Tutorial: Create your first AWS CDK app - AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) v2
PrerequisitesAbout this tutorialStep 1: Create your CDK projectStep 2: Build your CDK appStep 3: List the CDK stacks in your appStep 4: Define your Lambda functionStep 5: Define your Lambda function URLStep 6: Synthesize a CloudFormation templateStep 7: (Optional) Bootstrap your environmentStep 8: Deploy your CDK stackStep 9: Interact with your application on AWSStep 10: Modify your applicationStep 11: Delete your applicationNext steps

This is the AWS CDK v2 Developer Guide. The older CDK v1 entered maintenance on June 1, 2022 and ended support on June 1, 2023.

Tutorial: Create your first AWS CDK app

Get started with using the AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) by creating your first CDK app.

Prerequisites

Before starting this tutorial, complete all set up steps in Getting started with the AWS CDK.

About this tutorial

In this tutorial, you will create and deploy a simple application on AWS using the AWS CDK. The application consists of an AWS Lambda function that returns a Hello World! message when invoked. The function will be invoked through a Lambda function URL that serves as a dedicated HTTP(S) endpoint for your Lambda function.

Through this tutorial, you will perform the following:

  • Create a CDK project using the AWS CDK Command Line Interface (AWS CDK CLI) cdk init command.

  • Use constructs from the AWS Construct Library to define your Lambda function and Lambda function URL resources.

  • Use the CDK CLI to build your app, synthesize an AWS CloudFormation template, and deploy your CDK stack.

  • Interact with your deployed application on AWS.

  • Modify your application and view changes with the CDK CLI cdk diff command.

  • Deploy your CDK stack to implement your changes.

  • Delete your CDK stack using the CDK CLI cdk destroy command.

Step 1: Create your CDK project

In this step, you create a new CDK project. A CDK project should be in its own directory, with its own local module dependencies.

To create a CDK project

  1. From a starting directory of your choice, create and navigate to a directory named hello-cdk:

    $ mkdir hello-cdk && cd hello-cdk
    Important

    Be sure to name your project directory hello-cdk, exactly as shown here. The CDK CLI uses this directory name to name things within your CDK code. If you use a different directory name, you will run into issues during this tutorial.

  2. From the hello-cdk directory, initialize a new CDK project using the AWS CDK CLI cdk init command. Specify the app template and your preferred programming language with the --language option:

    TypeScript
    $ cdk init app --language typescript
    JavaScript
    $ cdk init app --language javascript
    Python
    $ cdk init app --language python

    After the app has been created, also enter the following two commands. These activate the app's Python virtual environment and installs the AWS CDK core dependencies.

    $ source .venv/bin/activate # On Windows, run `.\venv\Scripts\activate` instead
$ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt
    Java
    $ cdk init app --language java

    If you are using an IDE, you can now open or import the project. In Eclipse, for example, choose File > Import > Maven > Existing Maven Projects. Make sure that the project settings are set to use Java 8 (1.8).

    C#
    $ cdk init app --language csharp

    If you are using Visual Studio, open the solution file in the src directory.

    Go
    $ cdk init app --language go

    After the app has been created, also enter the following command to install the AWS Construct Library modules that the app requires.

    $ go get

The cdk init command creates a structure of files and folders within the hello-cdk directory to help organize the source code for your CDK app. This structure of files and folders is called your CDK project. Take a moment to explore your CDK project.

If you have Git installed, each project you create using cdk init is also initialized as a Git repository.

During project initialization, the CDK CLI creates a CDK app containing a single CDK stack. The CDK app instance is created using the App construct. The following is a portion of this code from your CDK application file:

TypeScript

Located in bin/hello-cdk.ts:

#!/usr/bin/env node
import 'source-map-support/register';
import * as cdk from 'aws-cdk-lib';
import { HelloCdkStack } from '../lib/hello-cdk-stack';

const app = new cdk.App();
new HelloCdkStack(app, 'HelloCdkStack', {
});
JavaScript

Located in bin/hello-cdk.js:

