3-bucket-level-public-access-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets cannot be publicly accessed. This rule helps keeping sensitive data safe from unauthorized remote users by preventing public access at the bucket level.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	s3-bucket-public-read-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by only allowing authorized users, processes, and devices access to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. The management of access should be consistent with the classification of the data.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	s3-bucket-public-write-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by only allowing authorized users, processes, and devices access to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. The management of access should be consistent with the classification of the data.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	sagemaker-notebook-no-direct-internet-access	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon SageMaker notebooks do not allow direct internet access. By preventing direct internet access, you can keep sensitive data from being accessed by unauthorized users.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	ssm-document-not-public	Ensure AWS Systems Manager (SSM) documents are not public, as this may allow unintended access to your SSM documents. A public SSM document can expose information about your account, resources and internal processes.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	subnet-auto-assign-public-ip-disabled	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) subnets are not automatically assigned a public IP address. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances that are launched into subnets that have this attribute enabled have a public IP address assigned to their primary network interface.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	vpc-default-security-group-closed	Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) security groups can help in the management of network access by providing stateful filtering of ingress and egress network traffic to AWS resources. Restricting all the traffic on the default security group helps in restricting remote access to your AWS resources.
1.2.1	Restrict inbound and outbound traffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment, and specifically deny all other traffic.	vpc-sg-open-only-to-authorized-ports	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring common ports are restricted on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Security Groups. Not restricting access on ports to trusted sources can lead to attacks against the availability, integrity and confidentiality of systems. By restricting access to resources within a security group from the internet (0.0.0.0/0) remote access can be controlled to internal systems.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	alb-desync-mode-check	To assist in protecting applications for HTTP Desync vulnerabilities, ensure HTTP Desync mitigation mode is enabled on your application load balancers. HTTP Desync issues can lead to request smuggling and make your applications vulnerable to request queue or cache poisoning. Desync mitigation modes are monitor, defensive, and strictest. Defensive is the default mode.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	alb-http-drop-invalid-header-enabled	Ensure that your Elastic Load Balancers (ELB) are configured to drop http headers. Because sensitive data can exist, enable encryption in transit to help protect that data.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	restricted-ssh	Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Security Groups can help manage network access by providing stateful filtering of ingress and egress network traffic to AWS resources. Not allowing ingress (or remote) traffic from 0.0.0.0/0 to port 22 on your resources help you restricting remote access.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	autoscaling-launch-config-public-ip-disabled	If you configure your Network Interfaces with a public IP address, then the associated resources to those Network Interfaces are reachable from the internet. EC2 resources should not be publicly accessible, as this may allow unintended access to your applications or servers.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	dms-replication-not-public	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring DMS replication instances cannot be publicly accessed. DMS replication instances can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	ebs-snapshot-public-restorable-check	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring EBS snapshots are not publicly restorable. EBS volume snapshots can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	ec2-instance-no-public-ip	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances cannot be publicly accessed. Amazon EC2 instances can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	elasticsearch-in-vpc-only	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon OpenSearch Service (OpenSearch Service) Domains are within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). An OpenSearch Service domain within an Amazon VPC enables secure communication between OpenSearch Service and other services within the Amazon VPC without the need for an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	emr-master-no-public-ip	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon EMR cluster master nodes cannot be publicly accessed. Amazon EMR cluster master nodes can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	ec2-instances-in-vpc	Deploy Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) to enable secure communication between an instance and other services within the amazon VPC, without requiring an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection. All traffic remains securely within the AWS Cloud. Because of their logical isolation, domains that reside within an Amazon VPC have an extra layer of security when compared to domains that use public endpoints. Assign Amazon EC2 instances to an Amazon VPC to properly manage access.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	lambda-function-public-access-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring AWS Lambda functions cannot be publicly accessed. Public access can potentially lead to degradation of availability of resources.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	lambda-inside-vpc	Deploy AWS Lambda functions within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) for a secure communication between a function and other services within the Amazon VPC. With this configuration, there is no requirement for an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection. All the traffic remains securely within the AWS Cloud. Because of their logical isolation, domains that reside within an Amazon VPC have an extra layer of security when compared to domains that use public endpoints. To properly manage access, AWS Lambda functions should be assigned to a VPC.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	netfw-stateless-rule-group-not-empty	An AWS Network Firewall rule group contains rules that define how your firewall processes traffic in your VPC. An empty stateless rule group when present in a firewall policy does not process traffic.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	no-unrestricted-route-to-igw	Ensure Amazon EC2 route tables do not have unrestricted routes to an internet gateway. Removing or limiting the access to the internet for workloads within Amazon VPCs can reduce unintended access within your environment.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	opensearch-in-vpc-only	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon OpenSearch Service domains are within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). An Amazon OpenSearch Service domain within an Amazon VPC enables secure communication between Amazon OpenSearch Service and other services within the Amazon VPC without the need for an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	rds-instance-public-access-check	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) instances are not public. Amazon RDS database instances can contain sensitive information, and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	rds-snapshots-public-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) instances are not public. Amazon RDS database instances can contain sensitive information and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	redshift-cluster-public-access-check	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Redshift clusters are not public. Amazon Redshift clusters can contain sensitive information and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	restricted-common-ports	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring common ports are restricted on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) security groups. Not restricting access to ports to trusted sources can lead to attacks against the availability, integrity and confidentiality of systems. This rule allows you to optionally set blockedPort1 - blockedPort5 parameters (Config Defaults: 20,21,3389,3306,4333). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	s3-account-level-public-access-blocks-periodic	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets cannot be publicly accessed. This rule helps keeping sensitive data safe from unauthorized remote users by preventing public access. This rule allows you to optionally set the ignorePublicAcls (Config Default: True), blockPublicPolicy (Config Default: True), blockPublicAcls (Config Default: True), and restrictPublicBuckets parameters (Config Default: True). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	s3-bucket-level-public-access-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets cannot be publicly accessed. This rule helps keeping sensitive data safe from unauthorized remote users by preventing public access at the bucket level.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	s3-bucket-public-read-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by only allowing authorized users, processes, and devices access to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. The management of access should be consistent with the classification of the data.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	s3-bucket-public-write-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by only allowing authorized users, processes, and devices access to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. The management of access should be consistent with the classification of the data.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	sagemaker-notebook-no-direct-internet-access	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon SageMaker notebooks do not allow direct internet access. By preventing direct internet access, you can keep sensitive data from being accessed by unauthorized users.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	ssm-document-not-public	Ensure AWS Systems Manager (SSM) documents are not public, as this may allow unintended access to your SSM documents. A public SSM document can expose information about your account, resources and internal processes.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	subnet-auto-assign-public-ip-disabled	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) subnets are not automatically assigned a public IP address. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances that are launched into subnets that have this attribute enabled have a public IP address assigned to their primary network interface.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	vpc-default-security-group-closed	Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) security groups can help in the management of network access by providing stateful filtering of ingress and egress network traffic to AWS resources. Restricting all the traffic on the default security group helps in restricting remote access to your AWS resources.
1.3	Prohibit direct public access between the Internet and any system component in the cardholder data environment.	vpc-sg-open-only-to-authorized-ports	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring common ports are restricted on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Security Groups. Not restricting access on ports to trusted sources can lead to attacks against the availability, integrity and confidentiality of systems. By restricting access to resources within a security group from the internet (0.0.0.0/0) remote access can be controlled to internal systems.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	alb-desync-mode-check	To assist in protecting applications for HTTP Desync vulnerabilities, ensure HTTP Desync mitigation mode is enabled on your application load balancers. HTTP Desync issues can lead to request smuggling and make your applications vulnerable to request queue or cache poisoning. Desync mitigation modes are monitor, defensive, and strictest. Defensive is the default mode.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	alb-http-drop-invalid-header-enabled	Ensure that your Elastic Load Balancers (ELB) are configured to drop http headers. Because sensitive data can exist, enable encryption in transit to help protect that data.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	restricted-ssh	Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Security Groups can help manage network access by providing stateful filtering of ingress and egress network traffic to AWS resources. Not allowing ingress (or remote) traffic from 0.0.0.0/0 to port 22 on your resources help you restricting remote access.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	autoscaling-launch-config-public-ip-disabled	If you configure your Network Interfaces with a public IP address, then the associated resources to those Network Interfaces are reachable from the internet. EC2 resources should not be publicly accessible, as this may allow unintended access to your applications or servers.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	dms-replication-not-public	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring DMS replication instances cannot be publicly accessed. DMS replication instances can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	ebs-snapshot-public-restorable-check	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring EBS snapshots are not publicly restorable. EBS volume snapshots can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	ec2-instance-no-public-ip	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances cannot be publicly accessed. Amazon EC2 instances can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	elasticsearch-in-vpc-only	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon OpenSearch Service (OpenSearch Service) Domains are within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). An OpenSearch Service domain within an Amazon VPC enables secure communication between OpenSearch Service and other services within the Amazon VPC without the need for an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	emr-master-no-public-ip	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon EMR cluster master nodes cannot be publicly accessed. Amazon EMR cluster master nodes can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	ec2-instances-in-vpc	Deploy Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) to enable secure communication between an instance and other services within the amazon VPC, without requiring an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection. All traffic remains securely within the AWS Cloud. Because of their logical isolation, domains that reside within an Amazon VPC have an extra layer of security when compared to domains that use public endpoints. Assign Amazon EC2 instances to an Amazon VPC to properly manage access.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	lambda-function-public-access-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring AWS Lambda functions cannot be publicly accessed. Public access can potentially lead to degradation of availability of resources.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	lambda-inside-vpc	Deploy AWS Lambda functions within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) for a secure communication between a function and other services within the Amazon VPC. With this configuration, there is no requirement for an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection. All the traffic remains securely within the AWS Cloud. Because of their logical isolation, domains that reside within an Amazon VPC have an extra layer of security when compared to domains that use public endpoints. To properly manage access, AWS Lambda functions should be assigned to a VPC.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	netfw-stateless-rule-group-not-empty	An AWS Network Firewall rule group contains rules that define how your firewall processes traffic in your VPC. An empty stateless rule group when present in a firewall policy does not process traffic.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	opensearch-in-vpc-only	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon OpenSearch Service domains are within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). An Amazon OpenSearch Service domain within an Amazon VPC enables secure communication between Amazon OpenSearch Service and other services within the Amazon VPC without the need for an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	rds-instance-public-access-check	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) instances are not public. Amazon RDS database instances can contain sensitive information, and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	rds-snapshots-public-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) instances are not public. Amazon RDS database instances can contain sensitive information and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	redshift-cluster-public-access-check	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Redshift clusters are not public. Amazon Redshift clusters can contain sensitive information and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	restricted-common-ports	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring common ports are restricted on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) security groups. Not restricting access to ports to trusted sources can lead to attacks against the availability, integrity and confidentiality of systems. This rule allows you to optionally set blockedPort1 - blockedPort5 parameters (Config Defaults: 20,21,3389,3306,4333). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	s3-account-level-public-access-blocks-periodic	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets cannot be publicly accessed. This rule helps keeping sensitive data safe from unauthorized remote users by preventing public access. This rule allows you to optionally set the ignorePublicAcls (Config Default: True), blockPublicPolicy (Config Default: True), blockPublicAcls (Config Default: True), and restrictPublicBuckets parameters (Config Default: True). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	s3-bucket-level-public-access-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets cannot be publicly accessed. This rule helps keeping sensitive data safe from unauthorized remote users by preventing public access at the bucket level.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	s3-bucket-public-read-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by only allowing authorized users, processes, and devices access to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. The management of access should be consistent with the classification of the data.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	s3-bucket-public-write-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by only allowing authorized users, processes, and devices access to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. The management of access should be consistent with the classification of the data.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	sagemaker-notebook-no-direct-internet-access	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon SageMaker notebooks do not allow direct internet access. By preventing direct internet access, you can keep sensitive data from being accessed by unauthorized users.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	ssm-document-not-public	Ensure AWS Systems Manager (SSM) documents are not public, as this may allow unintended access to your SSM documents. A public SSM document can expose information about your account, resources and internal processes.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	subnet-auto-assign-public-ip-disabled	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) subnets are not automatically assigned a public IP address. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances that are launched into subnets that have this attribute enabled have a public IP address assigned to their primary network interface.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	vpc-default-security-group-closed	Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) security groups can help in the management of network access by providing stateful filtering of ingress and egress network traffic to AWS resources. Restricting all the traffic on the default security group helps in restricting remote access to your AWS resources.
1.3.1	Implement a DMZ to limit inbound traffic to only system components that provide authorized publicly accessible services, protocols, and ports.	vpc-sg-open-only-to-authorized-ports	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring common ports are restricted on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Security Groups. Not restricting access on ports to trusted sources can lead to attacks against the availability, integrity and confidentiality of systems. By restricting access to resources within a security group from the internet (0.0.0.0/0) remote access can be controlled to internal systems.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	alb-desync-mode-check	To assist in protecting applications for HTTP Desync vulnerabilities, ensure HTTP Desync mitigation mode is enabled on your application load balancers. HTTP Desync issues can lead to request smuggling and make your applications vulnerable to request queue or cache poisoning. Desync mitigation modes are monitor, defensive, and strictest. Defensive is the default mode.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	alb-http-drop-invalid-header-enabled	Ensure that your Elastic Load Balancers (ELB) are configured to drop http headers. Because sensitive data can exist, enable encryption in transit to help protect that data.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	restricted-ssh	Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Security Groups can help manage network access by providing stateful filtering of ingress and egress network traffic to AWS resources. Not allowing ingress (or remote) traffic from 0.0.0.0/0 to port 22 on your resources help you restricting remote access.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	autoscaling-launch-config-public-ip-disabled	If you configure your Network Interfaces with a public IP address, then the associated resources to those Network Interfaces are reachable from the internet. EC2 resources should not be publicly accessible, as this may allow unintended access to your applications or servers.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	dms-replication-not-public	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring DMS replication instances cannot be publicly accessed. DMS replication instances can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	ebs-snapshot-public-restorable-check	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring EBS snapshots are not publicly restorable. EBS volume snapshots can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	ec2-instance-no-public-ip	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances cannot be publicly accessed. Amazon EC2 instances can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	elasticsearch-in-vpc-only	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon OpenSearch Service (OpenSearch Service) Domains are within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). An OpenSearch Service domain within an Amazon VPC enables secure communication between OpenSearch Service and other services within the Amazon VPC without the need for an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	emr-master-no-public-ip	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon EMR cluster master nodes cannot be publicly accessed. Amazon EMR cluster master nodes can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	ec2-instances-in-vpc	Deploy Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) to enable secure communication between an instance and other services within the amazon VPC, without requiring an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection. All traffic remains securely within the AWS Cloud. Because of their logical isolation, domains that reside within an Amazon VPC have an extra layer of security when compared to domains that use public endpoints. Assign Amazon EC2 instances to an Amazon VPC to properly manage access.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	lambda-function-public-access-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring AWS Lambda functions cannot be publicly accessed. Public access can potentially lead to degradation of availability of resources.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	lambda-inside-vpc	Deploy AWS Lambda functions within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) for a secure communication between a function and other services within the Amazon VPC. With this configuration, there is no requirement for an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection. All the traffic remains securely within the AWS Cloud. Because of their logical isolation, domains that reside within an Amazon VPC have an extra layer of security when compared to domains that use public endpoints. To properly manage access, AWS Lambda functions should be assigned to a VPC.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	netfw-stateless-rule-group-not-empty	An AWS Network Firewall rule group contains rules that define how your firewall processes traffic in your VPC. An empty stateless rule group when present in a firewall policy does not process traffic.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	opensearch-in-vpc-only	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon OpenSearch Service domains are within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). An Amazon OpenSearch Service domain within an Amazon VPC enables secure communication between Amazon OpenSearch Service and other services within the Amazon VPC without the need for an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	rds-instance-public-access-check	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) instances are not public. Amazon RDS database instances can contain sensitive information, and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	rds-snapshots-public-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) instances are not public. Amazon RDS database instances can contain sensitive information and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	redshift-cluster-public-access-check	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Redshift clusters are not public. Amazon Redshift clusters can contain sensitive information and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	restricted-common-ports	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring common ports are restricted on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) security groups. Not restricting access to ports to trusted sources can lead to attacks against the availability, integrity and confidentiality of systems. This rule allows you to optionally set blockedPort1 - blockedPort5 parameters (Config Defaults: 20,21,3389,3306,4333). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	s3-account-level-public-access-blocks-periodic	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets cannot be publicly accessed. This rule helps keeping sensitive data safe from unauthorized remote users by preventing public access. This rule allows you to optionally set the ignorePublicAcls (Config Default: True), blockPublicPolicy (Config Default: True), blockPublicAcls (Config Default: True), and restrictPublicBuckets parameters (Config Default: True). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	s3-bucket-level-public-access-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets cannot be publicly accessed. This rule helps keeping sensitive data safe from unauthorized remote users by preventing public access at the bucket level.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	s3-bucket-public-read-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by only allowing authorized users, processes, and devices access to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. The management of access should be consistent with the classification of the data.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	s3-bucket-public-write-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by only allowing authorized users, processes, and devices access to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. The management of access should be consistent with the classification of the data.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	sagemaker-notebook-no-direct-internet-access	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon SageMaker notebooks do not allow direct internet access. By preventing direct internet access, you can keep sensitive data from being accessed by unauthorized users.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	ssm-document-not-public	Ensure AWS Systems Manager (SSM) documents are not public, as this may allow unintended access to your SSM documents. A public SSM document can expose information about your account, resources and internal processes.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	subnet-auto-assign-public-ip-disabled	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) subnets are not automatically assigned a public IP address. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances that are launched into subnets that have this attribute enabled have a public IP address assigned to their primary network interface.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	vpc-default-security-group-closed	Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) security groups can help in the management of network access by providing stateful filtering of ingress and egress network traffic to AWS resources. Restricting all the traffic on the default security group helps in restricting remote access to your AWS resources.
