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Getting started with Reachability Analyzer using the AWS CLI

PDFRSS

You can use Reachability Analyzer to determine whether a destination resource in your virtual private cloud (VPC) is reachable from a source resource. To get started, you specify a source and a destination. For example, you can run a reachability analysis between two network interfaces or between a network interface and a gateway. If there is a reachable path between the source and destination, Reachability Analyzer displays the details. Otherwise, Reachability Analyzer identifies the blocking component.

Step 1: Create a path

Use the following create-network-insights-path command to create a path. In this example, the source is an internet gateway and the destination is an EC2 instance.

aws ec2 create-network-insights-path 
    --source igw-0797cccdc9d73b0e5 
    --destination i-0495d385ad28331c7 
    --protocol TCP
    --filter-at-source file://source-filter.json

The following is an example source-filter.json.

{
    "DestinationPortRange": {
        "FromPort": 22,
        "ToPort": 22
    }
}

The following is example output.

{
    "NetworkInsightsPaths": {
        "NetworkInsightsPathId": "nip-0b26f224f1d131fa8",
        "NetworkInsightsPathArn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:network-insights-path/nip-0b26f224f1d131fa8",
        "CreatedDate": "2023-03-20T22:43:46.933Z",
        "Source": "igw-0797cccdc9d73b0e5",
        "Destination": "i-0495d385ad28331c7",
        "SourceArn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:internet-gateway/0797cccdc9d73b0e5",
        "DestinationArn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:instance/0495d385ad28331c7",
        "Protocol": "tcp"
    }
}

To specify an IP address as the destination resource, omit the --destination parameter and filter on the destination address as follows.

aws ec2 create-network-insights-path 
    --source igw-0797cccdc9d73b0e5 
    --protocol TCP
    --filter-at-source file://source-filter.json

The following is an example of source-filter.json.

{
    "DestinationAddress": "34.230.71.227",
    "DestinationPortRange": {
        "FromPort": 22,
        "ToPort": 22
    }
}

Step 2: Analyze the path

Use the following start-network-insights-analysis command to determine whether the destination is reachable using the protocol and port that you specified for the path. The analysis can take a few minutes to complete.

aws ec2 start-network-insights-analysis --network-insights-path-id nip-0b26f224f1d131fa8

The following is example output.

{
    "NetworkInsightsAnalysis": {
        "NetworkInsightsAnalysisId": "nia-02207aa13eb480c7a",
        "NetworkInsightsAnalysisArn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:network-insights-analysis/nia-02207aa13eb480c7a",
        "NetworkInsightsPathId": "nip-0b26f224f1d131fa8",
        "StartDate": "2023-03-20T22:58:37.495Z",
        "Status": "running"
    }
}

Step 3: Get the results of the path analysis

After the path analysis completes, you can view the results using the describe-network-insights-analyses command.

aws ec2 describe-network-insights-analyses --network-insights-analysis-ids nia-02207aa13eb480c7a

Example 1: Not reachable

The following is example output where the path is not reachable. When a path is not reachable, NetworkPathFound is false and ExplanationCode contains an explanation code. For descriptions of the explanation codes, see Reachability Analyzer explanation codes. In this example, ENI_SG_RULES_MISMATCH indicates that the security group does not allow the traffic. After you add a rule to the security group to allow the traffic, you can reanalyze the same path and confirm that it is reachable.