#!/usr/bin/env node

const cdk = require('aws-cdk-lib');
const { HelloCdkStack } = require('../lib/hello-cdk-stack');

const app = new cdk.App();
new HelloCdkStack(app, 'HelloCdkStack', {
});
Python

Located in app.py:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import os

import aws_cdk as cdk

from hello_cdk.hello_cdk_stack import HelloCdkStack


app = cdk.App()
HelloCdkStack(app, "HelloCdkStack",)

app.synth()
Java

Located in src/main/java/.../HelloCdkApp.java:

package com.myorg;

import software.amazon.awscdk.App;
import software.amazon.awscdk.Environment;
import software.amazon.awscdk.StackProps;

import java.util.Arrays;

public class HelloCdkApp {
  public static void main(final String[] args) {
    App app = new App();

    new HelloCdkStack(app, "HelloCdkStack", StackProps.builder()
      .build());

    app.synth();
  }
}
C#

Located in src/HelloCdk/Program.cs:

using Amazon.CDK;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

namespace HelloCdk
{
  sealed class Program
  {
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
      var app = new App();
      new HelloCdkStack(app, "HelloCdkStack", new StackProps
      {});
      app.Synth();
    }
  }
}
Go

Located in hello-cdk.go:

package main

import (
  "github.com/aws/aws-cdk-go/awscdk/v2"
  "github.com/aws/constructs-go/constructs/v10"
  "github.com/aws/jsii-runtime-go"
)

// ...

func main() {
  defer jsii.Close()

  app := awscdk.NewApp(nil)

  NewHelloCdkStack(app, "HelloCdkStack", &HelloCdkStackProps{
    awscdk.StackProps{
      Env: env(),
    },
  })

  app.Synth(nil)
}

// ...

The CDK stack is created using the Stack construct. The following is a portion of this code from your CDK stack file:

TypeScript

Located in lib/hello-cdk-stack.ts:

import * as cdk from 'aws-cdk-lib';
import { Construct } from 'constructs';

export class HelloCdkStack extends cdk.Stack {
  constructor(scope: Construct, id: string, props?: cdk.StackProps) {
    super(scope, id, props);
    
    // Define your constructs here

  }
}
JavaScript

Located in lib/hello-cdk-stack.js:

const { Stack } = require('aws-cdk-lib');

class HelloCdkStack extends Stack {
  constructor(scope, id, props) {
    super(scope, id, props);

    // Define your constructs here

  }
}

module.exports = { HelloCdkStack }
Python

Located in hello_cdk/hello_cdk_stack.py:

from aws_cdk import (
  Stack,
)
from constructs import Construct

class HelloCdkStack(Stack):

  def __init__(self, scope: Construct, construct_id: str, **kwargs) -> None:
    super().__init__(scope, construct_id, **kwargs)

    # Define your constructs here
Java

Located in src/main/java/.../HelloCdkStack.java:

package com.myorg;

import software.constructs.Construct;
import software.amazon.awscdk.Stack;
import software.amazon.awscdk.StackProps;

public class HelloCdkStack extends Stack {
  public HelloCdkStack(final Construct scope, final String id) {
    this(scope, id, null);
  }

  public HelloCdkStack(final Construct scope, final String id, final StackProps props) {
    super(scope, id, props);

    // Define your constructs here
  }
}
C#

Located in src/HelloCdk/HelloCdkStack.cs:

using Amazon.CDK;
using Constructs;

namespace HelloCdk
{
  public class HelloCdkStack : Stack
  {
    internal HelloCdkStack(Construct scope, string id, IStackProps props = null) : base(scope, id, props)
    {
      // Define your constructs here
    }
  }
}
Go

Located in hello-cdk.go:

package main

import (
  "github.com/aws/aws-cdk-go/awscdk/v2"
  "github.com/aws/constructs-go/constructs/v10"
  "github.com/aws/jsii-runtime-go"
)

type HelloCdkStackProps struct {
  awscdk.StackProps
}

func NewHelloCdkStack(scope constructs.Construct, id string, props *HelloCdkStackProps) awscdk.Stack {
  var sprops awscdk.StackProps
  if props != nil {
    sprops = props.StackProps
  }
  stack := awscdk.NewStack(scope, &id, &sprops)

  return stack
}

// ...

Step 2: Build your CDK app

In most programming environments, you build or compile code after making changes. This isn't necessary with the AWS CDK since the CDK CLI will automatically perform this step. However, you can still build manually when you want to catch syntax and type errors. The following is an example:

TypeScript
$ npm run build
            
> hello-cdk@0.1.0 build
> tsc
JavaScript

No build step is necessary.