1.3.2	Limit inbound Internet traffic to IP addresses within the DMZ.	vpc-sg-open-only-to-authorized-ports	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring common ports are restricted on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Security Groups. Not restricting access on ports to trusted sources can lead to attacks against the availability, integrity and confidentiality of systems. By restricting access to resources within a security group from the internet (0.0.0.0/0) remote access can be controlled to internal systems.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	alb-desync-mode-check	To assist in protecting applications for HTTP Desync vulnerabilities, ensure HTTP Desync mitigation mode is enabled on your application load balancers. HTTP Desync issues can lead to request smuggling and make your applications vulnerable to request queue or cache poisoning. Desync mitigation modes are monitor, defensive, and strictest. Defensive is the default mode.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	alb-http-drop-invalid-header-enabled	Ensure that your Elastic Load Balancers (ELB) are configured to drop http headers. Because sensitive data can exist, enable encryption in transit to help protect that data.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	restricted-ssh	Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Security Groups can help manage network access by providing stateful filtering of ingress and egress network traffic to AWS resources. Not allowing ingress (or remote) traffic from 0.0.0.0/0 to port 22 on your resources help you restricting remote access.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	autoscaling-launch-config-public-ip-disabled	If you configure your Network Interfaces with a public IP address, then the associated resources to those Network Interfaces are reachable from the internet. EC2 resources should not be publicly accessible, as this may allow unintended access to your applications or servers.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	dms-replication-not-public	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring DMS replication instances cannot be publicly accessed. DMS replication instances can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	ebs-snapshot-public-restorable-check	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring EBS snapshots are not publicly restorable. EBS volume snapshots can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	ec2-instance-no-public-ip	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances cannot be publicly accessed. Amazon EC2 instances can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	elasticsearch-in-vpc-only	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon OpenSearch Service (OpenSearch Service) Domains are within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). An OpenSearch Service domain within an Amazon VPC enables secure communication between OpenSearch Service and other services within the Amazon VPC without the need for an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	emr-master-no-public-ip	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon EMR cluster master nodes cannot be publicly accessed. Amazon EMR cluster master nodes can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	ec2-instances-in-vpc	Deploy Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) to enable secure communication between an instance and other services within the amazon VPC, without requiring an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection. All traffic remains securely within the AWS Cloud. Because of their logical isolation, domains that reside within an Amazon VPC have an extra layer of security when compared to domains that use public endpoints. Assign Amazon EC2 instances to an Amazon VPC to properly manage access.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	lambda-function-public-access-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring AWS Lambda functions cannot be publicly accessed. Public access can potentially lead to degradation of availability of resources.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	lambda-inside-vpc	Deploy AWS Lambda functions within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) for a secure communication between a function and other services within the Amazon VPC. With this configuration, there is no requirement for an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection. All the traffic remains securely within the AWS Cloud. Because of their logical isolation, domains that reside within an Amazon VPC have an extra layer of security when compared to domains that use public endpoints. To properly manage access, AWS Lambda functions should be assigned to a VPC.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	netfw-stateless-rule-group-not-empty	An AWS Network Firewall rule group contains rules that define how your firewall processes traffic in your VPC. An empty stateless rule group when present in a firewall policy does not process traffic.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	no-unrestricted-route-to-igw	Ensure Amazon EC2 route tables do not have unrestricted routes to an internet gateway. Removing or limiting the access to the internet for workloads within Amazon VPCs can reduce unintended access within your environment.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	opensearch-in-vpc-only	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon OpenSearch Service domains are within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). An Amazon OpenSearch Service domain within an Amazon VPC enables secure communication between Amazon OpenSearch Service and other services within the Amazon VPC without the need for an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	rds-instance-public-access-check	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) instances are not public. Amazon RDS database instances can contain sensitive information, and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	rds-snapshots-public-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) instances are not public. Amazon RDS database instances can contain sensitive information and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	redshift-cluster-public-access-check	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Redshift clusters are not public. Amazon Redshift clusters can contain sensitive information and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	restricted-common-ports	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring common ports are restricted on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) security groups. Not restricting access to ports to trusted sources can lead to attacks against the availability, integrity and confidentiality of systems. This rule allows you to optionally set blockedPort1 - blockedPort5 parameters (Config Defaults: 20,21,3389,3306,4333). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	s3-account-level-public-access-blocks-periodic	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets cannot be publicly accessed. This rule helps keeping sensitive data safe from unauthorized remote users by preventing public access. This rule allows you to optionally set the ignorePublicAcls (Config Default: True), blockPublicPolicy (Config Default: True), blockPublicAcls (Config Default: True), and restrictPublicBuckets parameters (Config Default: True). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	s3-bucket-level-public-access-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets cannot be publicly accessed. This rule helps keeping sensitive data safe from unauthorized remote users by preventing public access at the bucket level.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	s3-bucket-public-read-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by only allowing authorized users, processes, and devices access to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. The management of access should be consistent with the classification of the data.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	s3-bucket-public-write-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by only allowing authorized users, processes, and devices access to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. The management of access should be consistent with the classification of the data.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	sagemaker-notebook-no-direct-internet-access	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon SageMaker notebooks do not allow direct internet access. By preventing direct internet access, you can keep sensitive data from being accessed by unauthorized users.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	ssm-document-not-public	Ensure AWS Systems Manager (SSM) documents are not public, as this may allow unintended access to your SSM documents. A public SSM document can expose information about your account, resources and internal processes.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	subnet-auto-assign-public-ip-disabled	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) subnets are not automatically assigned a public IP address. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances that are launched into subnets that have this attribute enabled have a public IP address assigned to their primary network interface.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	vpc-default-security-group-closed	Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) security groups can help in the management of network access by providing stateful filtering of ingress and egress network traffic to AWS resources. Restricting all the traffic on the default security group helps in restricting remote access to your AWS resources.
1.3.4	Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet.	vpc-sg-open-only-to-authorized-ports	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring common ports are restricted on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Security Groups. Not restricting access on ports to trusted sources can lead to attacks against the availability, integrity and confidentiality of systems. By restricting access to resources within a security group from the internet (0.0.0.0/0) remote access can be controlled to internal systems.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	restricted-ssh	Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Security Groups can help manage network access by providing stateful filtering of ingress and egress network traffic to AWS resources. Not allowing ingress (or remote) traffic from 0.0.0.0/0 to port 22 on your resources help you restricting remote access.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	autoscaling-launch-config-public-ip-disabled	If you configure your Network Interfaces with a public IP address, then the associated resources to those Network Interfaces are reachable from the internet. EC2 resources should not be publicly accessible, as this may allow unintended access to your applications or servers.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	dms-replication-not-public	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring DMS replication instances cannot be publicly accessed. DMS replication instances can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	ebs-snapshot-public-restorable-check	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring EBS snapshots are not publicly restorable. EBS volume snapshots can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	ec2-instance-no-public-ip	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances cannot be publicly accessed. Amazon EC2 instances can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	elasticsearch-in-vpc-only	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon OpenSearch Service (OpenSearch Service) Domains are within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). An OpenSearch Service domain within an Amazon VPC enables secure communication between OpenSearch Service and other services within the Amazon VPC without the need for an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	ec2-instances-in-vpc	Deploy Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) to enable secure communication between an instance and other services within the amazon VPC, without requiring an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection. All traffic remains securely within the AWS Cloud. Because of their logical isolation, domains that reside within an Amazon VPC have an extra layer of security when compared to domains that use public endpoints. Assign Amazon EC2 instances to an Amazon VPC to properly manage access.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	netfw-policy-rule-group-associated	An AWS Network Firewall policy defines how your firewall monitors and handles traffic in an Amazon VPC. You configure stateless and stateful rule groups to filter packets and traffic flows, and you define default traffic handling.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	netfw-stateless-rule-group-not-empty	An AWS Network Firewall rule group contains rules that define how your firewall processes traffic in your VPC. An empty stateless rule group when present in a firewall policy does not process traffic.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	opensearch-in-vpc-only	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon OpenSearch Service domains are within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). An Amazon OpenSearch Service domain within an Amazon VPC enables secure communication between Amazon OpenSearch Service and other services within the Amazon VPC without the need for an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	rds-instance-public-access-check	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) instances are not public. Amazon RDS database instances can contain sensitive information, and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	rds-snapshots-public-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) instances are not public. Amazon RDS database instances can contain sensitive information and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	redshift-cluster-public-access-check	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Redshift clusters are not public. Amazon Redshift clusters can contain sensitive information and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	restricted-common-ports	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring common ports are restricted on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) security groups. Not restricting access to ports to trusted sources can lead to attacks against the availability, integrity and confidentiality of systems. This rule allows you to optionally set blockedPort1 - blockedPort5 parameters (Config Defaults: 20,21,3389,3306,4333). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	s3-account-level-public-access-blocks-periodic	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets cannot be publicly accessed. This rule helps keeping sensitive data safe from unauthorized remote users by preventing public access. This rule allows you to optionally set the ignorePublicAcls (Config Default: True), blockPublicPolicy (Config Default: True), blockPublicAcls (Config Default: True), and restrictPublicBuckets parameters (Config Default: True). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	s3-bucket-level-public-access-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets cannot be publicly accessed. This rule helps keeping sensitive data safe from unauthorized remote users by preventing public access at the bucket level.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	s3-bucket-public-read-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by only allowing authorized users, processes, and devices access to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. The management of access should be consistent with the classification of the data.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	s3-bucket-public-write-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by only allowing authorized users, processes, and devices access to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. The management of access should be consistent with the classification of the data.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	sagemaker-notebook-no-direct-internet-access	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon SageMaker notebooks do not allow direct internet access. By preventing direct internet access, you can keep sensitive data from being accessed by unauthorized users.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	subnet-auto-assign-public-ip-disabled	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) subnets are not automatically assigned a public IP address. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances that are launched into subnets that have this attribute enabled have a public IP address assigned to their primary network interface.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	vpc-default-security-group-closed	Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) security groups can help in the management of network access by providing stateful filtering of ingress and egress network traffic to AWS resources. Restricting all the traffic on the default security group helps in restricting remote access to your AWS resources.
1.3.6	Place system components that store cardholder data (such as a database) in an internal network zone, segregated from the DMZ and other untrusted networks.	vpc-sg-open-only-to-authorized-ports	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring common ports are restricted on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Security Groups. Not restricting access on ports to trusted sources can lead to attacks against the availability, integrity and confidentiality of systems. By restricting access to resources within a security group from the internet (0.0.0.0/0) remote access can be controlled to internal systems.
2.1	Always change vendor-supplied defaults and remove or disable unnecessary default accounts before installing a system on the network. This applies to ALL default passwords, including but not limited to those used by operating systems, software that provides security services, application and system accounts, point-of-sale (POS) terminals, payment applications, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) community strings, etc.).	rds-cluster-default-admin-check	As default usernames are public knowledge, changing default usernames can assist in reducing the attack surface for your Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) database cluster(s).
2.1	Always change vendor-supplied defaults and remove or disable unnecessary default accounts before installing a system on the network. This applies to ALL default passwords, including but not limited to those used by operating systems, software that provides security services, application and system accounts, point-of-sale (POS) terminals, payment applications, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) community strings, etc.).	rds-instance-default-admin-check	As default usernames are public knowledge, changing default usernames can assist in reducing the attack surface for your Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) database instance(s).
2.1	Always change vendor-supplied defaults and remove or disable unnecessary default accounts before installing a system on the network. This applies to ALL default passwords, including but not limited to those used by operating systems, software that provides security services, application and system accounts, point-of-sale (POS) terminals, payment applications, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) community strings, etc.).	redshift-default-admin-check	As default usernames are public knowledge, changing default usernames can assist in reducing the attack surface for your Amazon Redshift cluster(s).
2.1	Always change vendor-supplied defaults and remove or disable unnecessary default accounts before installing a system on the network. This applies to ALL default passwords, including but not limited to those used by operating systems, software that provides security services, application and system accounts, point-of-sale (POS) terminals, payment applications, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) community strings, etc.).	redshift-default-db-name-check	Default names are public knowledge and should be changed upon configuration. Changing the default database name of your Amazon Redshift cluster can assist in reducing the attack surface for your Redshift cluster.
2.1	Always change vendor-supplied defaults and remove or disable unnecessary default accounts before installing a system on the network. This applies to ALL default passwords, including but not limited to those used by operating systems, software that provides security services, application and system accounts, point-of-sale (POS) terminals, payment applications, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) community strings, etc.).	root-account-mfa-enabled	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring MFA is enabled for the root user. The root user is the most privileged user in an AWS account. The MFA adds an extra layer of protection for a user name and password. By requiring MFA for the root user, you can reduce the incidents of compromised AWS accounts.
2.1	Always change vendor-supplied defaults and remove or disable unnecessary default accounts before installing a system on the network. This applies to ALL default passwords, including but not limited to those used by operating systems, software that provides security services, application and system accounts, point-of-sale (POS) terminals, payment applications, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) community strings, etc.).	vpc-default-security-group-closed	Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) security groups can help in the management of network access by providing stateful filtering of ingress and egress network traffic to AWS resources. Restricting all the traffic on the default security group helps in restricting remote access to your AWS resources.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	restricted-ssh	Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Security Groups can help manage network access by providing stateful filtering of ingress and egress network traffic to AWS resources. Not allowing ingress (or remote) traffic from 0.0.0.0/0 to port 22 on your resources help you restricting remote access.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	multi-region-cloudtrail-enabled	AWS CloudTrail records AWS Management Console actions and API calls. You can identify which users and accounts called AWS, the source IP address from where the calls were made, and when the calls occurred. CloudTrail will deliver log files from all AWS Regions to your S3 bucket if MULTI_REGION_CLOUD_TRAIL_ENABLED is enabled. Additionally, when AWS launches a new Region, CloudTrail will create the same trail in the new Region. As a result, you will receive log files containing API activity for the new Region without taking any action.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	access-keys-rotated	The credentials are audited for authorized devices, users, and processes by ensuring IAM access keys are rotated as per organizational policy. Changing the access keys on a regular schedule is a security best practice. It shortens the period an access key is active and reduces the business impact if the keys are compromised. This rule requires an access key rotation value (Config Default: 90). The actual value should reflect your organization's policies.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	account-part-of-organizations	Centralized management of AWS accounts within AWS Organizations helps to ensure that accounts are compliant. The lack of centralized account governance may lead to inconsistent account configurations, which may expose resources and sensitive data.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	autoscaling-launch-config-public-ip-disabled	If you configure your Network Interfaces with a public IP address, then the associated resources to those Network Interfaces are reachable from the internet. EC2 resources should not be publicly accessible, as this may allow unintended access to your applications or servers.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	cloud-trail-cloud-watch-logs-enabled	Use Amazon CloudWatch to centrally collect and manage log event activity. Inclusion of AWS CloudTrail data provides details of API call activity within your AWS account.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	cloud-trail-encryption-enabled	Because sensitive data may exist and to help protect data at rest, ensure encryption is enabled for your AWS CloudTrail trails.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	cloud-trail-log-file-validation-enabled	Utilize AWS CloudTrail log file validation to check the integrity of CloudTrail logs. Log file validation helps determine if a log file was modified or deleted or unchanged after CloudTrail delivered it. This feature is built using industry standard algorithms: SHA-256 for hashing and SHA-256 with RSA for digital signing. This makes it computationally infeasible to modify, delete or forge CloudTrail log files without detection.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	cloudtrail-s3-dataevents-enabled	The collection of Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) data events helps in detecting any anomalous activity. The details include AWS account information that accessed an Amazon S3 bucket, IP address, and time of event.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	cmk-backing-key-rotation-enabled	Enable key rotation to ensure that keys are rotated once they have reached the end of their crypto period.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	ec2-ebs-encryption-by-default	To help protect data at rest, ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in these volumes, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	ec2-instance-multiple-eni-check	This rule checks if your Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances have multiple ENIs. Having multiple ENIs can cause dual-homed instances, meaning instances that have multiple subnets. This can add network security complexity and introduce unintended network paths and access.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	ec2-managedinstance-association-compliance-status-check	Use AWS Systems Manager Associations to help with inventory of software platforms and applications within an organization. AWS Systems Manager assigns a configuration state to your managed instances and allows you to set baselines of operating system patch levels, software installations, application configurations, and other details about your environment.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	ec2-managedinstance-patch-compliance-status-check	Enable this rule to help with identification and documentation of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) vulnerabilities. The rule checks if Amazon EC2 instance patch compliance in AWS Systems Manager as required by your organization's policies and procedures.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	ec2-security-group-attached-to-eni-periodic	This rule ensures the security groups are attached to an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance or to an ENI. This rule helps monitoring unused security groups in the inventory and the management of your environment.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	encrypted-volumes	Because sensitive data can exist and to help protect data at rest, ensure encryption is enabled for your Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	iam-no-inline-policy-check	Ensure an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) user, IAM role or IAM group does not have an inline policy to control access to systems and assets. AWS recommends to use managed policies instead of inline policies. The managed policies allow reusability, versioning and rolling back, and delegating permissions management.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	iam-policy-no-statements-with-admin-access	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you incorporate the principles of least privilege and separation of duties with access permissions and authorizations, restricting policies from containing "Effect": "Allow" with "Action": "*" over "Resource": "*". Allowing users to have more privileges than needed to complete a task may violate the principle of least privilege and separation of duties.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	iam-root-access-key-check	Access to systems and assets can be controlled by checking that the root user does not have access keys attached to their AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) role. Ensure that the root access keys are deleted. Instead, create and use role-based AWS accounts to help to incorporate the principle of least functionality.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	iam-user-group-membership-check	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you restrict access permissions and authorizations, by ensuring users are members of at least one group. Allowing users more privileges than needed to complete a task may violate the principle of least privilege and separation of duties.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	iam-user-no-policies-check	This rule ensures AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) policies are attached only to groups or roles to control access to systems and assets. Assigning privileges at the group or the role level helps to reduce opportunity for an identity to receive or retain excessive privileges.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	iam-user-unused-credentials-check	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you with access permissions and authorizations by checking for IAM passwords and access keys that are not used for a specified time period. If these unused credentials are identified, you should disable and/or remove the credentials, as this may violate the principle of least privilege. This rule requires you to set a value to the maxCredentialUsageAge (Config Default: 90). The actual value should reflect your organization's policies.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	mfa-enabled-for-iam-console-access	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that MFA is enabled for all AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) users that have a console password. MFA adds an extra layer of protection on top of a user name and password. By requiring MFA for users, you can reduce incidents of compromised accounts and keep sensitive data from being accessed by unauthorized users.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	restricted-common-ports	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring common ports are restricted on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) security groups. Not restricting access to ports to trusted sources can lead to attacks against the availability, integrity and confidentiality of systems. This rule allows you to optionally set blockedPort1 - blockedPort5 parameters (Config Defaults: 20,21,3389,3306,4333). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	root-account-hardware-mfa-enabled	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring hardware MFA is enabled for the root user. The root user is the most privileged user in an AWS account. The MFA adds an extra layer of protection for a user name and password. By requiring MFA for the root user, you can reduce the incidents of compromised AWS accounts.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	root-account-mfa-enabled	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring MFA is enabled for the root user. The root user is the most privileged user in an AWS account. The MFA adds an extra layer of protection for a user name and password. By requiring MFA for the root user, you can reduce the incidents of compromised AWS accounts.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	s3-account-level-public-access-blocks-periodic	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets cannot be publicly accessed. This rule helps keeping sensitive data safe from unauthorized remote users by preventing public access. This rule allows you to optionally set the ignorePublicAcls (Config Default: True), blockPublicPolicy (Config Default: True), blockPublicAcls (Config Default: True), and restrictPublicBuckets parameters (Config Default: True). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	s3-bucket-logging-enabled	Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) server access logging provides a method to monitor the network for potential cybersecurity events. The events are monitored by capturing detailed records for the requests that are made to an Amazon S3 bucket. Each access log record provides details about a single access request. The details include the requester, bucket name, request time, request action, response status, and an error code, if relevant.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	s3-bucket-public-read-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by only allowing authorized users, processes, and devices access to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. The management of access should be consistent with the classification of the data.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	s3-bucket-public-write-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by only allowing authorized users, processes, and devices access to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. The management of access should be consistent with the classification of the data.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	s3-bucket-replication-enabled	Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) Cross-Region Replication (CRR) supports maintaining adequate capacity and availability. CRR enables automatic, asynchronous copying of objects across Amazon S3 buckets to help ensure that data availability is maintained.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	s3-bucket-server-side-encryption-enabled	To help protect data at rest, ensure encryption is enabled for your Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in Amazon S3 buckets, enable encryption to help protect that data.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	s3-bucket-ssl-requests-only	To help protect data in transit, ensure that your Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets require requests to use Secure Socket Layer (SSL). Because sensitive data can exist, enable encryption in transit to help protect that data.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	vpc-default-security-group-closed	Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) security groups can help in the management of network access by providing stateful filtering of ingress and egress network traffic to AWS resources. Restricting all the traffic on the default security group helps in restricting remote access to your AWS resources.