{
    "NetworkInsightsAnalyses": [
        {
            "NetworkInsightsAnalysisId": "nia-02207aa13eb480c7a",
            "NetworkInsightsAnalysisArn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:network-insights-analysis/nia-02207aa13eb480c7a",
            "NetworkInsightsPathId": "nip-0b26f224f1d131fa8",
            "StartDate": "2023-03-20T22:58:37.495Z",
            "Status": "succeeded",
            "NetworkPathFound": false,
            "ForwardPathComponents": [
                {
                    "SequenceNumber": 1,
                    "Component": {
                        "Id": "igw-0797cccdc9d73b0e5",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:internet-gateway/igw-0797cccdc9d73b0e5"
                    },
                    "OutboundHeader": {
                        "DestinationAddresses": [
                            "10.0.4.120/32"
                        ]
                    },
                    "InboundHeader": {
                        "DestinationAddresses": [
                            "34.230.71.227/32"
                        ],
                        "DestinationPortRanges": [
                            {
                                "From": 22,
                                "To": 22
                            }
                        ],
                        "Protocol": "6",
                        "SourceAddresses": [
                            "11.0.0.0/32"
                        ],
                        "SourcePortRanges": [
                            {
                                "From": 0,
                                "To": 0
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    "Vpc": {
                        "Id": "vpc-f1663d98ad28331c7",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:vpc/vpc-f1663d98ad28331c7"
                    },
                    "AdditionalDetails": [],
                    "Explanations": []
                },
                {
                    "SequenceNumber": 2,
                    "AclRule": {
                        "Cidr": "0.0.0.0/0",
                        "Egress": "false",
                        "Protocol": "all",
                        "RuleAction": "allow",
                        "RuleNumber": 100
                    },
                    "Component": {
                        "Id": "acl-04fbcfb79260f6c5b",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:network-acl/acl-04fbcfb79260f6c5b"
                    },
                    "AdditionalDetails": [],
                    "Explanations": []
                },
                {
                    "SequenceNumber": 3,
                    "AttachedTo": {
                        "Id": "i-0495d385ad28331c7",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:instance/i-0495d385ad28331c7"
                    },
                    "Component": {
                        "Id": "eni-0a25edef15a6cc08c",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:network-interface/eni-0a25edef15a6cc08c"
                    },
                    "Subnet": {
                        "Id": "subnet-004ff41eccb4d1194",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:subnet/subnet-004ff41eccb4d1194"
                    },
                    "Vpc": {
                        "Id": "vpc-f1663d98ad28331c7",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:vpc/vpc-f1663d98ad28331c7"
                    },
                    "AdditionalDetails": [],
                    "Explanations": [
                        {
                            "Direction": "ingress",
                            "ExplanationCode": "ENI_SG_RULES_MISMATCH",
                            "NetworkInterface": {
                                "Id": "eni-0a25edef15a6cc08c",
                                "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:network-interface/eni-0a25edef15a6cc08c"
                            },
                            "SecurityGroups": [
                                {
                                    "Id": "sg-02f0d35a850ba727f",
                                    "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:security-group/sg-02f0d35a850ba727f"
                                }
                            ],
                            "Subnet": {
                                "Id": "subnet-004ff41eccb4d1194",
                                "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:subnet/subnet-004ff41eccb4d1194"
                            },
                            "Vpc": {
                                "Id": "vpc-f1663d98ad28331c7",
                                "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:vpc/vpc-f1663d98ad28331c7"
                            },
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "SequenceNumber": 4,
                    "Component": {
                        "Id": "i-0495d385ad28331c7",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:instance/i-0495d385ad28331c7"
                    },
                    "InboundHeader": {
                        "DestinationAddresses": [
                            "10.0.4.120/32"
                        ],
                        "DestinationPortRanges": [
                            {
                                "From": 22,
                                "To": 22
                            }
                        ],
                        "Protocol": "6",
                        "SourceAddresses": [
                            "11.0.0.0/32"
                        ],
                        "SourcePortRanges": [
                            {
                                "From": 0,
                                "To": 0
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    "AdditionalDetails": [
                        {
                            "AdditionalDetailType": "UNIDIRECTIONAL_PATH_ANALYSIS_ONLY"
                        }
                    ],
                    "Explanations": []
                }
            ],
            "Explanations": [
                {
                    "Direction": "ingress",
                    "ExplanationCode": "ENI_SG_RULES_MISMATCH",
                    "NetworkInterface": {
                        "Id": "eni-0a25edef15a6cc08c",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:network-interface/eni-0a25edef15a6cc08c"
                    },
                    "SecurityGroups": [
                        {
                            "Id": "sg-02f0d35a850ba727f",
                            "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:security-group/sg-02f0d35a850ba727f"
                        }
                    ],
                    "Subnet": {
                        "Id": "subnet-004ff41eccb4d1194",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:subnet/subnet-004ff41eccb4d1194"
                    },
                    "Vpc": {
                        "Id": "vpc-f1663d98ad28331c7",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:vpc/vpc-f1663d98ad28331c7"
                    }
                }
            ],
            "Tags": []
        }
    ]
}

Example 2: Reachable

The following is example output where the path is reachable. When a path is reachable, NetworkPathFound is true, ForwardPathComponents contains component-by-component details about the shortest reachable path from source to destination, and ReturnPathComponents contains component-by-component details about the shortest reachable path from destination to source.