Python

No build step is necessary.

Java
$ mvn compile -q

Or press Control-B in Eclipse (other Java IDEs may vary)

C#
$ dotnet build src

Or press F6 in Visual Studio

Go
$ go build

Step 3: List the CDK stacks in your app

At this point, you should have a CDK app containing a single CDK stack. To verify, use the CDK CLI cdk list command to display your stacks. The output should display a single stack named HelloCdkStack:

$ cdk list
HelloCdkStack

If you don't see this output, verify that you are in the correct working directory of your project and try again. If you still don't see your stack, repeat Step 1: Create your CDK project and try again.

Step 4: Define your Lambda function

In this step, you import the aws_lambda module from the AWS Construct Library and use the Function L2 construct.

Modify your CDK stack file as follows:

TypeScript

Located in lib/hello-cdk-stack.ts:

import * as cdk from 'aws-cdk-lib';
import { Construct } from 'constructs';
// Import the Lambda module
import * as lambda from 'aws-cdk-lib/aws-lambda';

export class HelloCdkStack extends cdk.Stack {
  constructor(scope: Construct, id: string, props?: cdk.StackProps) {
    super(scope, id, props);

    // Define the Lambda function resource
    const myFunction = new lambda.Function(this, "HelloWorldFunction", {
      runtime: lambda.Runtime.NODEJS_20_X, // Provide any supported Node.js runtime
      handler: "index.handler",
      code: lambda.Code.fromInline(`
        exports.handler = async function(event) {
          return {
            statusCode: 200,
            body: JSON.stringify('Hello World!'),
          };
        };
      `),
    });
  }
}
JavaScript

Located in lib/hello-cdk-stack.js:

const { Stack } = require('aws-cdk-lib');
// Import the Lambda module
const lambda = require('aws-cdk-lib/aws-lambda');

class HelloCdkStack extends Stack {
  constructor(scope, id, props) {
    super(scope, id, props);

    // Define the Lambda function resource
    const myFunction = new lambda.Function(this, "HelloWorldFunction", {
      runtime: lambda.Runtime.NODEJS_20_X, // Provide any supported Node.js runtime
      handler: "index.handler",
      code: lambda.Code.fromInline(`
        exports.handler = async function(event) {
          return {
            statusCode: 200,
            body: JSON.stringify('Hello World!'),
          };
        };
      `),
    });

  }
}

module.exports = { HelloCdkStack }
Python

Located in hello_cdk/hello_cdk_stack.py:

from aws_cdk import (
  Stack,
  aws_lambda as _lambda, # Import the Lambda module
)
from constructs import Construct

class HelloCdkStack(Stack):

  def __init__(self, scope: Construct, construct_id: str, **kwargs) -> None:
    super().__init__(scope, construct_id, **kwargs)

    # Define the Lambda function resource
    my_function = _lambda.Function(
      self, "HelloWorldFunction", 
      runtime = _lambda.Runtime.NODEJS_20_X, # Provide any supported Node.js runtime
      handler = "index.handler",
      code = _lambda.Code.from_inline(
        """
        exports.handler = async function(event) {
          return {
            statusCode: 200,
            body: JSON.stringify('Hello World!'),
          };
        };
        """
      ),
    )
Java

Located in src/main/java/.../HelloCdkStack.java:

package com.myorg;

import software.constructs.Construct;
import software.amazon.awscdk.Stack;
import software.amazon.awscdk.StackProps;
// Import Lambda function
import software.amazon.awscdk.services.lambda.Code;
import software.amazon.awscdk.services.lambda.Function;
import software.amazon.awscdk.services.lambda.Runtime;

public class HelloCdkStack extends Stack {
  public HelloCdkStack(final Construct scope, final String id) {
    this(scope, id, null);
  }

  public HelloCdkStack(final Construct scope, final String id, final StackProps props) {
    super(scope, id, props);

    // Define the Lambda function resource
    Function myFunction = Function.Builder.create(this, "HelloWorldFunction")
      .runtime(Runtime.NODEJS_20_X) // Provide any supported Node.js runtime
      .handler("index.handler")
      .code(Code.fromInline(
        "exports.handler = async function(event) {" +
        " return {" +
        " statusCode: 200," +
        " body: JSON.stringify('Hello World!')" +
        " };" +
        "};"))
      .build();