2.2	Develop configuration standards for all system components. Assure that these standards address all known security vulnerabilities and are consistent with industry-accepted system hardening standards. Sources of industry-accepted system hardening standards may include, but are not limited to: • Center for Internet Security (CIS) • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS) Institute • National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).	vpc-flow-logs-enabled	The VPC flow logs provide detailed records for information about the IP traffic going to and from network interfaces in your Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). By default, the flow log record includes values for the different components of the IP flow, including the source, destination, and protocol.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	restricted-ssh	Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Security Groups can help manage network access by providing stateful filtering of ingress and egress network traffic to AWS resources. Not allowing ingress (or remote) traffic from 0.0.0.0/0 to port 22 on your resources help you restricting remote access.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	autoscaling-launch-config-public-ip-disabled	If you configure your Network Interfaces with a public IP address, then the associated resources to those Network Interfaces are reachable from the internet. EC2 resources should not be publicly accessible, as this may allow unintended access to your applications or servers.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	dms-replication-not-public	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring DMS replication instances cannot be publicly accessed. DMS replication instances can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	ebs-snapshot-public-restorable-check	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring EBS snapshots are not publicly restorable. EBS volume snapshots can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	ec2-instance-no-public-ip	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances cannot be publicly accessed. Amazon EC2 instances can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	emr-master-no-public-ip	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon EMR cluster master nodes cannot be publicly accessed. Amazon EMR cluster master nodes can contain sensitive information and access control is required for such accounts.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	ec2-instances-in-vpc	Deploy Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) to enable secure communication between an instance and other services within the amazon VPC, without requiring an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection. All traffic remains securely within the AWS Cloud. Because of their logical isolation, domains that reside within an Amazon VPC have an extra layer of security when compared to domains that use public endpoints. Assign Amazon EC2 instances to an Amazon VPC to properly manage access.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	lambda-function-public-access-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring AWS Lambda functions cannot be publicly accessed. Public access can potentially lead to degradation of availability of resources.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	lambda-inside-vpc	Deploy AWS Lambda functions within an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) for a secure communication between a function and other services within the Amazon VPC. With this configuration, there is no requirement for an internet gateway, NAT device, or VPN connection. All the traffic remains securely within the AWS Cloud. Because of their logical isolation, domains that reside within an Amazon VPC have an extra layer of security when compared to domains that use public endpoints. To properly manage access, AWS Lambda functions should be assigned to a VPC.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	no-unrestricted-route-to-igw	Ensure Amazon EC2 route tables do not have unrestricted routes to an internet gateway. Removing or limiting the access to the internet for workloads within Amazon VPCs can reduce unintended access within your environment.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	rds-instance-public-access-check	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) instances are not public. Amazon RDS database instances can contain sensitive information, and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	rds-snapshots-public-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) instances are not public. Amazon RDS database instances can contain sensitive information and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	redshift-cluster-public-access-check	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Redshift clusters are not public. Amazon Redshift clusters can contain sensitive information and principles and access control is required for such accounts.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	restricted-common-ports	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring common ports are restricted on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) security groups. Not restricting access to ports to trusted sources can lead to attacks against the availability, integrity and confidentiality of systems. This rule allows you to optionally set blockedPort1 - blockedPort5 parameters (Config Defaults: 20,21,3389,3306,4333). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	s3-account-level-public-access-blocks-periodic	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets cannot be publicly accessed. This rule helps keeping sensitive data safe from unauthorized remote users by preventing public access. This rule allows you to optionally set the ignorePublicAcls (Config Default: True), blockPublicPolicy (Config Default: True), blockPublicAcls (Config Default: True), and restrictPublicBuckets parameters (Config Default: True). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	s3-bucket-level-public-access-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets cannot be publicly accessed. This rule helps keeping sensitive data safe from unauthorized remote users by preventing public access at the bucket level.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	s3-bucket-public-read-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by only allowing authorized users, processes, and devices access to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. The management of access should be consistent with the classification of the data.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	s3-bucket-public-write-prohibited	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by only allowing authorized users, processes, and devices access to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. The management of access should be consistent with the classification of the data.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	sagemaker-notebook-no-direct-internet-access	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that Amazon SageMaker notebooks do not allow direct internet access. By preventing direct internet access, you can keep sensitive data from being accessed by unauthorized users.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	ssm-document-not-public	Ensure AWS Systems Manager (SSM) documents are not public, as this may allow unintended access to your SSM documents. A public SSM document can expose information about your account, resources and internal processes.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	subnet-auto-assign-public-ip-disabled	Manage access to the AWS Cloud by ensuring Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) subnets are not automatically assigned a public IP address. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances that are launched into subnets that have this attribute enabled have a public IP address assigned to their primary network interface.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	vpc-default-security-group-closed	Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) security groups can help in the management of network access by providing stateful filtering of ingress and egress network traffic to AWS resources. Restricting all the traffic on the default security group helps in restricting remote access to your AWS resources.
2.2.2	Enable only necessary services, protocols, daemons, etc., as required for the function of the system.	vpc-sg-open-only-to-authorized-ports	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring common ports are restricted on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Security Groups. Not restricting access on ports to trusted sources can lead to attacks against the availability, integrity and confidentiality of systems. By restricting access to resources within a security group from the internet (0.0.0.0/0) remote access can be controlled to internal systems.
2.2.3	Implement additional security features for any required services, protocols, or daemons that are considered to be insecure.	alb-desync-mode-check	To assist in protecting applications for HTTP Desync vulnerabilities, ensure HTTP Desync mitigation mode is enabled on your application load balancers. HTTP Desync issues can lead to request smuggling and make your applications vulnerable to request queue or cache poisoning. Desync mitigation modes are monitor, defensive, and strictest. Defensive is the default mode.
2.3	Encrypt all non-console administrative access using strong cryptography.	alb-http-to-https-redirection-check	To help protect data in transit, ensure that your Application Load Balancer automatically redirects unencrypted HTTP requests to HTTPS. Because sensitive data can exist, enable encryption in transit to help protect that data.
2.3	Encrypt all non-console administrative access using strong cryptography.	api-gw-ssl-enabled	Ensure Amazon API Gateway REST API stages are configured with SSL certificates to allow backend systems to authenticate that requests originate from API Gateway.
2.3	Encrypt all non-console administrative access using strong cryptography.	elb-tls-https-listeners-only	Ensure that your Elastic Load Balancers (ELBs) are configured with SSL or HTTPS listeners. Because sensitive data can exist, enable encryption in transit to help protect that data.
2.3	Encrypt all non-console administrative access using strong cryptography.	opensearch-https-required	Because sensitive data can exist and to help protect data in transit, ensure HTTPS is enabled for connections to your Amazon OpenSearch Service domains.
2.3	Encrypt all non-console administrative access using strong cryptography.	redshift-require-tls-ssl	Ensure that your Amazon Redshift clusters require TLS/SSL encryption to connect to SQL clients. Because sensitive data can exist, enable encryption in transit to help protect that data.
2.4	Maintain an inventory of system components that are in scope for PCI DSS.	ec2-security-group-attached-to-eni-periodic	This rule ensures the security groups are attached to an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance or to an ENI. This rule helps monitoring unused security groups in the inventory and the management of your environment.
2.4	Maintain an inventory of system components that are in scope for PCI DSS.	eip-attached	This rule ensures Elastic IPs allocated to a Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) are attached to Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances or in-use Elastic Network Interfaces. This rule helps monitor unused EIPs in your environment.
2.4	Maintain an inventory of system components that are in scope for PCI DSS.	ec2-instance-managed-by-systems-manager	An inventory of the software platforms and applications within the organization is possible by managing Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances with AWS Systems Manager. Use AWS Systems Manager to provide detailed system configurations, operating system patch levels, services name and type, software installations, application name, publisher and version, and other details about your environment.
2.4	Maintain an inventory of system components that are in scope for PCI DSS.	vpc-network-acl-unused-check	This rule ensures that Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) network access control lists are in use. Monitoring for unused network access control lists can assist in accurate inventory and management of your environment.
3.1	Keep cardholder data storage to a minimum by implementing data retention and disposal policies, procedures and processes that include at least the following for all cardholder data (CHD) storage: • Limiting data storage amount and retention time to that which is required for legal, regulatory, and/or business requirements • Specific retention requirements for cardholder data • Processes for secure deletion of data when no longer needed • A quarterly process for identifying and securely deleting stored cardholder data that exceeds defined retention.	s3-lifecycle-policy-check	Ensure Amazon S3 lifecycle policies are configured to help define actions that you want Amazon S3 to take during an object's lifetime (for example, transition objects to another storage class, archive them, or delete them after a specified period of time).
3.1	Keep cardholder data storage to a minimum by implementing data retention and disposal policies, procedures and processes that include at least the following for all cardholder data (CHD) storage: • Limiting data storage amount and retention time to that which is required for legal, regulatory, and/or business requirements • Specific retention requirements for cardholder data • Processes for secure deletion of data when no longer needed • A quarterly process for identifying and securely deleting stored cardholder data that exceeds defined retention.	backup-plan-min-frequency-and-min-retention-check	To help with data back-up processes, ensure your AWS Backup plan is set for a minimum frequency and retention. AWS Backup is a fully managed backup service with a policy-based backup solution. This solution simplifies your backup management and enables you to meet your business and regulatory backup compliance requirements. This rule allows you to set the requiredFrequencyValue (Config default: 1), requiredRetentionDays (Config default: 35) and requiredFrequencyUnit (Config default: days) parameters. The actual value should reflect your organizations requirements.
3.1	Keep cardholder data storage to a minimum by implementing data retention and disposal policies, procedures and processes that include at least the following for all cardholder data (CHD) storage: • Limiting data storage amount and retention time to that which is required for legal, regulatory, and/or business requirements • Specific retention requirements for cardholder data • Processes for secure deletion of data when no longer needed • A quarterly process for identifying and securely deleting stored cardholder data that exceeds defined retention.	backup-recovery-point-minimum-retention-check	To help with data back-up processes, ensure your AWS Backup recovery points have a minimum retention period set. AWS Backup is a fully managed backup service with a policy-based backup solution. This solution simplifies your backup management and enables you to meet your business and regulatory backup compliance requirements. This rule allows you to set the requiredRetentionDays (config default: 35) parameter. The actual value should reflect your organizations requirements.
3.1	Keep cardholder data storage to a minimum by implementing data retention and disposal policies, procedures and processes that include at least the following for all cardholder data (CHD) storage: • Limiting data storage amount and retention time to that which is required for legal, regulatory, and/or business requirements • Specific retention requirements for cardholder data • Processes for secure deletion of data when no longer needed • A quarterly process for identifying and securely deleting stored cardholder data that exceeds defined retention.	elasticache-redis-cluster-automatic-backup-check	When automatic backups are enabled, Amazon ElastiCache creates a backup of the cluster on a daily basis. The backup can be retained for a number of days as specified by your organization. Automatic backups can help guard against data loss. If a failure occurs, you can create a new cluster, which restores your data from the most recent backup.
3.4	Render PAN unreadable anywhere it is stored (including on portable digital media, backup media, and in logs) by using any of the following approaches: • One-way hashes based on strong cryptography, (hash must be of the entire PAN) • Truncation (hashing cannot be used to replace the truncated segment of PAN) • Index tokens and pads (pads must be securely stored) • Strong cryptography with associated key-management processes and procedures. Note: It is a relatively trivial effort for a malicious individual to reconstruct original PAN data if they have access to both the truncated and hashed version of a PAN. Where hashed and truncated versions of the same PAN are present in an entity’s environment, additional controls must be in place to ensure that the hashed and truncated versions cannot be correlated to reconstruct the original PAN.	backup-recovery-point-encrypted	Ensure that encryption is enabled for your AWS Backup recovery points. Because sensitive data can exist at rest, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
3.4	Render PAN unreadable anywhere it is stored (including on portable digital media, backup media, and in logs) by using any of the following approaches: • One-way hashes based on strong cryptography, (hash must be of the entire PAN) • Truncation (hashing cannot be used to replace the truncated segment of PAN) • Index tokens and pads (pads must be securely stored) • Strong cryptography with associated key-management processes and procedures. Note: It is a relatively trivial effort for a malicious individual to reconstruct original PAN data if they have access to both the truncated and hashed version of a PAN. Where hashed and truncated versions of the same PAN are present in an entity’s environment, additional controls must be in place to ensure that the hashed and truncated versions cannot be correlated to reconstruct the original PAN.	cloud-trail-encryption-enabled	Because sensitive data may exist and to help protect data at rest, ensure encryption is enabled for your AWS CloudTrail trails.
3.4	Render PAN unreadable anywhere it is stored (including on portable digital media, backup media, and in logs) by using any of the following approaches: • One-way hashes based on strong cryptography, (hash must be of the entire PAN) • Truncation (hashing cannot be used to replace the truncated segment of PAN) • Index tokens and pads (pads must be securely stored) • Strong cryptography with associated key-management processes and procedures. Note: It is a relatively trivial effort for a malicious individual to reconstruct original PAN data if they have access to both the truncated and hashed version of a PAN. Where hashed and truncated versions of the same PAN are present in an entity’s environment, additional controls must be in place to ensure that the hashed and truncated versions cannot be correlated to reconstruct the original PAN.	cloudwatch-log-group-encrypted	To help protect sensitive data at rest, ensure encryption is enabled for your Amazon CloudWatch Log Groups.
3.4	Render PAN unreadable anywhere it is stored (including on portable digital media, backup media, and in logs) by using any of the following approaches: • One-way hashes based on strong cryptography, (hash must be of the entire PAN) • Truncation (hashing cannot be used to replace the truncated segment of PAN) • Index tokens and pads (pads must be securely stored) • Strong cryptography with associated key-management processes and procedures. Note: It is a relatively trivial effort for a malicious individual to reconstruct original PAN data if they have access to both the truncated and hashed version of a PAN. Where hashed and truncated versions of the same PAN are present in an entity’s environment, additional controls must be in place to ensure that the hashed and truncated versions cannot be correlated to reconstruct the original PAN.	ec2-ebs-encryption-by-default	To help protect data at rest, ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in these volumes, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
3.4	Render PAN unreadable anywhere it is stored (including on portable digital media, backup media, and in logs) by using any of the following approaches: • One-way hashes based on strong cryptography, (hash must be of the entire PAN) • Truncation (hashing cannot be used to replace the truncated segment of PAN) • Index tokens and pads (pads must be securely stored) • Strong cryptography with associated key-management processes and procedures. Note: It is a relatively trivial effort for a malicious individual to reconstruct original PAN data if they have access to both the truncated and hashed version of a PAN. Where hashed and truncated versions of the same PAN are present in an entity’s environment, additional controls must be in place to ensure that the hashed and truncated versions cannot be correlated to reconstruct the original PAN.	efs-encrypted-check	Because sensitive data can exist and to help protect data at rest, ensure encryption is enabled for your Amazon Elastic File System (EFS).
3.4	Render PAN unreadable anywhere it is stored (including on portable digital media, backup media, and in logs) by using any of the following approaches: • One-way hashes based on strong cryptography, (hash must be of the entire PAN) • Truncation (hashing cannot be used to replace the truncated segment of PAN) • Index tokens and pads (pads must be securely stored) • Strong cryptography with associated key-management processes and procedures. Note: It is a relatively trivial effort for a malicious individual to reconstruct original PAN data if they have access to both the truncated and hashed version of a PAN. Where hashed and truncated versions of the same PAN are present in an entity’s environment, additional controls must be in place to ensure that the hashed and truncated versions cannot be correlated to reconstruct the original PAN.	encrypted-volumes	Because sensitive data can exist and to help protect data at rest, ensure encryption is enabled for your Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes.