{
    "NetworkInsightsAnalyses": [
        {
            "NetworkInsightsAnalysisId": "nia-076744f74a04c3c7f",
            "NetworkInsightsAnalysisArn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:network-insights-analysis/nia-076744f74a04c3c7f",
            "NetworkInsightsPathId": "nip-0614b9507b4e3e989",
            "StartDate": "2023-03-20T23:47:08.080Z",
            "Status": "succeeded",
            "NetworkPathFound": true,
            "ForwardPathComponents": [
                {
                    "SequenceNumber": 1,
                    "Component": {
                        "Id": "igw-0797cccdc9d73b0e5",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:internet-gateway/igw-0797cccdc9d73b0e5",
                    },
                    "OutboundHeader": {
                        "DestinationAddresses": ["10.0.2.87/32"]
                    },
                    "InboundHeader": {
                        "DestinationAddresses": ["34.230.71.227/32"],
                        "DestinationPortRanges": [{
                            "From": 22,
                            "To": 22
                        }],
                        "Protocol": "6",
                        "SourceAddresses": ["0.0.0.0/5", "11.0.0.0/8", "12.0.0.0/6", ...],
                        "SourcePortRanges": [{
                            "From": 0,
                            "To": 65535
                        }]
                    },
                    "Vpc": {
                        "Id": "vpc-f1663d98ad28331c7",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:vpc/vpc-f1663d98ad28331c7"
                    },
                    "AdditionalDetails": [],
                    "Explanations": []
                },
                {
                    "SequenceNumber": 2,
                    "AclRule": {
                        "Cidr": "0.0.0.0/0",
                        "Egress": false,
                        "Protocol": "all",
                        "RuleAction": "allow",
                        "RuleNumber": 100
                    },
                    "Component": {
                        "Id": "acl-04fbcfb79260f6c5b",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:network-acl/acl-04fbcfb79260f6c5b"
                    },
                    "AdditionalDetails": [],
                    "Explanations": []
                },
                {
                    "SequenceNumber": 3,
                    "Component": {
                        "Id": "sg-02f0d35a850ba727f",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:security-group/sg-02f0d35a850ba727f"
                    },
                    "SecurityGroupRule": {
                        "Cidr": "0.0.0.0/0",
                        "Direction": "ingress",
                        "PortRange": {
                            "From": 22,
                            "To": 22
                        },
                        "Protocol": "tcp"
                    },
                    "AdditionalDetails": [],
                    "Explanations": []
                },
                {
                    "SequenceNumber": 4,
                    "AttachedTo": {
                        "Id": "i-0495d385ad28331c7",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:instance/i-0495d385ad28331c7"
                    },
                    "Component": {
                        "Id": "eni-0a25edef15a6cc08c",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:network-interface/eni-0a25edef15a6cc08c"
                    },
                    "Subnet": {
                        "Id": "subnet-004ff41eccb4d1194",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:subnet/subnet-004ff41eccb4d1194"
                    },
                    "Vpc": {
                        "Id": "vpc-f1663d98ad28331c7",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:vpc/vpc-f1663d98ad28331c7"
                    },
                    "AdditionalDetails": [],
                    "Explanations": []
                },
                {
                    "SequenceNumber": 5,
                    "Component": {
                        "Id": "i-0626d4edd54f1286d",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:instance/i-0626d4edd54f1286d"
                    },
                    "InboundHeader": {
                        "DestinationAddresses": ["10.0.4.120/32"],
                        "DestinationPortRanges": [{
                            "From": 22,
                            "To": 22
                        }],
                        "Protocol": "6",
                        "SourceAddresses": ["0.0.0.0/5", "11.0.0.0/8", "12.0.0.0/6", ...],
                        "SourcePortRanges": [{
                            "From": 0,
                            "To": 65535
                        }]
                    },
                    "AdditionalDetails": [],
                    "Explanations": []
                }
            ],
            "ReturnPathComponents": [
                {
                    "SequenceNumber": 1,
                    "Component": {
                        "Id": "i-0626d4edd54f1286d",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:instance/i-0626d4edd54f1286d"