  }
}
C#

Located in src/main/java/.../HelloCdkStack.java:

using Amazon.CDK;
using Constructs;
// Import the Lambda module
using Amazon.CDK.AWS.Lambda;

namespace HelloCdk
{
  public class HelloCdkStack : Stack
  {
    internal HelloCdkStack(Construct scope, string id, IStackProps props = null) : base(scope, id, props)
    {
      // Define the Lambda function resource
      var myFunction = new Function(this, "HelloWorldFunction", new FunctionProps
      {
        Runtime = Runtime.NODEJS_20_X, // Provide any supported Node.js runtime
        Handler = "index.handler",
        Code = Code.FromInline(@"
          exports.handler = async function(event) {
            return {
              statusCode: 200,
              body: JSON.stringify('Hello World!'),
            };
          };
        "),
      });
    }
  }
}
Go

Located in hello-cdk.go:

package main

import (
  "github.com/aws/aws-cdk-go/awscdk/v2"
  "github.com/aws/constructs-go/constructs/v10"
  "github.com/aws/jsii-runtime-go"
  // Import the Lambda module
  "github.com/aws/aws-cdk-go/awscdk/v2/awslambda"
)

type HelloCdkStackProps struct {
  awscdk.StackProps
}

func NewHelloCdkStack(scope constructs.Construct, id string, props *HelloCdkStackProps) awscdk.Stack {
  var sprops awscdk.StackProps
  if props != nil {
    sprops = props.StackProps
  }
  stack := awscdk.NewStack(scope, &id, &sprops)

  // Define the Lambda function resource
  myFunction := awslambda.NewFunction(stack, jsii.String("HelloWorldFunction"), &awslambda.FunctionProps{
    Runtime: awslambda.Runtime_NODEJS_20_X(), // Provide any supported Node.js runtime
    Handler: jsii.String("index.handler"),
    Code: awslambda.Code_FromInline(jsii.String(`
      exports.handler = async function(event) {
        return {
          statusCode: 200,
          body: JSON.stringify('Hello World!'),
        };
      };
    `)),
  })

  return stack
}

// ...

Let's take a closer look at the Function construct. Like all constructs, the Function class takes three parameters:

  • scope – Defines your Stack instance as the parent of the Function construct. All constructs that define AWS resources are created within the scope of a stack. You can define constructs inside of constructs, creating a hierarchy (tree). Here, and in most cases, the scope is this (self in Python).

  • Id – The logical ID of the Function within your AWS CDK app. This ID, plus a hash based on the function's location within the stack, uniquely identifies the function during deployment. The AWS CDK also references this ID when you update the construct in your app and re-deploy to update the deployed resource. Here, your logical ID is HelloWorldFunction. Functions can also have a name, specified with the functionName property. This is different from the logical ID.

  • props – A bundle of values that define properties of the function. Here you define the runtime, handler, and code properties.

    Props are represented differently in the languages supported by the AWS CDK.

    • In TypeScript and JavaScript, props is a single argument and you pass in an object containing the desired properties.

    • In Python, props are passed as keyword arguments.

    • In Java, a Builder is provided to pass the props. There are two: one for FunctionProps, and a second for Function to let you build the construct and its props object in one step. This code uses the latter.

    • In C#, you instantiate a FunctionProps object using an object initializer and pass it as the third parameter.

    If a construct's props are optional, you can omit the props parameter entirely.

All constructs take these same three arguments, so it's easy to stay oriented as you learn about new ones. And as you might expect, you can subclass any construct to extend it to suit your needs, or if you want to change its defaults.

Step 5: Define your Lambda function URL

In this step, you use the addFunctionUrl helper method of the Function construct to define a Lambda function URL. To output the value of this URL at deployment, you will create an AWS CloudFormation output using the CfnOutput construct.

Add the following to your CDK stack file:

TypeScript

Located in lib/hello-cdk-stack.ts:

// ...

export class HelloCdkStack extends cdk.Stack {
  constructor(scope: Construct, id: string, props?: cdk.StackProps) {
    super(scope, id, props);

    // Define the Lambda function resource
    // ...