3.4	Render PAN unreadable anywhere it is stored (including on portable digital media, backup media, and in logs) by using any of the following approaches: • One-way hashes based on strong cryptography, (hash must be of the entire PAN) • Truncation (hashing cannot be used to replace the truncated segment of PAN) • Index tokens and pads (pads must be securely stored) • Strong cryptography with associated key-management processes and procedures. Note: It is a relatively trivial effort for a malicious individual to reconstruct original PAN data if they have access to both the truncated and hashed version of a PAN. Where hashed and truncated versions of the same PAN are present in an entity’s environment, additional controls must be in place to ensure that the hashed and truncated versions cannot be correlated to reconstruct the original PAN.	rds-snapshot-encrypted	Ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) snapshots. Because sensitive data can exist at rest, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
3.4	Render PAN unreadable anywhere it is stored (including on portable digital media, backup media, and in logs) by using any of the following approaches: • One-way hashes based on strong cryptography, (hash must be of the entire PAN) • Truncation (hashing cannot be used to replace the truncated segment of PAN) • Index tokens and pads (pads must be securely stored) • Strong cryptography with associated key-management processes and procedures. Note: It is a relatively trivial effort for a malicious individual to reconstruct original PAN data if they have access to both the truncated and hashed version of a PAN. Where hashed and truncated versions of the same PAN are present in an entity’s environment, additional controls must be in place to ensure that the hashed and truncated versions cannot be correlated to reconstruct the original PAN.	rds-storage-encrypted	To help protect data at rest, ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) instances. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in Amazon RDS instances, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
3.4	Render PAN unreadable anywhere it is stored (including on portable digital media, backup media, and in logs) by using any of the following approaches: • One-way hashes based on strong cryptography, (hash must be of the entire PAN) • Truncation (hashing cannot be used to replace the truncated segment of PAN) • Index tokens and pads (pads must be securely stored) • Strong cryptography with associated key-management processes and procedures. Note: It is a relatively trivial effort for a malicious individual to reconstruct original PAN data if they have access to both the truncated and hashed version of a PAN. Where hashed and truncated versions of the same PAN are present in an entity’s environment, additional controls must be in place to ensure that the hashed and truncated versions cannot be correlated to reconstruct the original PAN.	redshift-cluster-configuration-check	To protect data at rest, ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Redshift clusters. You must also ensure that required configurations are deployed on Amazon Redshift clusters. The audit logging should be enabled to provide information about connections and user activities in the database. This rule requires that a value is set for clusterDbEncrypted (Config Default : TRUE), and loggingEnabled (Config Default: TRUE). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
3.4	Render PAN unreadable anywhere it is stored (including on portable digital media, backup media, and in logs) by using any of the following approaches: • One-way hashes based on strong cryptography, (hash must be of the entire PAN) • Truncation (hashing cannot be used to replace the truncated segment of PAN) • Index tokens and pads (pads must be securely stored) • Strong cryptography with associated key-management processes and procedures. Note: It is a relatively trivial effort for a malicious individual to reconstruct original PAN data if they have access to both the truncated and hashed version of a PAN. Where hashed and truncated versions of the same PAN are present in an entity’s environment, additional controls must be in place to ensure that the hashed and truncated versions cannot be correlated to reconstruct the original PAN.	s3-bucket-server-side-encryption-enabled	To help protect data at rest, ensure encryption is enabled for your Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in Amazon S3 buckets, enable encryption to help protect that data.
3.4	Render PAN unreadable anywhere it is stored (including on portable digital media, backup media, and in logs) by using any of the following approaches: • One-way hashes based on strong cryptography, (hash must be of the entire PAN) • Truncation (hashing cannot be used to replace the truncated segment of PAN) • Index tokens and pads (pads must be securely stored) • Strong cryptography with associated key-management processes and procedures. Note: It is a relatively trivial effort for a malicious individual to reconstruct original PAN data if they have access to both the truncated and hashed version of a PAN. Where hashed and truncated versions of the same PAN are present in an entity’s environment, additional controls must be in place to ensure that the hashed and truncated versions cannot be correlated to reconstruct the original PAN.	s3-default-encryption-kms	Ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in an Amazon S3 bucket, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
3.4	Render PAN unreadable anywhere it is stored (including on portable digital media, backup media, and in logs) by using any of the following approaches: • One-way hashes based on strong cryptography, (hash must be of the entire PAN) • Truncation (hashing cannot be used to replace the truncated segment of PAN) • Index tokens and pads (pads must be securely stored) • Strong cryptography with associated key-management processes and procedures. Note: It is a relatively trivial effort for a malicious individual to reconstruct original PAN data if they have access to both the truncated and hashed version of a PAN. Where hashed and truncated versions of the same PAN are present in an entity’s environment, additional controls must be in place to ensure that the hashed and truncated versions cannot be correlated to reconstruct the original PAN.	sagemaker-endpoint-configuration-kms-key-configured	To help protect data at rest, ensure encryption with AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) is enabled for your SageMaker endpoint. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in SageMaker endpoint, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
3.4	Render PAN unreadable anywhere it is stored (including on portable digital media, backup media, and in logs) by using any of the following approaches: • One-way hashes based on strong cryptography, (hash must be of the entire PAN) • Truncation (hashing cannot be used to replace the truncated segment of PAN) • Index tokens and pads (pads must be securely stored) • Strong cryptography with associated key-management processes and procedures. Note: It is a relatively trivial effort for a malicious individual to reconstruct original PAN data if they have access to both the truncated and hashed version of a PAN. Where hashed and truncated versions of the same PAN are present in an entity’s environment, additional controls must be in place to ensure that the hashed and truncated versions cannot be correlated to reconstruct the original PAN.	sagemaker-notebook-instance-kms-key-configured	To help protect data at rest, ensure encryption with AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) is enabled for your SageMaker notebook. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in SageMaker notebook, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
3.4	Render PAN unreadable anywhere it is stored (including on portable digital media, backup media, and in logs) by using any of the following approaches: • One-way hashes based on strong cryptography, (hash must be of the entire PAN) • Truncation (hashing cannot be used to replace the truncated segment of PAN) • Index tokens and pads (pads must be securely stored) • Strong cryptography with associated key-management processes and procedures. Note: It is a relatively trivial effort for a malicious individual to reconstruct original PAN data if they have access to both the truncated and hashed version of a PAN. Where hashed and truncated versions of the same PAN are present in an entity’s environment, additional controls must be in place to ensure that the hashed and truncated versions cannot be correlated to reconstruct the original PAN.	sns-encrypted-kms	To help protect data at rest, ensure that your Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topics require encryption using AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). Because sensitive data can exist at rest in published messages, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
3.5.2	Restrict access to cryptographic keys to the fewest number of custodians necessary.	iam-customer-policy-blocked-kms-actions	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you incorporate the principles of least privilege and separation of duties with access permissions and authorizations, restricting policies from containing blocked actions on all AWS Key Management Service keys. Having more privileges than needed to complete a task may violate the principle of least privilege and separation of duties. This rule allows you to set the blockedActionsPatterns parameter. (AWS Foundational Security Best Practices value: kms:Decrypt, kms:ReEncryptFrom). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies
3.5.2	Restrict access to cryptographic keys to the fewest number of custodians necessary.	iam-inline-policy-blocked-kms-actions	Ensure an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) user, IAM role or IAM group does not have an inline policy to allow blocked actions on all AWS Key Management Service keys. AWS recommends to use managed policies instead of inline policies. The managed policies allow reusability, versioning, rolling back, and delegating permissions management. This rule allows you to set the blockedActionsPatterns parameter. (AWS Foundational Security Best Practices value: kms:Decrypt, kms:ReEncryptFrom). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
3.5.3	Store secret and private keys used to encrypt/decrypt cardholder data in one (or more) of the following forms at all times: • Encrypted with a key-encrypting key that is at least as strong as the data- encrypting key, and that is stored separately from the data-encrypting key • Within a secure cryptographic device (such as a hardware (host) security module (HSM) or PTS-approved point-of-interaction device) • As at least two full-length key components or key shares, in accordance with an industry- accepted method Note: It is not required that public keys be stored in one of these forms.	s3-default-encryption-kms	Ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in an Amazon S3 bucket, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
3.5.3	Store secret and private keys used to encrypt/decrypt cardholder data in one (or more) of the following forms at all times: • Encrypted with a key-encrypting key that is at least as strong as the data- encrypting key, and that is stored separately from the data-encrypting key • Within a secure cryptographic device (such as a hardware (host) security module (HSM) or PTS-approved point-of-interaction device) • As at least two full-length key components or key shares, in accordance with an industry- accepted method Note: It is not required that public keys be stored in one of these forms.	sagemaker-endpoint-configuration-kms-key-configured	To help protect data at rest, ensure encryption with AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) is enabled for your SageMaker endpoint. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in SageMaker endpoint, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
3.5.3	Store secret and private keys used to encrypt/decrypt cardholder data in one (or more) of the following forms at all times: • Encrypted with a key-encrypting key that is at least as strong as the data- encrypting key, and that is stored separately from the data-encrypting key • Within a secure cryptographic device (such as a hardware (host) security module (HSM) or PTS-approved point-of-interaction device) • As at least two full-length key components or key shares, in accordance with an industry- accepted method Note: It is not required that public keys be stored in one of these forms.	sagemaker-notebook-instance-kms-key-configured	To help protect data at rest, ensure encryption with AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) is enabled for your SageMaker notebook. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in SageMaker notebook, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
3.6.4	Cryptographic key changes for keys that have reached the end of their cryptoperiod (for example, after a defined period of time has passed and/or after a certain amount of cipher-text has been produced by a given key), as defined by the associated application vendor or key owner, and based on industry best practices and guidelines (for example, NIST Special Publication 800-57).	cmk-backing-key-rotation-enabled	Enable key rotation to ensure that keys are rotated once they have reached the end of their crypto period.
3.6.5	Retirement or replacement (for example, archiving, destruction, and/or revocation) of keys as deemed necessary when the integrity of the key has been weakened (for example, departure of an employee with knowledge of a clear-text key component), or keys are suspected of being compromised. Note: If retired or replaced cryptographic keys need to be retained, these keys must be securely archived (for example, by using a key-encryption key). Archived cryptographic keys should only be used for decryption/verification purposes.	kms-cmk-not-scheduled-for-deletion	To help protect data at rest, ensure necessary customer master keys (CMKs) are not scheduled for deletion in AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). Because key deletion is necessary at times, this rule can assist in checking for all keys scheduled for deletion, in case a key was scheduled unintentionally.
3.6.7	Prevention of unauthorized substitution of cryptographic keys.	kms-cmk-not-scheduled-for-deletion	To help protect data at rest, ensure necessary customer master keys (CMKs) are not scheduled for deletion in AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). Because key deletion is necessary at times, this rule can assist in checking for all keys scheduled for deletion, in case a key was scheduled unintentionally.
4.1	Use strong cryptography and security protocols to safeguard sensitive cardholder data during transmission over open, public networks, including the following: • Only trusted keys and certificates are accepted. • The protocol in use only supports secure versions or configurations. • The encryption strength is appropriate for the encryption methodology in use. Examples of open, public networks include but are not limited to: • The Internet • Wireless technologies, including 802.11 and Bluetooth • Cellular technologies, for example, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Code division multiple access (CDMA) • General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) • Satellite communications	acm-certificate-expiration-check	Ensure network integrity is protected by ensuring X509 certificates are issued by AWS ACM. These certificates must be valid and unexpired. This rule requires a value for daysToExpiration (AWS Foundational Security Best Practices value: 90). The actual value should reflect your organization's policies.
4.1	Use strong cryptography and security protocols to safeguard sensitive cardholder data during transmission over open, public networks, including the following: • Only trusted keys and certificates are accepted. • The protocol in use only supports secure versions or configurations. • The encryption strength is appropriate for the encryption methodology in use. Examples of open, public networks include but are not limited to: • The Internet • Wireless technologies, including 802.11 and Bluetooth • Cellular technologies, for example, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Code division multiple access (CDMA) • General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) • Satellite communications	alb-http-to-https-redirection-check	To help protect data in transit, ensure that your Application Load Balancer automatically redirects unencrypted HTTP requests to HTTPS. Because sensitive data can exist, enable encryption in transit to help protect that data.
4.1	Use strong cryptography and security protocols to safeguard sensitive cardholder data during transmission over open, public networks, including the following: • Only trusted keys and certificates are accepted. • The protocol in use only supports secure versions or configurations. • The encryption strength is appropriate for the encryption methodology in use. Examples of open, public networks include but are not limited to: • The Internet • Wireless technologies, including 802.11 and Bluetooth • Cellular technologies, for example, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Code division multiple access (CDMA) • General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) • Satellite communications	api-gw-ssl-enabled	Ensure Amazon API Gateway REST API stages are configured with SSL certificates to allow backend systems to authenticate that requests originate from API Gateway.
4.1	Use strong cryptography and security protocols to safeguard sensitive cardholder data during transmission over open, public networks, including the following: • Only trusted keys and certificates are accepted. • The protocol in use only supports secure versions or configurations. • The encryption strength is appropriate for the encryption methodology in use. Examples of open, public networks include but are not limited to: • The Internet • Wireless technologies, including 802.11 and Bluetooth • Cellular technologies, for example, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Code division multiple access (CDMA) • General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) • Satellite communications	elasticsearch-node-to-node-encryption-check	Ensure node-to-node encryption for Amazon OpenSearch Service is enabled. Node-to-node encryption enables TLS 1.2 encryption for all communications within the Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). Because sensitive data can exist, enable encryption in transit to help protect that data.
4.1	Use strong cryptography and security protocols to safeguard sensitive cardholder data during transmission over open, public networks, including the following: • Only trusted keys and certificates are accepted. • The protocol in use only supports secure versions or configurations. • The encryption strength is appropriate for the encryption methodology in use. Examples of open, public networks include but are not limited to: • The Internet • Wireless technologies, including 802.11 and Bluetooth • Cellular technologies, for example, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Code division multiple access (CDMA) • General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) • Satellite communications	elb-tls-https-listeners-only	Ensure that your Elastic Load Balancers (ELBs) are configured with SSL or HTTPS listeners. Because sensitive data can exist, enable encryption in transit to help protect that data.
4.1	Use strong cryptography and security protocols to safeguard sensitive cardholder data during transmission over open, public networks, including the following: • Only trusted keys and certificates are accepted. • The protocol in use only supports secure versions or configurations. • The encryption strength is appropriate for the encryption methodology in use. Examples of open, public networks include but are not limited to: • The Internet • Wireless technologies, including 802.11 and Bluetooth • Cellular technologies, for example, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Code division multiple access (CDMA) • General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) • Satellite communications	elbv2-acm-certificate-required	Because sensitive data can exist and to help protect data at transit, ensure encryption is enabled for your Elastic Load Balancing. Use AWS Certificate Manager to manage, provision and deploy public and private SSL/TLS certificates with AWS services and internal resources.
4.1	Use strong cryptography and security protocols to safeguard sensitive cardholder data during transmission over open, public networks, including the following: • Only trusted keys and certificates are accepted. • The protocol in use only supports secure versions or configurations. • The encryption strength is appropriate for the encryption methodology in use. Examples of open, public networks include but are not limited to: • The Internet • Wireless technologies, including 802.11 and Bluetooth • Cellular technologies, for example, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Code division multiple access (CDMA) • General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) • Satellite communications	opensearch-https-required	Because sensitive data can exist and to help protect data in transit, ensure HTTPS is enabled for connections to your Amazon OpenSearch Service domains.
4.1	Use strong cryptography and security protocols to safeguard sensitive cardholder data during transmission over open, public networks, including the following: • Only trusted keys and certificates are accepted. • The protocol in use only supports secure versions or configurations. • The encryption strength is appropriate for the encryption methodology in use. Examples of open, public networks include but are not limited to: • The Internet • Wireless technologies, including 802.11 and Bluetooth • Cellular technologies, for example, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Code division multiple access (CDMA) • General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) • Satellite communications	opensearch-node-to-node-encryption-check	Ensure node-to-node encryption for Amazon OpenSearch Service is enabled. Node-to-node encryption enables TLS 1.2 encryption for all communications within the Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). Because sensitive data can exist, enable encryption in transit to help protect that data.
4.1	Use strong cryptography and security protocols to safeguard sensitive cardholder data during transmission over open, public networks, including the following: • Only trusted keys and certificates are accepted. • The protocol in use only supports secure versions or configurations. • The encryption strength is appropriate for the encryption methodology in use. Examples of open, public networks include but are not limited to: • The Internet • Wireless technologies, including 802.11 and Bluetooth • Cellular technologies, for example, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Code division multiple access (CDMA) • General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) • Satellite communications	redshift-require-tls-ssl	Ensure that your Amazon Redshift clusters require TLS/SSL encryption to connect to SQL clients. Because sensitive data can exist, enable encryption in transit to help protect that data.
4.1	Use strong cryptography and security protocols to safeguard sensitive cardholder data during transmission over open, public networks, including the following: • Only trusted keys and certificates are accepted. • The protocol in use only supports secure versions or configurations. • The encryption strength is appropriate for the encryption methodology in use. Examples of open, public networks include but are not limited to: • The Internet • Wireless technologies, including 802.11 and Bluetooth • Cellular technologies, for example, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Code division multiple access (CDMA) • General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) • Satellite communications	s3-bucket-ssl-requests-only	To help protect data in transit, ensure that your Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets require requests to use Secure Socket Layer (SSL). Because sensitive data can exist, enable encryption in transit to help protect that data.
6.2	Ensure that all system components and software are protected from known vulnerabilities by installing applicable vendor- supplied security patches. Install critical security patches within one month of release. Note: Critical security patches should be identified according to the risk ranking process defined in Requirement 6.1.	elastic-beanstalk-managed-updates-enabled	Enabling managed platform updates for an Amazon Elastic Beanstalk environment ensures that the latest available platform fixes, updates, and features for the environment are installed. Keeping up to date with patch installation is a best practice in securing systems.
6.2	Ensure that all system components and software are protected from known vulnerabilities by installing applicable vendor- supplied security patches. Install critical security patches within one month of release. Note: Critical security patches should be identified according to the risk ranking process defined in Requirement 6.1.	ec2-managedinstance-association-compliance-status-check	Use AWS Systems Manager Associations to help with inventory of software platforms and applications within an organization. AWS Systems Manager assigns a configuration state to your managed instances and allows you to set baselines of operating system patch levels, software installations, application configurations, and other details about your environment.
6.2	Ensure that all system components and software are protected from known vulnerabilities by installing applicable vendor- supplied security patches. Install critical security patches within one month of release. Note: Critical security patches should be identified according to the risk ranking process defined in Requirement 6.1.	ec2-managedinstance-patch-compliance-status-check	Enable this rule to help with identification and documentation of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) vulnerabilities. The rule checks if Amazon EC2 instance patch compliance in AWS Systems Manager as required by your organization's policies and procedures.
6.2	Ensure that all system components and software are protected from known vulnerabilities by installing applicable vendor- supplied security patches. Install critical security patches within one month of release. Note: Critical security patches should be identified according to the risk ranking process defined in Requirement 6.1.	ecs-fargate-latest-platform-version	Security updates and patches are deployed automatically for your AWS Fargate tasks. If a security issue is found that affects an AWS Fargate platform version, AWS patches the platform version. To assist in patch management of your Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) tasks running AWS Fargate, update your services standalone tasks to use the most recent platform version.
6.2	Ensure that all system components and software are protected from known vulnerabilities by installing applicable vendor- supplied security patches. Install critical security patches within one month of release. Note: Critical security patches should be identified according to the risk ranking process defined in Requirement 6.1.	rds-automatic-minor-version-upgrade-enabled	Enable automatic minor version upgrades on your Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) instances to ensure the latest minor version updates to the Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) are installed, which may include security patches and bug fixes.