                    },
                    "OutboundHeader": {
                        "DestinationAddresses": ["0.0.0.0/5", "11.0.0.0/8", "12.0.0.0/6", ...],
                        "DestinationPortRanges": [{
                            "From": 0,
                            "To": 65535
                        }],
                        "Protocol": "6",
                        "SourceAddresses": ["10.0.2.87/32"],
                        "SourcePortRanges": [{
                            "From": 22,
                            "To": 22
                        }]
                    },
                    "AdditionalDetails": [],
                    "Explanations": []
                },
                {
                    "SequenceNumber": 2,
                    "AttachedTo": {
                        "Id": "i-0495d385ad28331c7",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:instance/i-0495d385ad28331c7"
                    },
                    "Component": {
                        "Id": "eni-0a25edef15a6cc08c",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:network-interface/eni-0a25edef15a6cc08c"
                    },
                    "Subnet": {
                        "Id": "subnet-004ff41eccb4d1194",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:subnet/subnet-004ff41eccb4d1194"
                    },
                    "Vpc": {
                        "Id": "vpc-f1663d98ad28331c7",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:vpc/vpc-f1663d98ad28331c7"
                    },
                    "AdditionalDetails": [],
                    "Explanations": []
                },
                {
                    "SequenceNumber": 3,
                    "Component": {
                        "Id": "sg-02f0d35a850ba727f",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:security-group/sg-02f0d35a850ba727f"
                    },
                    "AdditionalDetails": [],
                    "Explanations": []
                },
                {
                    "SequenceNumber": 4,
                    "AclRule": {
                        "Cidr": "0.0.0.0/0",
                        "Egress": true,
                        "Protocol": "all",
                        "RuleAction": "allow",
                        "RuleNumber": 100
                    },
                    "Component": {
                        "Id": "acl-0a8e20a0a9f144d36",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:network-acl/acl-0a8e20a0a9f144d36"
                    },
                    "AdditionalDetails": [],
                    "Explanations": []
                },
                {
                    "SequenceNumber": 5,
                    "Component": {
                        "Id": "rtb-0d49a54c0a8c0bd9b",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:route-table/rtb-0d49a54c0a8c0bd9b"
                    },
                    "RouteTableRoute": {
                        "DestinationCidr": "0.0.0.0/0",
                        "GatewayId": "igw-0797cccdc9d73b0e5",
                        "Origin": "createroute",
                        "State": "active"
                    },
                    "AdditionalDetails": [],
                    "Explanations": []
                },
                {
                    "SequenceNumber": 6,
                    "Component": {
                        "Id": "igw-0797cccdc9d73b0e5",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:internet-gateway/igw-0797cccdc9d73b0e5"
                    },
                    "OutboundHeader": {
                        "DestinationAddresses": ["0.0.0.0/5", "11.0.0.0/8", "12.0.0.0/6", ...],
                        "DestinationPortRanges": [{
                            "From": 0,
                            "To": 65535
                        }],
                        "Protocol": "6",
                        "SourceAddresses": ["34.230.71.227/32"],
                        "SourcePortRanges": [{
                            "From": 22,
                            "To": 22
                        }]                    
                    },
                    "Vpc": {
                        "Id": "vpc-f1663d98ad28331c7",
                        "Arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:vpc/vpc-f1663d98ad28331c7"
                    },
                    "AdditionalDetails": [],
                    "Explanations": []
                }
            ],
            "Tags": []
        }
    ]
}

Step 4: Delete the path

If you no longer need the path, you can delete it. Before you can delete the path, you must delete its analyses.

To delete the path

1. Use the following delete-network-insights-analysis command to delete the path analysis.

   aws ec2 delete-network-insights-analysis --network-insights-analysis-id nia-02207aa13eb480c7a

2. Use the following delete-network-insights-path to delete the path.

   aws ec2 delete-network-insights-path --network-insights-path-id nip-0b26f224f1d131fa8

If you keep the path, note that Reachability Analyzer will automatically delete the analysis 120 days after its creation date.