    // Define the Lambda function URL resource
    const myFunctionUrl = myFunction.addFunctionUrl({
      authType: lambda.FunctionUrlAuthType.NONE,
    });

    // Define a CloudFormation output for your URL
    new cdk.CfnOutput(this, "myFunctionUrlOutput", {
      value: myFunctionUrl.url,
    })

  }
}
JavaScript

Located in lib/hello-cdk-stack.js:

const { Stack, CfnOutput } = require('aws-cdk-lib');  // Import CfnOutput

class HelloCdkStack extends Stack {
  constructor(scope, id, props) {
    super(scope, id, props);

    // Define the Lambda function resource
    // ...

    // Define the Lambda function URL resource
    const myFunctionUrl = myFunction.addFunctionUrl({
      authType: lambda.FunctionUrlAuthType.NONE,
    });

    // Define a CloudFormation output for your URL
    new CfnOutput(this, "myFunctionUrlOutput", {
      value: myFunctionUrl.url,
    })

  }
}

module.exports = { HelloCdkStack }
Python

Located in hello_cdk/hello_cdk_stack.py:

from aws_cdk import (
  # ...
  CfnOutput # Import CfnOutput
)
from constructs import Construct

class HelloCdkStack(Stack):

  def __init__(self, scope: Construct, construct_id: str, **kwargs) -> None:
    super().__init__(scope, construct_id, **kwargs)

    # Define the Lambda function resource
    # ...

    # Define the Lambda function URL resource
    my_function_url = my_function.add_function_url(
      auth_type = _lambda.FunctionUrlAuthType.NONE,
    )

    # Define a CloudFormation output for your URL
    CfnOutput(self, "myFunctionUrlOutput", value=my_function_url.url)
Java

Located in src/main/java/.../HelloCdkStack.java:

package com.myorg;

// ...
// Import Lambda function URL
import software.amazon.awscdk.services.lambda.FunctionUrl;
import software.amazon.awscdk.services.lambda.FunctionUrlAuthType;
import software.amazon.awscdk.services.lambda.FunctionUrlOptions;
// Import CfnOutput
import software.amazon.awscdk.CfnOutput;

public class HelloCdkStack extends Stack {
  public HelloCdkStack(final Construct scope, final String id) {
    this(scope, id, null);
  }

  public HelloCdkStack(final Construct scope, final String id, final StackProps props) {
    super(scope, id, props);

    // Define the Lambda function resource
    // ...

    // Define the Lambda function URL resource
    FunctionUrl myFunctionUrl = myFunction.addFunctionUrl(FunctionUrlOptions.builder()
      .authType(FunctionUrlAuthType.NONE)
      .build());

    // Define a CloudFormation output for your URL
    CfnOutput.Builder.create(this, "myFunctionUrlOutput")
      .value(myFunctionUrl.getUrl())
      .build();
  }
}
C#

Located in src/main/java/.../HelloCdkStack.java:

// ...

namespace HelloCdk
{
  public class HelloCdkStack : Stack
  {
    internal HelloCdkStack(Construct scope, string id, IStackProps props = null) : base(scope, id, props)
    {
      // Define the Lambda function resource
      // ...

      // Define the Lambda function URL resource
      var myFunctionUrl = myFunction.AddFunctionUrl(new FunctionUrlOptions
      {
        AuthType = FunctionUrlAuthType.NONE
      });

      // Define a CloudFormation output for your URL
      new CfnOutput(this, "myFunctionUrlOutput", new CfnOutputProps
      {
        Value = myFunctionUrl.Url
      });
    }
  }
}
Go

Located in hello-cdk.go:

// ...

func NewHelloCdkStack(scope constructs.Construct, id string, props *HelloCdkStackProps) awscdk.Stack {
  var sprops awscdk.StackProps
  if props != nil {
    sprops = props.StackProps
  }
  stack := awscdk.NewStack(scope, &id, &sprops)

  // Define the Lambda function resource
  // ...

  // Define the Lambda function URL resource
  myFunctionUrl := myFunction.AddFunctionUrl(&awslambda.FunctionUrlOptions{
    AuthType: awslambda.FunctionUrlAuthType_NONE,
  })

  // Define a CloudFormation output for your URL
  awscdk.NewCfnOutput(stack, jsii.String("myFunctionUrlOutput"), &awscdk.CfnOutputProps{
    Value: myFunctionUrl.Url(),
  })

  return stack
}

// ...
Warning

To keep this tutorial simple, your Lambda function URL is defined without authentication. When deployed, this creates a publicly accessible endpoint that can be used to invoke your function. When you are done with this tutorial, follow Step 11: Delete your application to delete these resources.