6.2	Ensure that all system components and software are protected from known vulnerabilities by installing applicable vendor- supplied security patches. Install critical security patches within one month of release. Note: Critical security patches should be identified according to the risk ranking process defined in Requirement 6.1.	redshift-cluster-maintenancesettings-check	This rule ensures that Amazon Redshift clusters have the preferred settings for your organization. Specifically, that they have preferred maintenance windows and automated snapshot retention periods for the database. This rule requires you to set the allowVersionUpgrade. The default is true. It also lets you optionally set the preferredMaintenanceWindow (the default is sat:16:00-sat:16:30), and the automatedSnapshotRetentionPeriod (the default is 1). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
6.3.2	Review custom code prior to release to production or customers in order to identify any potential coding vulnerability (using either manual or automated processes) to include at least the following: • Code changes are reviewed by individuals other than the originating code author, and by individuals knowledgeable about code-review techniques and secure coding practices. • Code reviews ensure code is developed according to secure coding guidelines • Appropriate corrections are implemented prior to release. • Code-review results are reviewed and approved by management prior to release. (Continued on next page)	ecr-private-image-scanning-enabled	Amazon Elastic Container Repository (ECR) image scanning assists in identifying software vulnerabilities in your container images. Enabling image scanning on ECR repositories adds a layer of verification for the integrity and safety of the images being stored.
6.6	For public-facing web applications, address new threats and vulnerabilities on an ongoing basis and ensure these applications are protected against known attacks by either of the following methods: • Reviewing public-facing web applications via manual or automated application vulnerability security assessment tools or methods, at least annually and after any changes Note: This assessment is not the same as the vulnerability scans performed for Requirement 11.2. • Installing an automated technical solution that detects and prevents web- based attacks (for example, a web- application firewall) in front of public- facing web applications, to continually check all traffic.	alb-desync-mode-check	To assist in protecting applications for HTTP Desync vulnerabilities, ensure HTTP Desync mitigation mode is enabled on your application load balancers. HTTP Desync issues can lead to request smuggling and make your applications vulnerable to request queue or cache poisoning. Desync mitigation modes are monitor, defensive, and strictest. Defensive is the default mode.
6.6	For public-facing web applications, address new threats and vulnerabilities on an ongoing basis and ensure these applications are protected against known attacks by either of the following methods: • Reviewing public-facing web applications via manual or automated application vulnerability security assessment tools or methods, at least annually and after any changes Note: This assessment is not the same as the vulnerability scans performed for Requirement 11.2. • Installing an automated technical solution that detects and prevents web- based attacks (for example, a web- application firewall) in front of public- facing web applications, to continually check all traffic.	alb-waf-enabled	Ensure AWS WAF is enabled on Elastic Load Balancers (ELB) to help protect web applications. A WAF helps to protect your web applications or APIs against common web exploits. These web exploits may affect availability, compromise security, or consume excessive resources within your environment.
6.6	For public-facing web applications, address new threats and vulnerabilities on an ongoing basis and ensure these applications are protected against known attacks by either of the following methods: • Reviewing public-facing web applications via manual or automated application vulnerability security assessment tools or methods, at least annually and after any changes Note: This assessment is not the same as the vulnerability scans performed for Requirement 11.2. • Installing an automated technical solution that detects and prevents web- based attacks (for example, a web- application firewall) in front of public- facing web applications, to continually check all traffic.	api-gw-associated-with-waf	AWS WAF enables you to configure a set of rules (called a web access control list (web ACL)) that allow, block, or count web requests based on customizable web security rules and conditions that you define. Ensure your Amazon API Gateway stage is associated with a WAF Web ACL to protect it from malicious attacks
6.6	For public-facing web applications, address new threats and vulnerabilities on an ongoing basis and ensure these applications are protected against known attacks by either of the following methods: • Reviewing public-facing web applications via manual or automated application vulnerability security assessment tools or methods, at least annually and after any changes Note: This assessment is not the same as the vulnerability scans performed for Requirement 11.2. • Installing an automated technical solution that detects and prevents web- based attacks (for example, a web- application firewall) in front of public- facing web applications, to continually check all traffic.	waf-regional-rule-not-empty	Ensure your AWS WAF has a rule that is not empty. A rule with no conditions could result in unintended behavior.
6.6	For public-facing web applications, address new threats and vulnerabilities on an ongoing basis and ensure these applications are protected against known attacks by either of the following methods: • Reviewing public-facing web applications via manual or automated application vulnerability security assessment tools or methods, at least annually and after any changes Note: This assessment is not the same as the vulnerability scans performed for Requirement 11.2. • Installing an automated technical solution that detects and prevents web- based attacks (for example, a web- application firewall) in front of public- facing web applications, to continually check all traffic.	waf-regional-rulegroup-not-empty	Ensure your AWS WAF has a rule group that is not empty. A rule group that is empty could result in unintended behavior.
6.6	For public-facing web applications, address new threats and vulnerabilities on an ongoing basis and ensure these applications are protected against known attacks by either of the following methods: • Reviewing public-facing web applications via manual or automated application vulnerability security assessment tools or methods, at least annually and after any changes Note: This assessment is not the same as the vulnerability scans performed for Requirement 11.2. • Installing an automated technical solution that detects and prevents web- based attacks (for example, a web- application firewall) in front of public- facing web applications, to continually check all traffic.	waf-regional-webacl-not-empty	A Web ACL attached to an AWS WAF can contain a collection of rules and rule groups to inspect and control web requests. If a Web ACL is empty, the web traffic passes without being detected or acted upon by the WAF.
7.1.1	Define access needs for each role, including: • System components and data resources that each role needs to access for their job function • Level of privilege required (for example, user, administrator, etc.) for accessing resources.	ecs-task-definition-nonroot-user	To assist with implementing the principle of least privilege, ensure that a non-root user is designated for access to your Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) task definitions.
7.1.1	Define access needs for each role, including: • System components and data resources that each role needs to access for their job function • Level of privilege required (for example, user, administrator, etc.) for accessing resources.	s3-bucket-acl-prohibited	This rule checks to see if Access Control Lists (ACLs) are used to for access control on Amazon S3 Buckets. ACLs are legacy access control mechanisms for Amazon S3 buckets that predate AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM). Instead of ACLs, it is a best practice to use IAM policies or S3 bucket policies to more easily manage access to your S3 buckets.
7.1.1	Define access needs for each role, including: • System components and data resources that each role needs to access for their job function • Level of privilege required (for example, user, administrator, etc.) for accessing resources.	ecs-containers-nonprivileged	To assist with implementing the principle of least privilege, Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) task definitions should not have elevated privilege enabled. When this parameter is true, the container is given elevated privileges on the host container instance (similar to the root user).
7.1.1	Define access needs for each role, including: • System components and data resources that each role needs to access for their job function • Level of privilege required (for example, user, administrator, etc.) for accessing resources.	ecs-containers-readonly-access	Enabling read only access to Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) containers can assist in adhering to the principal of least privilege. This option can reduces attack vectors as the container instance’s filesystem cannot be modified unless it has explicit read-write permissions.
7.1.1	Define access needs for each role, including: • System components and data resources that each role needs to access for their job function • Level of privilege required (for example, user, administrator, etc.) for accessing resources.	efs-access-point-enforce-root-directory	Enforcing a root directory for an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) access point helps restrict data access by ensuring that users of the access point can only reach files of the specified subdirectory.
7.1.1	Define access needs for each role, including: • System components and data resources that each role needs to access for their job function • Level of privilege required (for example, user, administrator, etc.) for accessing resources.	efs-access-point-enforce-user-identity	To assist with implementing the principle of least privilege, ensure user enforcement is enabled for your Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) .When enabled, Amazon EFS replaces the NFS client's user and group IDs with the identity configured on the access point for all file system operations and only grants access to this enforced user identity.
7.1.1	Define access needs for each role, including: • System components and data resources that each role needs to access for their job function • Level of privilege required (for example, user, administrator, etc.) for accessing resources.	emr-kerberos-enabled	The access permissions and authorizations can be managed and incorporated with the principles of least privilege and separation of duties, by enabling Kerberos for Amazon EMR clusters. In Kerberos, the services and the users that need to authenticate are known as principals. The principals exist within a Kerberos realm. Within the realm, a Kerberos server is known as the key distribution center (KDC). It provides a means for the principals to authenticate. The KDC authenticates by issuing tickets for authentication. The KDC maintains a database of the principals within its realm, their passwords, and other administrative information about each principal.
7.1.1	Define access needs for each role, including: • System components and data resources that each role needs to access for their job function • Level of privilege required (for example, user, administrator, etc.) for accessing resources.	iam-customer-policy-blocked-kms-actions	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you incorporate the principles of least privilege and separation of duties with access permissions and authorizations, restricting policies from containing blocked actions on all AWS Key Management Service keys. Having more privileges than needed to complete a task may violate the principle of least privilege and separation of duties. This rule allows you to set the blockedActionsPatterns parameter. (AWS Foundational Security Best Practices value: kms:Decrypt, kms:ReEncryptFrom). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies
7.1.1	Define access needs for each role, including: • System components and data resources that each role needs to access for their job function • Level of privilege required (for example, user, administrator, etc.) for accessing resources.	iam-group-has-users-check	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you incorporate the principles of least privilege and separation of duties with access permissions and authorizations, by ensuring that IAM groups have at least one user. Placing users in groups based on their associated permissions or job function is one way to incorporate least privilege.
7.1.1	Define access needs for each role, including: • System components and data resources that each role needs to access for their job function • Level of privilege required (for example, user, administrator, etc.) for accessing resources.	iam-inline-policy-blocked-kms-actions	Ensure an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) user, IAM role or IAM group does not have an inline policy to allow blocked actions on all AWS Key Management Service keys. AWS recommends to use managed policies instead of inline policies. The managed policies allow reusability, versioning, rolling back, and delegating permissions management. This rule allows you to set the blockedActionsPatterns parameter. (AWS Foundational Security Best Practices value: kms:Decrypt, kms:ReEncryptFrom). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
7.1.1	Define access needs for each role, including: • System components and data resources that each role needs to access for their job function • Level of privilege required (for example, user, administrator, etc.) for accessing resources.	iam-no-inline-policy-check	Ensure an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) user, IAM role or IAM group does not have an inline policy to control access to systems and assets. AWS recommends to use managed policies instead of inline policies. The managed policies allow reusability, versioning and rolling back, and delegating permissions management.
7.1.1	Define access needs for each role, including: • System components and data resources that each role needs to access for their job function • Level of privilege required (for example, user, administrator, etc.) for accessing resources.	iam-policy-no-statements-with-admin-access	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you incorporate the principles of least privilege and separation of duties with access permissions and authorizations, restricting policies from containing "Effect": "Allow" with "Action": "*" over "Resource": "*". Allowing users to have more privileges than needed to complete a task may violate the principle of least privilege and separation of duties.
7.1.1	Define access needs for each role, including: • System components and data resources that each role needs to access for their job function • Level of privilege required (for example, user, administrator, etc.) for accessing resources.	iam-policy-no-statements-with-full-access	Ensure IAM Actions are restricted to only those actions that are needed. Allowing users to have more privileges than needed to complete a task may violate the principle of least privilege and separation of duties.
7.1.1	Define access needs for each role, including: • System components and data resources that each role needs to access for their job function • Level of privilege required (for example, user, administrator, etc.) for accessing resources.	iam-root-access-key-check	Access to systems and assets can be controlled by checking that the root user does not have access keys attached to their AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) role. Ensure that the root access keys are deleted. Instead, create and use role-based AWS accounts to help to incorporate the principle of least functionality.
7.1.1	Define access needs for each role, including: • System components and data resources that each role needs to access for their job function • Level of privilege required (for example, user, administrator, etc.) for accessing resources.	iam-user-group-membership-check	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you restrict access permissions and authorizations, by ensuring users are members of at least one group. Allowing users more privileges than needed to complete a task may violate the principle of least privilege and separation of duties.
7.1.1	Define access needs for each role, including: • System components and data resources that each role needs to access for their job function • Level of privilege required (for example, user, administrator, etc.) for accessing resources.	iam-user-no-policies-check	This rule ensures AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) policies are attached only to groups or roles to control access to systems and assets. Assigning privileges at the group or the role level helps to reduce opportunity for an identity to receive or retain excessive privileges.
7.1.1	Define access needs for each role, including: • System components and data resources that each role needs to access for their job function • Level of privilege required (for example, user, administrator, etc.) for accessing resources.	opensearch-access-control-enabled	Ensure fine-grained access control is enabled on your Amazon OpenSearch Service domains. Fine-grained access control provides enhanced authorization mechanisms to achieve least-privileged access to Amazon OpenSearch Service domains. It allows for role-based access control to the domain, as well as index, document, and field-level security, support for OpenSearch Service dashboards multi-tenancy, and HTTP basic authentication for OpenSearch Service and Kibana.
7.1.2	Restrict access to privileged user IDs to least privileges necessary to perform job responsibilities.	iam-customer-policy-blocked-kms-actions	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you incorporate the principles of least privilege and separation of duties with access permissions and authorizations, restricting policies from containing blocked actions on all AWS Key Management Service keys. Having more privileges than needed to complete a task may violate the principle of least privilege and separation of duties. This rule allows you to set the blockedActionsPatterns parameter. (AWS Foundational Security Best Practices value: kms:Decrypt, kms:ReEncryptFrom). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies
7.1.2	Restrict access to privileged user IDs to least privileges necessary to perform job responsibilities.	iam-group-has-users-check	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you incorporate the principles of least privilege and separation of duties with access permissions and authorizations, by ensuring that IAM groups have at least one user. Placing users in groups based on their associated permissions or job function is one way to incorporate least privilege.
7.1.2	Restrict access to privileged user IDs to least privileges necessary to perform job responsibilities.	iam-inline-policy-blocked-kms-actions	Ensure an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) user, IAM role or IAM group does not have an inline policy to allow blocked actions on all AWS Key Management Service keys. AWS recommends to use managed policies instead of inline policies. The managed policies allow reusability, versioning, rolling back, and delegating permissions management. This rule allows you to set the blockedActionsPatterns parameter. (AWS Foundational Security Best Practices value: kms:Decrypt, kms:ReEncryptFrom). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
7.1.2	Restrict access to privileged user IDs to least privileges necessary to perform job responsibilities.	iam-no-inline-policy-check	Ensure an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) user, IAM role or IAM group does not have an inline policy to control access to systems and assets. AWS recommends to use managed policies instead of inline policies. The managed policies allow reusability, versioning and rolling back, and delegating permissions management.
7.1.2	Restrict access to privileged user IDs to least privileges necessary to perform job responsibilities.	iam-policy-no-statements-with-admin-access	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you incorporate the principles of least privilege and separation of duties with access permissions and authorizations, restricting policies from containing "Effect": "Allow" with "Action": "*" over "Resource": "*". Allowing users to have more privileges than needed to complete a task may violate the principle of least privilege and separation of duties.
7.1.2	Restrict access to privileged user IDs to least privileges necessary to perform job responsibilities.	iam-policy-no-statements-with-full-access	Ensure IAM Actions are restricted to only those actions that are needed. Allowing users to have more privileges than needed to complete a task may violate the principle of least privilege and separation of duties.
7.1.2	Restrict access to privileged user IDs to least privileges necessary to perform job responsibilities.	iam-root-access-key-check	Access to systems and assets can be controlled by checking that the root user does not have access keys attached to their AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) role. Ensure that the root access keys are deleted. Instead, create and use role-based AWS accounts to help to incorporate the principle of least functionality.
7.1.2	Restrict access to privileged user IDs to least privileges necessary to perform job responsibilities.	iam-user-group-membership-check	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you restrict access permissions and authorizations, by ensuring users are members of at least one group. Allowing users more privileges than needed to complete a task may violate the principle of least privilege and separation of duties.
7.1.2	Restrict access to privileged user IDs to least privileges necessary to perform job responsibilities.	iam-user-no-policies-check	This rule ensures AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) policies are attached only to groups or roles to control access to systems and assets. Assigning privileges at the group or the role level helps to reduce opportunity for an identity to receive or retain excessive privileges.
7.2.1	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to "deny all" unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Coverage of all system components	ecs-containers-nonprivileged	To assist with implementing the principle of least privilege, Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) task definitions should not have elevated privilege enabled. When this parameter is true, the container is given elevated privileges on the host container instance (similar to the root user).
7.2.1	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to "deny all" unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Coverage of all system components	ecs-containers-readonly-access	Enabling read only access to Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) containers can assist in adhering to the principal of least privilege. This option can reduces attack vectors as the container instance’s filesystem cannot be modified unless it has explicit read-write permissions.
7.2.1	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to "deny all" unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Coverage of all system components	efs-access-point-enforce-root-directory	Enforcing a root directory for an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) access point helps restrict data access by ensuring that users of the access point can only reach files of the specified subdirectory.
7.2.1	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to "deny all" unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Coverage of all system components	efs-access-point-enforce-user-identity	To assist with implementing the principle of least privilege, ensure user enforcement is enabled for your Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) .When enabled, Amazon EFS replaces the NFS client's user and group IDs with the identity configured on the access point for all file system operations and only grants access to this enforced user identity.
7.2.1	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to "deny all" unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Coverage of all system components	emr-kerberos-enabled	The access permissions and authorizations can be managed and incorporated with the principles of least privilege and separation of duties, by enabling Kerberos for Amazon EMR clusters. In Kerberos, the services and the users that need to authenticate are known as principals. The principals exist within a Kerberos realm. Within the realm, a Kerberos server is known as the key distribution center (KDC). It provides a means for the principals to authenticate. The KDC authenticates by issuing tickets for authentication. The KDC maintains a database of the principals within its realm, their passwords, and other administrative information about each principal.
7.2.1	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to "deny all" unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Coverage of all system components	iam-customer-policy-blocked-kms-actions	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you incorporate the principles of least privilege and separation of duties with access permissions and authorizations, restricting policies from containing blocked actions on all AWS Key Management Service keys. Having more privileges than needed to complete a task may violate the principle of least privilege and separation of duties. This rule allows you to set the blockedActionsPatterns parameter. (AWS Foundational Security Best Practices value: kms:Decrypt, kms:ReEncryptFrom). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies
7.2.1	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to "deny all" unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Coverage of all system components	iam-group-has-users-check	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you incorporate the principles of least privilege and separation of duties with access permissions and authorizations, by ensuring that IAM groups have at least one user. Placing users in groups based on their associated permissions or job function is one way to incorporate least privilege.
7.2.1	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to "deny all" unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Coverage of all system components	iam-inline-policy-blocked-kms-actions	Ensure an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) user, IAM role or IAM group does not have an inline policy to allow blocked actions on all AWS Key Management Service keys. AWS recommends to use managed policies instead of inline policies. The managed policies allow reusability, versioning, rolling back, and delegating permissions management. This rule allows you to set the blockedActionsPatterns parameter. (AWS Foundational Security Best Practices value: kms:Decrypt, kms:ReEncryptFrom). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
7.2.1	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to "deny all" unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Coverage of all system components	iam-no-inline-policy-check	Ensure an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) user, IAM role or IAM group does not have an inline policy to control access to systems and assets. AWS recommends to use managed policies instead of inline policies. The managed policies allow reusability, versioning and rolling back, and delegating permissions management.