Step 6: Synthesize a CloudFormation template

In this step, you prepare for deployment by synthesizing a CloudFormation template with the CDK CLI cdk synth command. This command performs basic validation of your CDK code, runs your CDK app, and generates a CloudFormation template from your CDK stack.

If your app contains more than one stack, you must specify which stacks to synthesize. Since your app contains a single stack, the CDK CLI automatically detects the stack to synthesize.

If you don't synthesize a template, the CDK CLI will automatically perform this step when you deploy. However, we recommend that you run this step before each deployment to check for synthesis errors.

Before synthesizing a template, you can optionally build your application to catch syntax and type errors. For instructions, see Step 2: Build your CDK app.

To synthesize a CloudFormation template, run the following from the root of your project:

$ cdk synth
Note

If you receive an error like the following, verify that you are in the hello-cdk directory and try again:

--app is required either in command-line, in cdk.json or in ~/.cdk.json

If successful, the CDK CLI will output a YAML–formatted CloudFormation template to stdout and save a JSON–formatted template in the cdk.out directory of your project.

The following is an example output of the CloudFormation template:

Resources:
  HelloWorldFunctionServiceRoleunique-identifier:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Statement:
          - Action: sts:AssumeRole
            Effect: Allow
            Principal:
              Service: lambda.amazonaws.com
        Version: "2012-10-17"
      ManagedPolicyArns:
        - Fn::Join:
            - ""
            - - "arn:"
              - Ref: AWS::Partition
              - :iam::aws:policy/service-role/AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole
    Metadata:
      aws:cdk:path: HelloCdkStack/HelloWorldFunction/ServiceRole/Resource
  HelloWorldFunctionunique-identifier:
    Type: AWS::Lambda::Function
    Properties:
      Code:
        ZipFile: "

          \        exports.handler = async function(event) {

          \          return {

          \            statusCode: 200,

          \            body: JSON.stringify('Hello World!'),

          \          };

          \        };

          \      "
      Handler: index.handler
      Role:
        Fn::GetAtt:
          - HelloWorldFunctionServiceRoleunique-identifier
          - Arn
      Runtime: nodejs20.x
    DependsOn:
      - HelloWorldFunctionServiceRoleunique-identifier
    Metadata:
      aws:cdk:path: HelloCdkStack/HelloWorldFunction/Resource
  HelloWorldFunctionFunctionUrlunique-identifier:
    Type: AWS::Lambda::Url
    Properties:
      AuthType: NONE
      TargetFunctionArn:
        Fn::GetAtt:
          - HelloWorldFunctionunique-identifier
          - Arn
    Metadata:
      aws:cdk:path: HelloCdkStack/HelloWorldFunction/FunctionUrl/Resource
  HelloWorldFunctioninvokefunctionurlunique-identifier:
    Type: AWS::Lambda::Permission
    Properties:
      Action: lambda:InvokeFunctionUrl
      FunctionName:
        Fn::GetAtt:
          - HelloWorldFunctionunique-identifier
          - Arn
      FunctionUrlAuthType: NONE
      Principal: "*"
    Metadata:
      aws:cdk:path: HelloCdkStack/HelloWorldFunction/invoke-function-url
  CDKMetadata:
    Type: AWS::CDK::Metadata
    Properties:
      Analytics: v2:deflate64:unique-identifier
    Metadata:
      aws:cdk:path: HelloCdkStack/CDKMetadata/Default
    Condition: CDKMetadataAvailable
Outputs:
  myFunctionUrlOutput:
    Value:
      Fn::GetAtt:
        - HelloWorldFunctionFunctionUrlunique-identifier
        - FunctionUrl
Conditions:
  CDKMetadataAvailable:
    Fn::Or:
      - Fn::Or:
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - af-south-1
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - ap-east-1
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - ap-northeast-1
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - ap-northeast-2
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - ap-south-1
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - ap-southeast-1
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - ap-southeast-2
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - ca-central-1
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - cn-north-1
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - cn-northwest-1
      - Fn::Or:
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - eu-central-1
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - eu-north-1
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - eu-south-1
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - eu-west-1
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - eu-west-2
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - eu-west-3
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - il-central-1
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - me-central-1
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - me-south-1
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - sa-east-1
      - Fn::Or:
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - us-east-1
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - us-east-2
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - us-west-1
          - Fn::Equals:
              - Ref: AWS::Region
              - us-west-2
Parameters:
  BootstrapVersion:
    Type: AWS::SSM::Parameter::Value<String>
    Default: /cdk-bootstrap/unique-identifier/version
    Description: Version of the CDK Bootstrap resources in this environment, automatically retrieved from SSM Parameter Store. [cdk:skip]
Rules:
  CheckBootstrapVersion:
    Assertions:
      - Assert:
          Fn::Not:
            - Fn::Contains:
                - - "1"
                  - "2"
                  - "3"
                  - "4"
                  - "5"
                - Ref: BootstrapVersion
        AssertDescription: CDK bootstrap stack version 6 required. Please run 'cdk bootstrap' with a recent version of the CDK CLI.
Note