7.2.1	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to "deny all" unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Coverage of all system components	iam-policy-no-statements-with-admin-access	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you incorporate the principles of least privilege and separation of duties with access permissions and authorizations, restricting policies from containing "Effect": "Allow" with "Action": "*" over "Resource": "*". Allowing users to have more privileges than needed to complete a task may violate the principle of least privilege and separation of duties.
7.2.1	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to "deny all" unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Coverage of all system components	iam-policy-no-statements-with-full-access	Ensure IAM Actions are restricted to only those actions that are needed. Allowing users to have more privileges than needed to complete a task may violate the principle of least privilege and separation of duties.
7.2.1	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to "deny all" unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Coverage of all system components	iam-root-access-key-check	Access to systems and assets can be controlled by checking that the root user does not have access keys attached to their AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) role. Ensure that the root access keys are deleted. Instead, create and use role-based AWS accounts to help to incorporate the principle of least functionality.
7.2.1	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to "deny all" unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Coverage of all system components	iam-user-group-membership-check	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you restrict access permissions and authorizations, by ensuring users are members of at least one group. Allowing users more privileges than needed to complete a task may violate the principle of least privilege and separation of duties.
7.2.1	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to "deny all" unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Coverage of all system components	iam-user-no-policies-check	This rule ensures AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) policies are attached only to groups or roles to control access to systems and assets. Assigning privileges at the group or the role level helps to reduce opportunity for an identity to receive or retain excessive privileges.
7.2.1	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to "deny all" unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Coverage of all system components	opensearch-access-control-enabled	Ensure fine-grained access control is enabled on your Amazon OpenSearch Service domains. Fine-grained access control provides enhanced authorization mechanisms to achieve least-privileged access to Amazon OpenSearch Service domains. It allows for role-based access control to the domain, as well as index, document, and field-level security, support for OpenSearch Service dashboards multi-tenancy, and HTTP basic authentication for OpenSearch Service and Kibana.
7.2.2	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to “deny all” unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Assignment of privileges to individuals based on job classification and function.	ecs-containers-nonprivileged	To assist with implementing the principle of least privilege, Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) task definitions should not have elevated privilege enabled. When this parameter is true, the container is given elevated privileges on the host container instance (similar to the root user).
7.2.2	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to “deny all” unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Assignment of privileges to individuals based on job classification and function.	ecs-containers-readonly-access	Enabling read only access to Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) containers can assist in adhering to the principal of least privilege. This option can reduces attack vectors as the container instance’s filesystem cannot be modified unless it has explicit read-write permissions.
7.2.2	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to “deny all” unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Assignment of privileges to individuals based on job classification and function.	efs-access-point-enforce-root-directory	Enforcing a root directory for an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) access point helps restrict data access by ensuring that users of the access point can only reach files of the specified subdirectory.
7.2.2	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to “deny all” unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Assignment of privileges to individuals based on job classification and function.	efs-access-point-enforce-user-identity	To assist with implementing the principle of least privilege, ensure user enforcement is enabled for your Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) .When enabled, Amazon EFS replaces the NFS client's user and group IDs with the identity configured on the access point for all file system operations and only grants access to this enforced user identity.
7.2.2	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to “deny all” unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Assignment of privileges to individuals based on job classification and function.	emr-kerberos-enabled	The access permissions and authorizations can be managed and incorporated with the principles of least privilege and separation of duties, by enabling Kerberos for Amazon EMR clusters. In Kerberos, the services and the users that need to authenticate are known as principals. The principals exist within a Kerberos realm. Within the realm, a Kerberos server is known as the key distribution center (KDC). It provides a means for the principals to authenticate. The KDC authenticates by issuing tickets for authentication. The KDC maintains a database of the principals within its realm, their passwords, and other administrative information about each principal.
7.2.2	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to “deny all” unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Assignment of privileges to individuals based on job classification and function.	iam-customer-policy-blocked-kms-actions	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you incorporate the principles of least privilege and separation of duties with access permissions and authorizations, restricting policies from containing blocked actions on all AWS Key Management Service keys. Having more privileges than needed to complete a task may violate the principle of least privilege and separation of duties. This rule allows you to set the blockedActionsPatterns parameter. (AWS Foundational Security Best Practices value: kms:Decrypt, kms:ReEncryptFrom). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies
7.2.2	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to “deny all” unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Assignment of privileges to individuals based on job classification and function.	iam-group-has-users-check	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you incorporate the principles of least privilege and separation of duties with access permissions and authorizations, by ensuring that IAM groups have at least one user. Placing users in groups based on their associated permissions or job function is one way to incorporate least privilege.
7.2.2	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to “deny all” unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Assignment of privileges to individuals based on job classification and function.	iam-inline-policy-blocked-kms-actions	Ensure an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) user, IAM role or IAM group does not have an inline policy to allow blocked actions on all AWS Key Management Service keys. AWS recommends to use managed policies instead of inline policies. The managed policies allow reusability, versioning, rolling back, and delegating permissions management. This rule allows you to set the blockedActionsPatterns parameter. (AWS Foundational Security Best Practices value: kms:Decrypt, kms:ReEncryptFrom). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
7.2.2	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to “deny all” unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Assignment of privileges to individuals based on job classification and function.	iam-no-inline-policy-check	Ensure an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) user, IAM role or IAM group does not have an inline policy to control access to systems and assets. AWS recommends to use managed policies instead of inline policies. The managed policies allow reusability, versioning and rolling back, and delegating permissions management.
7.2.2	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to “deny all” unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Assignment of privileges to individuals based on job classification and function.	iam-policy-no-statements-with-admin-access	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you incorporate the principles of least privilege and separation of duties with access permissions and authorizations, restricting policies from containing "Effect": "Allow" with "Action": "*" over "Resource": "*". Allowing users to have more privileges than needed to complete a task may violate the principle of least privilege and separation of duties.
7.2.2	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to “deny all” unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Assignment of privileges to individuals based on job classification and function.	iam-policy-no-statements-with-full-access	Ensure IAM Actions are restricted to only those actions that are needed. Allowing users to have more privileges than needed to complete a task may violate the principle of least privilege and separation of duties.
7.2.2	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to “deny all” unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Assignment of privileges to individuals based on job classification and function.	iam-root-access-key-check	Access to systems and assets can be controlled by checking that the root user does not have access keys attached to their AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) role. Ensure that the root access keys are deleted. Instead, create and use role-based AWS accounts to help to incorporate the principle of least functionality.
7.2.2	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to “deny all” unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Assignment of privileges to individuals based on job classification and function.	iam-user-group-membership-check	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you restrict access permissions and authorizations, by ensuring users are members of at least one group. Allowing users more privileges than needed to complete a task may violate the principle of least privilege and separation of duties.
7.2.2	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to “deny all” unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Assignment of privileges to individuals based on job classification and function.	iam-user-no-policies-check	This rule ensures AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) policies are attached only to groups or roles to control access to systems and assets. Assigning privileges at the group or the role level helps to reduce opportunity for an identity to receive or retain excessive privileges.
7.2.2	Establish an access control system(s) for systems components that restricts access based on a user’s need to know, and is set to “deny all” unless specifically allowed. This access control system(s) must include the following: Assignment of privileges to individuals based on job classification and function.	opensearch-access-control-enabled	Ensure fine-grained access control is enabled on your Amazon OpenSearch Service domains. Fine-grained access control provides enhanced authorization mechanisms to achieve least-privileged access to Amazon OpenSearch Service domains. It allows for role-based access control to the domain, as well as index, document, and field-level security, support for OpenSearch Service dashboards multi-tenancy, and HTTP basic authentication for OpenSearch Service and Kibana.
7.2.3	Default “deny-all” setting.	s3-bucket-acl-prohibited	This rule checks to see if Access Control Lists (ACLs) are used to for access control on Amazon S3 Buckets. ACLs are legacy access control mechanisms for Amazon S3 buckets that predate AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM). Instead of ACLs, it is a best practice to use IAM policies or S3 bucket policies to more easily manage access to your S3 buckets.
8.1.1	Assign all users a unique ID before allowing them to access system components or cardholder data.	iam-root-access-key-check	Access to systems and assets can be controlled by checking that the root user does not have access keys attached to their AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) role. Ensure that the root access keys are deleted. Instead, create and use role-based AWS accounts to help to incorporate the principle of least functionality.
8.1.4	Remove/disable inactive user accounts within 90 days.	iam-user-unused-credentials-check	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) can help you with access permissions and authorizations by checking for IAM passwords and access keys that are not used for a specified time period. If these unused credentials are identified, you should disable and/or remove the credentials, as this may violate the principle of least privilege. This rule requires you to set a value to the maxCredentialUsageAge (Config Default: 90). The actual value should reflect your organization's policies.
8.2.1	Using strong cryptography, render all authentication credentials (such as passwords/phrases) unreadable during transmission and storage on all system components.	codebuild-project-environment-privileged-check	To assist with implementing the principle of least privilege, ensure your Amazon CodeBuild project environment does not have privileged mode enabled. This setting should be disabled to prevent unintended access to Docker APIs as well as the container’s underlying hardware.
8.2.1	Using strong cryptography, render all authentication credentials (such as passwords/phrases) unreadable during transmission and storage on all system components.	ecs-no-environment-secrets	As a security best practice, pass sensitive information to containers as environment variables. You can securely inject data into your Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) containers by referencing values stored in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store or AWS Secrets Manager in the container definition of an Amazon ECS task definition. Then, you can expose your sensitive information as environment variables or in the log configuration of a container.
8.2.1	Using strong cryptography, render all authentication credentials (such as passwords/phrases) unreadable during transmission and storage on all system components.	alb-http-to-https-redirection-check	To help protect data in transit, ensure that your Application Load Balancer automatically redirects unencrypted HTTP requests to HTTPS. Because sensitive data can exist, enable encryption in transit to help protect that data.
8.2.1	Using strong cryptography, render all authentication credentials (such as passwords/phrases) unreadable during transmission and storage on all system components.	api-gw-ssl-enabled	Ensure Amazon API Gateway REST API stages are configured with SSL certificates to allow backend systems to authenticate that requests originate from API Gateway.
8.2.1	Using strong cryptography, render all authentication credentials (such as passwords/phrases) unreadable during transmission and storage on all system components.	ec2-ebs-encryption-by-default	To help protect data at rest, ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in these volumes, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
8.2.1	Using strong cryptography, render all authentication credentials (such as passwords/phrases) unreadable during transmission and storage on all system components.	efs-encrypted-check	Because sensitive data can exist and to help protect data at rest, ensure encryption is enabled for your Amazon Elastic File System (EFS).
8.2.1	Using strong cryptography, render all authentication credentials (such as passwords/phrases) unreadable during transmission and storage on all system components.	elasticsearch-encrypted-at-rest	Because sensitive data can exist and to help protect data at rest, ensure encryption is enabled for your Amazon OpenSearch Service (OpenSearch Service) domains.
8.2.1	Using strong cryptography, render all authentication credentials (such as passwords/phrases) unreadable during transmission and storage on all system components.	elb-tls-https-listeners-only	Ensure that your Elastic Load Balancers (ELBs) are configured with SSL or HTTPS listeners. Because sensitive data can exist, enable encryption in transit to help protect that data.
8.2.1	Using strong cryptography, render all authentication credentials (such as passwords/phrases) unreadable during transmission and storage on all system components.	encrypted-volumes	Because sensitive data can exist and to help protect data at rest, ensure encryption is enabled for your Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes.
8.2.1	Using strong cryptography, render all authentication credentials (such as passwords/phrases) unreadable during transmission and storage on all system components.	opensearch-encrypted-at-rest	Because sensitive data can exist and to help protect data at rest, ensure encryption is enabled for your Amazon OpenSearch Service domains.
8.2.1	Using strong cryptography, render all authentication credentials (such as passwords/phrases) unreadable during transmission and storage on all system components.	rds-snapshot-encrypted	Ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) snapshots. Because sensitive data can exist at rest, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
8.2.1	Using strong cryptography, render all authentication credentials (such as passwords/phrases) unreadable during transmission and storage on all system components.	rds-storage-encrypted	To help protect data at rest, ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) instances. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in Amazon RDS instances, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
8.2.1	Using strong cryptography, render all authentication credentials (such as passwords/phrases) unreadable during transmission and storage on all system components.	redshift-cluster-configuration-check	To protect data at rest, ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Redshift clusters. You must also ensure that required configurations are deployed on Amazon Redshift clusters. The audit logging should be enabled to provide information about connections and user activities in the database. This rule requires that a value is set for clusterDbEncrypted (Config Default : TRUE), and loggingEnabled (Config Default: TRUE). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
8.2.1	Using strong cryptography, render all authentication credentials (such as passwords/phrases) unreadable during transmission and storage on all system components.	s3-bucket-server-side-encryption-enabled	To help protect data at rest, ensure encryption is enabled for your Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in Amazon S3 buckets, enable encryption to help protect that data.
8.2.1	Using strong cryptography, render all authentication credentials (such as passwords/phrases) unreadable during transmission and storage on all system components.	s3-bucket-ssl-requests-only	To help protect data in transit, ensure that your Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets require requests to use Secure Socket Layer (SSL). Because sensitive data can exist, enable encryption in transit to help protect that data.
8.2.1	Using strong cryptography, render all authentication credentials (such as passwords/phrases) unreadable during transmission and storage on all system components.	s3-default-encryption-kms	Ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in an Amazon S3 bucket, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
8.2.1	Using strong cryptography, render all authentication credentials (such as passwords/phrases) unreadable during transmission and storage on all system components.	sagemaker-endpoint-configuration-kms-key-configured	To help protect data at rest, ensure encryption with AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) is enabled for your SageMaker endpoint. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in SageMaker endpoint, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
8.2.1	Using strong cryptography, render all authentication credentials (such as passwords/phrases) unreadable during transmission and storage on all system components.	sagemaker-notebook-instance-kms-key-configured	To help protect data at rest, ensure encryption with AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) is enabled for your SageMaker notebook. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in SageMaker notebook, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
8.2.1	Using strong cryptography, render all authentication credentials (such as passwords/phrases) unreadable during transmission and storage on all system components.	secretsmanager-using-cmk	To help protect data at rest, ensure encryption with AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) is enabled for AWS Secrets Manager secrets. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in Secrets Manager secrets, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
8.2.1	Using strong cryptography, render all authentication credentials (such as passwords/phrases) unreadable during transmission and storage on all system components.	sns-encrypted-kms	To help protect data at rest, ensure that your Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topics require encryption using AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). Because sensitive data can exist at rest in published messages, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
8.2.3	Passwords/passphrases must meet the following: • Require a minimum length of at least seven characters. • Contain both numeric and alphabetic characters. Alternatively, the passwords/ passphrases must have complexity and strength at least equivalent to the parameters specified above.	iam-password-policy	The identities and the credentials are issued, managed, and verified based on an organizational IAM password policy. They meet or exceed requirements as stated by NIST SP 800-63 and the AWS Foundational Security Best Practices standard for password strength. This rule allows you to optionally set RequireUppercaseCharacters (PCI DSS default: false), RequireLowercaseCharacters (PCI DSS default: true), RequireSymbols (PCI DSS default: false), RequireNumbers (PCI DSS default: true), MinimumPasswordLength (PCI DSS default: 7), PasswordReusePrevention (PCI DSS default: 4), and MaxPasswordAge (PCI DSS default: 90) for your IAM Password Policy. The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
8.2.4	Change user passwords/passphrases at least once every 90 days.	access-keys-rotated	The credentials are audited for authorized devices, users, and processes by ensuring IAM access keys are rotated as per organizational policy. Changing the access keys on a regular schedule is a security best practice. It shortens the period an access key is active and reduces the business impact if the keys are compromised. This rule requires an access key rotation value (Config Default: 90). The actual value should reflect your organization's policies.
8.2.4	Change user passwords/passphrases at least once every 90 days.	iam-password-policy	The identities and the credentials are issued, managed, and verified based on an organizational IAM password policy. They meet or exceed requirements as stated by NIST SP 800-63 and the AWS Foundational Security Best Practices standard for password strength. This rule allows you to optionally set RequireUppercaseCharacters (PCI DSS default: false), RequireLowercaseCharacters (PCI DSS default: true), RequireSymbols (PCI DSS default: false), RequireNumbers (PCI DSS default: true), MinimumPasswordLength (PCI DSS default: 7), PasswordReusePrevention (PCI DSS default: 4), and MaxPasswordAge (PCI DSS default: 90) for your IAM Password Policy. The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
8.2.4	Change user passwords/passphrases at least once every 90 days.	secretsmanager-rotation-enabled-check	This rule ensures AWS Secrets Manager secrets have rotation enabled. Rotating secrets on a regular schedule can shorten the period a secret is active, and potentially reduce the business impact if the secret is compromised.
8.2.5	Do not allow an individual to submit a new password/passphrase that is the same as any of the last four passwords/passphrases he or she has used.	iam-password-policy	The identities and the credentials are issued, managed, and verified based on an organizational IAM password policy. They meet or exceed requirements as stated by NIST SP 800-63 and the AWS Foundational Security Best Practices standard for password strength. This rule allows you to optionally set RequireUppercaseCharacters (PCI DSS default: false), RequireLowercaseCharacters (PCI DSS default: true), RequireSymbols (PCI DSS default: false), RequireNumbers (PCI DSS default: true), MinimumPasswordLength (PCI DSS default: 7), PasswordReusePrevention (PCI DSS default: 4), and MaxPasswordAge (PCI DSS default: 90) for your IAM Password Policy. The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
8.3.1	Incorporate multi-factor authentication for all non-console access into the CDE for personnel with administrative access.	iam-user-mfa-enabled	Enable this rule to restrict access to resources in the AWS Cloud. This rule ensures multi-factor authentication (MFA) is enabled for all users. MFA adds an extra layer of protection on top of a user name and password. Reduce the incidents of compromised accounts by requiring MFA for users.
8.3.1	Incorporate multi-factor authentication for all non-console access into the CDE for personnel with administrative access.	mfa-enabled-for-iam-console-access	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that MFA is enabled for all AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) users that have a console password. MFA adds an extra layer of protection on top of a user name and password. By requiring MFA for users, you can reduce incidents of compromised accounts and keep sensitive data from being accessed by unauthorized users.
8.3.1	Incorporate multi-factor authentication for all non-console access into the CDE for personnel with administrative access.	root-account-hardware-mfa-enabled	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring hardware MFA is enabled for the root user. The root user is the most privileged user in an AWS account. The MFA adds an extra layer of protection for a user name and password. By requiring MFA for the root user, you can reduce the incidents of compromised AWS accounts.
8.3.1	Incorporate multi-factor authentication for all non-console access into the CDE for personnel with administrative access.	root-account-mfa-enabled	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring MFA is enabled for the root user. The root user is the most privileged user in an AWS account. The MFA adds an extra layer of protection for a user name and password. By requiring MFA for the root user, you can reduce the incidents of compromised AWS accounts.
8.3.2	Incorporate multi-factor authentication for all remote network access (both user and administrator, and including third-party access for support or maintenance) originating from outside the entity’s network.	iam-user-mfa-enabled	Enable this rule to restrict access to resources in the AWS Cloud. This rule ensures multi-factor authentication (MFA) is enabled for all users. MFA adds an extra layer of protection on top of a user name and password. Reduce the incidents of compromised accounts by requiring MFA for users.
8.3.2	Incorporate multi-factor authentication for all remote network access (both user and administrator, and including third-party access for support or maintenance) originating from outside the entity’s network.	mfa-enabled-for-iam-console-access	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring that MFA is enabled for all AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) users that have a console password. MFA adds an extra layer of protection on top of a user name and password. By requiring MFA for users, you can reduce incidents of compromised accounts and keep sensitive data from being accessed by unauthorized users.
8.3.2	Incorporate multi-factor authentication for all remote network access (both user and administrator, and including third-party access for support or maintenance) originating from outside the entity’s network.	root-account-hardware-mfa-enabled	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring hardware MFA is enabled for the root user. The root user is the most privileged user in an AWS account. The MFA adds an extra layer of protection for a user name and password. By requiring MFA for the root user, you can reduce the incidents of compromised AWS accounts.
8.3.2	Incorporate multi-factor authentication for all remote network access (both user and administrator, and including third-party access for support or maintenance) originating from outside the entity’s network.	root-account-mfa-enabled	Manage access to resources in the AWS Cloud by ensuring MFA is enabled for the root user. The root user is the most privileged user in an AWS account. The MFA adds an extra layer of protection for a user name and password. By requiring MFA for the root user, you can reduce the incidents of compromised AWS accounts.
10.1	Implement audit trails to link all access to system components to each individual user.	api-gw-execution-logging-enabled	API Gateway logging displays detailed views of users who accessed the API and the way they accessed the API. This insight enables visibility of user activities.
10.1	Implement audit trails to link all access to system components to each individual user.	elb-logging-enabled	Elastic Load Balancing activity is a central point of communication within an environment. Ensure ELB logging is enabled. The collected data provides detailed information about requests sent to the ELB. Each log contains information such as the time the request was received, the client's IP address, latencies, request paths, and server responses.
10.1	Implement audit trails to link all access to system components to each individual user.	multi-region-cloudtrail-enabled	AWS CloudTrail records AWS Management Console actions and API calls. You can identify which users and accounts called AWS, the source IP address from where the calls were made, and when the calls occurred. CloudTrail will deliver log files from all AWS Regions to your S3 bucket if MULTI_REGION_CLOUD_TRAIL_ENABLED is enabled. Additionally, when AWS launches a new Region, CloudTrail will create the same trail in the new Region. As a result, you will receive log files containing API activity for the new Region without taking any action.
10.1	Implement audit trails to link all access to system components to each individual user.	s3-bucket-logging-enabled	Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) server access logging provides a method to monitor the network for potential cybersecurity events. The events are monitored by capturing detailed records for the requests that are made to an Amazon S3 bucket. Each access log record provides details about a single access request. The details include the requester, bucket name, request time, request action, response status, and an error code, if relevant.
10.1	Implement audit trails to link all access to system components to each individual user.	vpc-flow-logs-enabled	The VPC flow logs provide detailed records for information about the IP traffic going to and from network interfaces in your Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). By default, the flow log record includes values for the different components of the IP flow, including the source, destination, and protocol.
10.1	Implement audit trails to link all access to system components to each individual user.	wafv2-logging-enabled	To help with logging and monitoring within your environment, enable AWS WAF (V2) logging on regional and global web ACLs. AWS WAF logging provides detailed information about the traffic that is analyzed by your web ACL. The logs record the time that AWS WAF received the request from your AWS resource, information about the request, and an action for the rule that each request matched.
10.1	Implement audit trails to link all access to system components to each individual user.	cloudtrail-enabled	AWS CloudTrail can help in non-repudiation by recording AWS Management Console actions and API calls. You can identify the users and AWS accounts that called an AWS service, the source IP address where the calls generated, and the timings of the calls. Details of captured data are seen within AWS CloudTrail Record Contents.
10.1	Implement audit trails to link all access to system components to each individual user.	cloudtrail-s3-dataevents-enabled	The collection of Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) data events helps in detecting any anomalous activity. The details include AWS account information that accessed an Amazon S3 bucket, IP address, and time of event.
10.1	Implement audit trails to link all access to system components to each individual user.	codebuild-project-logging-enabled	Ensure AWS CodeBuild project logging is enabled so that your build output logs are sent to either Amazon CloudWatch or Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). Build output logs provide detailed information about your build project.
10.1	Implement audit trails to link all access to system components to each individual user.	elasticsearch-logs-to-cloudwatch	Ensure Amazon OpenSearch Service domains have error logs enabled and streamed to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for retention and response. Domain error logs can assist with security and access audits, and can help to diagnose availability issues.
10.1	Implement audit trails to link all access to system components to each individual user.	opensearch-audit-logging-enabled	Ensure audit logging is enabled on your Amazon OpenSearch Service domains. Audit logging allows you to track user activity on your OpenSearch domains, including authentication successes and failures, requests to OpenSearch, index changes, and incoming search queries.
10.1	Implement audit trails to link all access to system components to each individual user.	opensearch-logs-to-cloudwatch	Ensure Amazon OpenSearch Service domains have error logs enabled and streamed to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for retention and response. OpenSearch Service error logs can assist with security and access audits, and can help to diagnose availability issues.
10.1	Implement audit trails to link all access to system components to each individual user.	rds-logging-enabled	To help with logging and monitoring within your environment, ensure Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) logging is enabled. With Amazon RDS logging, you can capture events such as connections, disconnections, queries, or tables queried.
10.1	Implement audit trails to link all access to system components to each individual user.	redshift-cluster-configuration-check	To protect data at rest, ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Redshift clusters. You must also ensure that required configurations are deployed on Amazon Redshift clusters. The audit logging should be enabled to provide information about connections and user activities in the database. This rule requires that a value is set for clusterDbEncrypted (Config Default : TRUE), and loggingEnabled (Config Default: TRUE). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
10.2.1	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: All individual user accesses to cardholder data	api-gw-execution-logging-enabled	API Gateway logging displays detailed views of users who accessed the API and the way they accessed the API. This insight enables visibility of user activities.
10.2.1	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: All individual user accesses to cardholder data	multi-region-cloudtrail-enabled	AWS CloudTrail records AWS Management Console actions and API calls. You can identify which users and accounts called AWS, the source IP address from where the calls were made, and when the calls occurred. CloudTrail will deliver log files from all AWS Regions to your S3 bucket if MULTI_REGION_CLOUD_TRAIL_ENABLED is enabled. Additionally, when AWS launches a new Region, CloudTrail will create the same trail in the new Region. As a result, you will receive log files containing API activity for the new Region without taking any action.
10.2.1	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: All individual user accesses to cardholder data	s3-bucket-logging-enabled	Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) server access logging provides a method to monitor the network for potential cybersecurity events. The events are monitored by capturing detailed records for the requests that are made to an Amazon S3 bucket. Each access log record provides details about a single access request. The details include the requester, bucket name, request time, request action, response status, and an error code, if relevant.
10.2.1	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: All individual user accesses to cardholder data	cloudtrail-enabled	AWS CloudTrail can help in non-repudiation by recording AWS Management Console actions and API calls. You can identify the users and AWS accounts that called an AWS service, the source IP address where the calls generated, and the timings of the calls. Details of captured data are seen within AWS CloudTrail Record Contents.
10.2.1	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: All individual user accesses to cardholder data	cloudtrail-s3-dataevents-enabled	The collection of Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) data events helps in detecting any anomalous activity. The details include AWS account information that accessed an Amazon S3 bucket, IP address, and time of event.
10.2.1	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: All individual user accesses to cardholder data	codebuild-project-logging-enabled	Ensure AWS CodeBuild project logging is enabled so that your build output logs are sent to either Amazon CloudWatch or Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). Build output logs provide detailed information about your build project.
10.2.1	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: All individual user accesses to cardholder data	elasticsearch-logs-to-cloudwatch	Ensure Amazon OpenSearch Service domains have error logs enabled and streamed to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for retention and response. Domain error logs can assist with security and access audits, and can help to diagnose availability issues.
10.2.1	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: All individual user accesses to cardholder data	opensearch-audit-logging-enabled	Ensure audit logging is enabled on your Amazon OpenSearch Service domains. Audit logging allows you to track user activity on your OpenSearch domains, including authentication successes and failures, requests to OpenSearch, index changes, and incoming search queries.
10.2.1	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: All individual user accesses to cardholder data	opensearch-logs-to-cloudwatch	Ensure Amazon OpenSearch Service domains have error logs enabled and streamed to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for retention and response. OpenSearch Service error logs can assist with security and access audits, and can help to diagnose availability issues.
10.2.1	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: All individual user accesses to cardholder data	rds-logging-enabled	To help with logging and monitoring within your environment, ensure Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) logging is enabled. With Amazon RDS logging, you can capture events such as connections, disconnections, queries, or tables queried.
10.2.1	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: All individual user accesses to cardholder data	redshift-cluster-configuration-check	To protect data at rest, ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Redshift clusters. You must also ensure that required configurations are deployed on Amazon Redshift clusters. The audit logging should be enabled to provide information about connections and user activities in the database. This rule requires that a value is set for clusterDbEncrypted (Config Default : TRUE), and loggingEnabled (Config Default: TRUE). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
10.2.2	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: All actions taken by any individual with root or administrative privileges	multi-region-cloudtrail-enabled	AWS CloudTrail records AWS Management Console actions and API calls. You can identify which users and accounts called AWS, the source IP address from where the calls were made, and when the calls occurred. CloudTrail will deliver log files from all AWS Regions to your S3 bucket if MULTI_REGION_CLOUD_TRAIL_ENABLED is enabled. Additionally, when AWS launches a new Region, CloudTrail will create the same trail in the new Region. As a result, you will receive log files containing API activity for the new Region without taking any action.
10.2.2	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: All actions taken by any individual with root or administrative privileges	cloudtrail-enabled	AWS CloudTrail can help in non-repudiation by recording AWS Management Console actions and API calls. You can identify the users and AWS accounts that called an AWS service, the source IP address where the calls generated, and the timings of the calls. Details of captured data are seen within AWS CloudTrail Record Contents.
10.2.2	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: All actions taken by any individual with root or administrative privileges	codebuild-project-logging-enabled	Ensure AWS CodeBuild project logging is enabled so that your build output logs are sent to either Amazon CloudWatch or Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). Build output logs provide detailed information about your build project.
10.2.2	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: All actions taken by any individual with root or administrative privileges	elasticsearch-logs-to-cloudwatch	Ensure Amazon OpenSearch Service domains have error logs enabled and streamed to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for retention and response. Domain error logs can assist with security and access audits, and can help to diagnose availability issues.
10.2.2	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: All actions taken by any individual with root or administrative privileges	opensearch-audit-logging-enabled	Ensure audit logging is enabled on your Amazon OpenSearch Service domains. Audit logging allows you to track user activity on your OpenSearch domains, including authentication successes and failures, requests to OpenSearch, index changes, and incoming search queries.
10.2.2	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: All actions taken by any individual with root or administrative privileges	opensearch-logs-to-cloudwatch	Ensure Amazon OpenSearch Service domains have error logs enabled and streamed to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for retention and response. OpenSearch Service error logs can assist with security and access audits, and can help to diagnose availability issues.
10.2.2	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: All actions taken by any individual with root or administrative privileges	rds-logging-enabled	To help with logging and monitoring within your environment, ensure Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) logging is enabled. With Amazon RDS logging, you can capture events such as connections, disconnections, queries, or tables queried.
10.2.2	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: All actions taken by any individual with root or administrative privileges	redshift-cluster-configuration-check	To protect data at rest, ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Redshift clusters. You must also ensure that required configurations are deployed on Amazon Redshift clusters. The audit logging should be enabled to provide information about connections and user activities in the database. This rule requires that a value is set for clusterDbEncrypted (Config Default : TRUE), and loggingEnabled (Config Default: TRUE). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
10.2.3	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Access to all audit trails	multi-region-cloudtrail-enabled	AWS CloudTrail records AWS Management Console actions and API calls. You can identify which users and accounts called AWS, the source IP address from where the calls were made, and when the calls occurred. CloudTrail will deliver log files from all AWS Regions to your S3 bucket if MULTI_REGION_CLOUD_TRAIL_ENABLED is enabled. Additionally, when AWS launches a new Region, CloudTrail will create the same trail in the new Region. As a result, you will receive log files containing API activity for the new Region without taking any action.
10.2.3	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Access to all audit trails	cloudtrail-enabled	AWS CloudTrail can help in non-repudiation by recording AWS Management Console actions and API calls. You can identify the users and AWS accounts that called an AWS service, the source IP address where the calls generated, and the timings of the calls. Details of captured data are seen within AWS CloudTrail Record Contents.
10.2.3	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Access to all audit trails	cloudtrail-s3-dataevents-enabled	The collection of Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) data events helps in detecting any anomalous activity. The details include AWS account information that accessed an Amazon S3 bucket, IP address, and time of event.
10.2.3	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Access to all audit trails	codebuild-project-logging-enabled	Ensure AWS CodeBuild project logging is enabled so that your build output logs are sent to either Amazon CloudWatch or Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). Build output logs provide detailed information about your build project.
10.2.3	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Access to all audit trails	elasticsearch-logs-to-cloudwatch	Ensure Amazon OpenSearch Service domains have error logs enabled and streamed to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for retention and response. Domain error logs can assist with security and access audits, and can help to diagnose availability issues.
10.2.3	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Access to all audit trails	opensearch-audit-logging-enabled	Ensure audit logging is enabled on your Amazon OpenSearch Service domains. Audit logging allows you to track user activity on your OpenSearch domains, including authentication successes and failures, requests to OpenSearch, index changes, and incoming search queries.
10.2.3	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Access to all audit trails	opensearch-logs-to-cloudwatch	Ensure Amazon OpenSearch Service domains have error logs enabled and streamed to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for retention and response. OpenSearch Service error logs can assist with security and access audits, and can help to diagnose availability issues.
10.2.3	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Access to all audit trails	rds-logging-enabled	To help with logging and monitoring within your environment, ensure Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) logging is enabled. With Amazon RDS logging, you can capture events such as connections, disconnections, queries, or tables queried.
10.2.3	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Access to all audit trails	redshift-cluster-configuration-check	To protect data at rest, ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Redshift clusters. You must also ensure that required configurations are deployed on Amazon Redshift clusters. The audit logging should be enabled to provide information about connections and user activities in the database. This rule requires that a value is set for clusterDbEncrypted (Config Default : TRUE), and loggingEnabled (Config Default: TRUE). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
10.2.3	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Access to all audit trails	s3-bucket-logging-enabled	Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) server access logging provides a method to monitor the network for potential cybersecurity events. The events are monitored by capturing detailed records for the requests that are made to an Amazon S3 bucket. Each access log record provides details about a single access request. The details include the requester, bucket name, request time, request action, response status, and an error code, if relevant.
10.2.4	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Invalid logical access attempts	api-gw-execution-logging-enabled	API Gateway logging displays detailed views of users who accessed the API and the way they accessed the API. This insight enables visibility of user activities.
10.2.4	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Invalid logical access attempts	multi-region-cloudtrail-enabled	AWS CloudTrail records AWS Management Console actions and API calls. You can identify which users and accounts called AWS, the source IP address from where the calls were made, and when the calls occurred. CloudTrail will deliver log files from all AWS Regions to your S3 bucket if MULTI_REGION_CLOUD_TRAIL_ENABLED is enabled. Additionally, when AWS launches a new Region, CloudTrail will create the same trail in the new Region. As a result, you will receive log files containing API activity for the new Region without taking any action.
10.2.4	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Invalid logical access attempts	s3-bucket-logging-enabled	Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) server access logging provides a method to monitor the network for potential cybersecurity events. The events are monitored by capturing detailed records for the requests that are made to an Amazon S3 bucket. Each access log record provides details about a single access request. The details include the requester, bucket name, request time, request action, response status, and an error code, if relevant.
10.2.4	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Invalid logical access attempts	cloudtrail-enabled	AWS CloudTrail can help in non-repudiation by recording AWS Management Console actions and API calls. You can identify the users and AWS accounts that called an AWS service, the source IP address where the calls generated, and the timings of the calls. Details of captured data are seen within AWS CloudTrail Record Contents.
10.2.4	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Invalid logical access attempts	cloudtrail-s3-dataevents-enabled	The collection of Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) data events helps in detecting any anomalous activity. The details include AWS account information that accessed an Amazon S3 bucket, IP address, and time of event.
10.2.4	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Invalid logical access attempts	codebuild-project-logging-enabled	Ensure AWS CodeBuild project logging is enabled so that your build output logs are sent to either Amazon CloudWatch or Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). Build output logs provide detailed information about your build project.
10.2.4	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Invalid logical access attempts	elasticsearch-logs-to-cloudwatch	Ensure Amazon OpenSearch Service domains have error logs enabled and streamed to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for retention and response. Domain error logs can assist with security and access audits, and can help to diagnose availability issues.
10.2.4	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Invalid logical access attempts	opensearch-audit-logging-enabled	Ensure audit logging is enabled on your Amazon OpenSearch Service domains. Audit logging allows you to track user activity on your OpenSearch domains, including authentication successes and failures, requests to OpenSearch, index changes, and incoming search queries.
10.2.4	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Invalid logical access attempts	opensearch-logs-to-cloudwatch	Ensure Amazon OpenSearch Service domains have error logs enabled and streamed to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for retention and response. OpenSearch Service error logs can assist with security and access audits, and can help to diagnose availability issues.
10.2.4	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Invalid logical access attempts	rds-logging-enabled	To help with logging and monitoring within your environment, ensure Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) logging is enabled. With Amazon RDS logging, you can capture events such as connections, disconnections, queries, or tables queried.
10.2.4	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Invalid logical access attempts	redshift-cluster-configuration-check	To protect data at rest, ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Redshift clusters. You must also ensure that required configurations are deployed on Amazon Redshift clusters. The audit logging should be enabled to provide information about connections and user activities in the database. This rule requires that a value is set for clusterDbEncrypted (Config Default : TRUE), and loggingEnabled (Config Default: TRUE). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
10.2.5	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Use of and changes to identification and authentication mechanisms—including but not limited to creation of new accounts and elevation of privileges—and all changes, additions, or deletions to accounts with root or administrative privileges	multi-region-cloudtrail-enabled	AWS CloudTrail records AWS Management Console actions and API calls. You can identify which users and accounts called AWS, the source IP address from where the calls were made, and when the calls occurred. CloudTrail will deliver log files from all AWS Regions to your S3 bucket if MULTI_REGION_CLOUD_TRAIL_ENABLED is enabled. Additionally, when AWS launches a new Region, CloudTrail will create the same trail in the new Region. As a result, you will receive log files containing API activity for the new Region without taking any action.
10.2.5	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Use of and changes to identification and authentication mechanisms—including but not limited to creation of new accounts and elevation of privileges—and all changes, additions, or deletions to accounts with root or administrative privileges	cloudtrail-enabled	AWS CloudTrail can help in non-repudiation by recording AWS Management Console actions and API calls. You can identify the users and AWS accounts that called an AWS service, the source IP address where the calls generated, and the timings of the calls. Details of captured data are seen within AWS CloudTrail Record Contents.
10.2.5	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Use of and changes to identification and authentication mechanisms—including but not limited to creation of new accounts and elevation of privileges—and all changes, additions, or deletions to accounts with root or administrative privileges	codebuild-project-logging-enabled	Ensure AWS CodeBuild project logging is enabled so that your build output logs are sent to either Amazon CloudWatch or Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). Build output logs provide detailed information about your build project.
10.2.5	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Use of and changes to identification and authentication mechanisms—including but not limited to creation of new accounts and elevation of privileges—and all changes, additions, or deletions to accounts with root or administrative privileges	elasticsearch-logs-to-cloudwatch	Ensure Amazon OpenSearch Service domains have error logs enabled and streamed to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for retention and response. Domain error logs can assist with security and access audits, and can help to diagnose availability issues.
10.2.5	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Use of and changes to identification and authentication mechanisms—including but not limited to creation of new accounts and elevation of privileges—and all changes, additions, or deletions to accounts with root or administrative privileges	opensearch-audit-logging-enabled	Ensure audit logging is enabled on your Amazon OpenSearch Service domains. Audit logging allows you to track user activity on your OpenSearch domains, including authentication successes and failures, requests to OpenSearch, index changes, and incoming search queries.
10.2.5	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Use of and changes to identification and authentication mechanisms—including but not limited to creation of new accounts and elevation of privileges—and all changes, additions, or deletions to accounts with root or administrative privileges	opensearch-logs-to-cloudwatch	Ensure Amazon OpenSearch Service domains have error logs enabled and streamed to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for retention and response. OpenSearch Service error logs can assist with security and access audits, and can help to diagnose availability issues.
10.2.5	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Use of and changes to identification and authentication mechanisms—including but not limited to creation of new accounts and elevation of privileges—and all changes, additions, or deletions to accounts with root or administrative privileges	rds-logging-enabled	To help with logging and monitoring within your environment, ensure Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) logging is enabled. With Amazon RDS logging, you can capture events such as connections, disconnections, queries, or tables queried.
10.2.5	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Use of and changes to identification and authentication mechanisms—including but not limited to creation of new accounts and elevation of privileges—and all changes, additions, or deletions to accounts with root or administrative privileges	redshift-cluster-configuration-check	To protect data at rest, ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Redshift clusters. You must also ensure that required configurations are deployed on Amazon Redshift clusters. The audit logging should be enabled to provide information about connections and user activities in the database. This rule requires that a value is set for clusterDbEncrypted (Config Default : TRUE), and loggingEnabled (Config Default: TRUE). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
10.2.6	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Initialization, stopping, or pausing of the audit logs	multi-region-cloudtrail-enabled	AWS CloudTrail records AWS Management Console actions and API calls. You can identify which users and accounts called AWS, the source IP address from where the calls were made, and when the calls occurred. CloudTrail will deliver log files from all AWS Regions to your S3 bucket if MULTI_REGION_CLOUD_TRAIL_ENABLED is enabled. Additionally, when AWS launches a new Region, CloudTrail will create the same trail in the new Region. As a result, you will receive log files containing API activity for the new Region without taking any action.
10.2.6	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Initialization, stopping, or pausing of the audit logs	cloudtrail-enabled	AWS CloudTrail can help in non-repudiation by recording AWS Management Console actions and API calls. You can identify the users and AWS accounts that called an AWS service, the source IP address where the calls generated, and the timings of the calls. Details of captured data are seen within AWS CloudTrail Record Contents.
10.2.6	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Initialization, stopping, or pausing of the audit logs	rds-logging-enabled	To help with logging and monitoring within your environment, ensure Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) logging is enabled. With Amazon RDS logging, you can capture events such as connections, disconnections, queries, or tables queried.
10.2.7	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Creation and deletion of system- level objects	api-gw-execution-logging-enabled	API Gateway logging displays detailed views of users who accessed the API and the way they accessed the API. This insight enables visibility of user activities.
10.2.7	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Creation and deletion of system- level objects	multi-region-cloudtrail-enabled	AWS CloudTrail records AWS Management Console actions and API calls. You can identify which users and accounts called AWS, the source IP address from where the calls were made, and when the calls occurred. CloudTrail will deliver log files from all AWS Regions to your S3 bucket if MULTI_REGION_CLOUD_TRAIL_ENABLED is enabled. Additionally, when AWS launches a new Region, CloudTrail will create the same trail in the new Region. As a result, you will receive log files containing API activity for the new Region without taking any action.
10.2.7	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Creation and deletion of system- level objects	cloudtrail-enabled	AWS CloudTrail can help in non-repudiation by recording AWS Management Console actions and API calls. You can identify the users and AWS accounts that called an AWS service, the source IP address where the calls generated, and the timings of the calls. Details of captured data are seen within AWS CloudTrail Record Contents.
10.2.7	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Creation and deletion of system- level objects	elasticsearch-logs-to-cloudwatch	Ensure Amazon OpenSearch Service domains have error logs enabled and streamed to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for retention and response. Domain error logs can assist with security and access audits, and can help to diagnose availability issues.
10.2.7	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Creation and deletion of system- level objects	opensearch-audit-logging-enabled	Ensure audit logging is enabled on your Amazon OpenSearch Service domains. Audit logging allows you to track user activity on your OpenSearch domains, including authentication successes and failures, requests to OpenSearch, index changes, and incoming search queries.
10.2.7	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Creation and deletion of system- level objects	opensearch-logs-to-cloudwatch	Ensure Amazon OpenSearch Service domains have error logs enabled and streamed to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for retention and response. OpenSearch Service error logs can assist with security and access audits, and can help to diagnose availability issues.
10.2.7	Implement automated audit trails for all system components to reconstruct the following events: Creation and deletion of system- level objects	rds-logging-enabled	To help with logging and monitoring within your environment, ensure Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) logging is enabled. With Amazon RDS logging, you can capture events such as connections, disconnections, queries, or tables queried.
10.3.1	Record at least the following audit trail entries for all system components for each event: User identification	api-gw-execution-logging-enabled	API Gateway logging displays detailed views of users who accessed the API and the way they accessed the API. This insight enables visibility of user activities.
10.3.1	Record at least the following audit trail entries for all system components for each event: User identification	elb-logging-enabled	Elastic Load Balancing activity is a central point of communication within an environment. Ensure ELB logging is enabled. The collected data provides detailed information about requests sent to the ELB. Each log contains information such as the time the request was received, the client's IP address, latencies, request paths, and server responses.
10.3.1	Record at least the following audit trail entries for all system components for each event: User identification	multi-region-cloudtrail-enabled	AWS CloudTrail records AWS Management Console actions and API calls. You can identify which users and accounts called AWS, the source IP address from where the calls were made, and when the calls occurred. CloudTrail will deliver log files from all AWS Regions to your S3 bucket if MULTI_REGION_CLOUD_TRAIL_ENABLED is enabled. Additionally, when AWS launches a new Region, CloudTrail will create the same trail in the new Region. As a result, you will receive log files containing API activity for the new Region without taking any action.
10.3.1	Record at least the following audit trail entries for all system components for each event: User identification	s3-bucket-logging-enabled	Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) server access logging provides a method to monitor the network for potential cybersecurity events. The events are monitored by capturing detailed records for the requests that are made to an Amazon S3 bucket. Each access log record provides details about a single access request. The details include the requester, bucket name, request time, request action, response status, and an error code, if relevant.
10.3.1	Record at least the following audit trail entries for all system components for each event: User identification	vpc-flow-logs-enabled	The VPC flow logs provide detailed records for information about the IP traffic going to and from network interfaces in your Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). By default, the flow log record includes values for the different components of the IP flow, including the source, destination, and protocol.
10.3.1	Record at least the following audit trail entries for all system components for each event: User identification	wafv2-logging-enabled	To help with logging and monitoring within your environment, enable AWS WAF (V2) logging on regional and global web ACLs. AWS WAF logging provides detailed information about the traffic that is analyzed by your web ACL. The logs record the time that AWS WAF received the request from your AWS resource, information about the request, and an action for the rule that each request matched.
10.3.1	Record at least the following audit trail entries for all system components for each event: User identification	cloudtrail-enabled	AWS CloudTrail can help in non-repudiation by recording AWS Management Console actions and API calls. You can identify the users and AWS accounts that called an AWS service, the source IP address where the calls generated, and the timings of the calls. Details of captured data are seen within AWS CloudTrail Record Contents.
10.3.1	Record at least the following audit trail entries for all system components for each event: User identification	cloudtrail-s3-dataevents-enabled	The collection of Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) data events helps in detecting any anomalous activity. The details include AWS account information that accessed an Amazon S3 bucket, IP address, and time of event.
10.3.1	Record at least the following audit trail entries for all system components for each event: User identification	codebuild-project-logging-enabled	Ensure AWS CodeBuild project logging is enabled so that your build output logs are sent to either Amazon CloudWatch or Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). Build output logs provide detailed information about your build project.
10.3.1	Record at least the following audit trail entries for all system components for each event: User identification	elasticsearch-logs-to-cloudwatch	Ensure Amazon OpenSearch Service domains have error logs enabled and streamed to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for retention and response. Domain error logs can assist with security and access audits, and can help to diagnose availability issues.
10.3.1	Record at least the following audit trail entries for all system components for each event: User identification	opensearch-audit-logging-enabled	Ensure audit logging is enabled on your Amazon OpenSearch Service domains. Audit logging allows you to track user activity on your OpenSearch domains, including authentication successes and failures, requests to OpenSearch, index changes, and incoming search queries.
10.3.1	Record at least the following audit trail entries for all system components for each event: User identification	opensearch-logs-to-cloudwatch	Ensure Amazon OpenSearch Service domains have error logs enabled and streamed to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for retention and response. OpenSearch Service error logs can assist with security and access audits, and can help to diagnose availability issues.
10.3.1	Record at least the following audit trail entries for all system components for each event: User identification	rds-logging-enabled	To help with logging and monitoring within your environment, ensure Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) logging is enabled. With Amazon RDS logging, you can capture events such as connections, disconnections, queries, or tables queried.
10.3.1	Record at least the following audit trail entries for all system components for each event: User identification	redshift-cluster-configuration-check	To protect data at rest, ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Redshift clusters. You must also ensure that required configurations are deployed on Amazon Redshift clusters. The audit logging should be enabled to provide information about connections and user activities in the database. This rule requires that a value is set for clusterDbEncrypted (Config Default : TRUE), and loggingEnabled (Config Default: TRUE). The actual values should reflect your organization's policies.
10.5	Secure audit trails so they cannot be altered.	cloud-trail-encryption-enabled	Because sensitive data may exist and to help protect data at rest, ensure encryption is enabled for your AWS CloudTrail trails.
10.5	Secure audit trails so they cannot be altered.	s3-bucket-server-side-encryption-enabled	To help protect data at rest, ensure encryption is enabled for your Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in Amazon S3 buckets, enable encryption to help protect that data.
10.5	Secure audit trails so they cannot be altered.	s3-default-encryption-kms	Ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in an Amazon S3 bucket, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
10.5.2	Protect audit trail files from unauthorized modifications.	cloud-trail-encryption-enabled	Because sensitive data may exist and to help protect data at rest, ensure encryption is enabled for your AWS CloudTrail trails.
10.5.2	Protect audit trail files from unauthorized modifications.	s3-bucket-server-side-encryption-enabled	To help protect data at rest, ensure encryption is enabled for your Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in Amazon S3 buckets, enable encryption to help protect that data.
10.5.2	Protect audit trail files from unauthorized modifications.	s3-default-encryption-kms	Ensure that encryption is enabled for your Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. Because sensitive data can exist at rest in an Amazon S3 bucket, enable encryption at rest to help protect that data.
10.5.3	Promptly back up audit trail files to a centralized log server or media that is difficult to alter.	s3-lifecycle-policy-check	Ensure Amazon S3 lifecycle policies are configured to help define actions that you want Amazon S3 to take during an object's lifetime (for example, transition objects to another storage class, archive them, or delete them after a specified period of time).
10.5.3	Promptly back up audit trail files to a centralized log server or media that is difficult to alter.	backup-plan-min-frequency-and-min-retention-check	To help with data back-up processes, ensure your AWS Backup plan is set for a minimum frequency and retention. AWS Backup is a fully managed backup service with a policy-based backup solution. This solution simplifies your backup management and enables you to meet your business and regulatory backup compliance requirements. This rule allows you to set the requiredFrequencyValue (Config default: 1), requiredRetentionDays (Config default: 35) and requiredFrequencyUnit (Config default: days) parameters. The actual value should reflect your organizations requirements.
10.5.3	Promptly back up audit trail files to a centralized log server or media that is difficult to alter.	cloud-trail-cloud-watch-logs-enabled	Use Amazon CloudWatch to centrally collect and manage log event activity. Inclusion of AWS CloudTrail data provides details of API call activity within your AWS account.
10.5.3	Promptly back up audit trail files to a centralized log server or media that is difficult to alter.	s3-bucket-replication-enabled	Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) Cross-Region Replication (CRR) supports maintaining adequate capacity and availability. CRR enables automatic, asynchronous copying of objects across Amazon S3 buckets to help ensure that data availability is maintained.
10.5.5	Use file-integrity monitoring or change-detection software on logs to ensure that existing log data cannot be changed without generating alerts (although new data being added should not cause an alert).	cloud-trail-log-file-validation-enabled	Utilize AWS CloudTrail log file validation to check the integrity of CloudTrail logs. Log file validation helps determine if a log file was modified or deleted or unchanged after CloudTrail delivered it. This feature is built using industry standard algorithms: SHA-256 for hashing and SHA-256 with RSA for digital signing. This makes it computationally infeasible to modify, delete or forge CloudTrail log files without detection.
10.5.5	Use file-integrity monitoring or change-detection software on logs to ensure that existing log data cannot be changed without generating alerts (although new data being added should not cause an alert).	s3-bucket-versioning-enabled	Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket versioning helps keep multiple variants of an object in the same Amazon S3 bucket. Use versioning to preserve, retrieve, and restore every version of every object stored in your Amazon S3 bucket. Versioning helps you to easily recover from unintended user actions and application failures.
10.7	Retain audit trail history for at least one year, with a minimum of three months immediately available for analysis (for example, online, archived, or restorable from backup).	s3-lifecycle-policy-check	Ensure Amazon S3 lifecycle policies are configured to help define actions that you want Amazon S3 to take during an object's lifetime (for example, transition objects to another storage class, archive them, or delete them after a specified period of time).
10.7	Retain audit trail history for at least one year, with a minimum of three months immediately available for analysis (for example, online, archived, or restorable from backup).	backup-plan-min-frequency-and-min-retention-check	To help with data back-up processes, ensure your AWS Backup plan is set for a minimum frequency and retention. AWS Backup is a fully managed backup service with a policy-based backup solution. This solution simplifies your backup management and enables you to meet your business and regulatory backup compliance requirements. This rule allows you to set the requiredFrequencyValue (Config default: 1), requiredRetentionDays (Config default: 35) and requiredFrequencyUnit (Config default: days) parameters. The actual value should reflect your organizations requirements.
11.2.3	Perform internal and external scans, and rescans as needed, after any significant change. Scans must be performed by qualified personnel.	ecr-private-image-scanning-enabled	Amazon Elastic Container Repository (ECR) image scanning assists in identifying software vulnerabilities in your container images. Enabling image scanning on ECR repositories adds a layer of verification for the integrity and safety of the images being stored.
11.4	Use intrusion-detection and/or intrusion-prevention techniques to detect and/or prevent intrusions into the network. Monitor all traffic at the perimeter of the cardholder data environment as well as at critical points in the cardholder data environment, and alert personnel to suspected compromises. Keep all intrusion-detection and prevention engines, baselines, and signatures up to date.	guardduty-enabled-centralized	Amazon GuardDuty can help to monitor and detect potential cybersecurity events by using threat intelligence feeds. These include lists of malicious IPs and machine learning to identify unexpected, unauthorized, and malicious activity within your AWS Cloud environment.
11.4	Use intrusion-detection and/or intrusion-prevention techniques to detect and/or prevent intrusions into the network. Monitor all traffic at the perimeter of the cardholder data environment as well as at critical points in the cardholder data environment, and alert personnel to suspected compromises. Keep all intrusion-detection and prevention engines, baselines, and signatures up to date.	netfw-policy-rule-group-associated	An AWS Network Firewall policy defines how your firewall monitors and handles traffic in an Amazon VPC. You configure stateless and stateful rule groups to filter packets and traffic flows, and you define default traffic handling.
11.5	Deploy a change-detection mechanism (for example, file-integrity monitoring tools) to alert personnel to unauthorized modification (including changes, additions, and deletions) of critical system files, configuration files, or content files; and configure the software to perform critical file comparisons at least weekly.	cloud-trail-log-file-validation-enabled	Utilize AWS CloudTrail log file validation to check the integrity of CloudTrail logs. Log file validation helps determine if a log file was modified or deleted or unchanged after CloudTrail delivered it. This feature is built using industry standard algorithms: SHA-256 for hashing and SHA-256 with RSA for digital signing. This makes it computationally infeasible to modify, delete or forge CloudTrail log files without detection.
11.5	Deploy a change-detection mechanism (for example, file-integrity monitoring tools) to alert personnel to unauthorized modification (including changes, additions, and deletions) of critical system files, configuration files, or content files; and configure the software to perform critical file comparisons at least weekly.	securityhub-enabled	AWS Security Hub helps to monitor unauthorized personnel, connections, devices, and software. AWS Security Hub aggregates, organizes, and prioritizes the security alerts, or findings, from multiple AWS services. Some such services are Amazon Security Hub, Amazon Inspector, Amazon Macie, AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) Access Analyzer, and AWS Firewall Manager, and AWS Partner solutions.

Template

The template is available on GitHub: Operational Best Practices for PCI DSS 3.2.1.