Every generated template contains an AWS::CDK::Metadata resource by default. The AWS CDK team uses this metadata to gain insight into AWS CDK usage and find ways to improve it. For details, including how to opt out of version reporting, see Version reporting.

By defining a single L2 construct, the AWS CDK creates an extensive CloudFormation template containing your Lambda resources, along with the permissions and glue logic required for your resources to interact within your application.

Step 7: (Optional) Bootstrap your environment

For this tutorial, you will be deploying into your default environment. This environment is configured and bootstrapped during the getting started process.

If you want to deploy this application into another environment, you must specify the environment in your CDK code and bootstrap the environment. For instructions, see the following:

Step 8: Deploy your CDK stack

In this step, you use the CDK CLI cdk deploy command to deploy your CDK stack. This command retrieves your generated CloudFormation template and deploys it through AWS CloudFormation, which provisions your resources as part of a CloudFormation stack.

From the root of your project, run the following. Confirm changes if prompted:

$ cdk deploy

✨  Synthesis time: 2.69s

HelloCdkStack:  start: Building unique-identifier:current_account-current_region
HelloCdkStack:  success: Built unique-identifier:current_account-current_region
HelloCdkStack:  start: Publishing unique-identifier:current_account-current_region
HelloCdkStack:  success: Published unique-identifier:current_account-current_region
This deployment will make potentially sensitive changes according to your current security approval level (--require-approval broadening).
Please confirm you intend to make the following modifications:

IAM Statement Changes
┌───┬───────────────────────────────────────┬────────┬──────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┬───────────┐
│   │ Resource                              │ Effect │ Action                   │ Principal                    │ Condition │
├───┼───────────────────────────────────────┼────────┼──────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────┼───────────┤
│ + │ ${HelloWorldFunction.Arn}             │ Allow  │ lambda:InvokeFunctionUrl │ *                            │           │
├───┼───────────────────────────────────────┼────────┼──────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────┼───────────┤
│ + │ ${HelloWorldFunction/ServiceRole.Arn} │ Allow  │ sts:AssumeRole           │ Service:lambda.amazonaws.com │           │
└───┴───────────────────────────────────────┴────────┴──────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────┴───────────┘
IAM Policy Changes
┌───┬───────────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│   │ Resource                          │ Managed Policy ARN                                                             │
├───┼───────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ + │ ${HelloWorldFunction/ServiceRole} │ arn:${AWS::Partition}:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole │
└───┴───────────────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
(NOTE: There may be security-related changes not in this list. See https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/issues/1299)

Do you wish to deploy these changes (y/n)? y

Similar to cdk synth, you don't have to specify the AWS CDK stack since the app contains a single stack.

During deployment, the CDK CLI displays progress information as your stack is deployed. When complete, you can go to the AWS CloudFormation console to view your HelloCdkStack stack. You can also go to the Lambda console to view your HelloWorldFunction resource.

When deployment completes, the CDK CLI will output your endpoint URL. Copy this URL for the next step. The following is an example:

...
HelloCdkStack: deploying... [1/1]
HelloCdkStack: creating CloudFormation changeset...

 ✅  HelloCdkStack

✨  Deployment time: 41.65s

Outputs:
HelloCdkStack.myFunctionUrlOutput = https://<api-id>.lambda-url.<Region>.on.aws/
Stack ARN:
arn:aws:cloudformation:Region:account-id:stack/HelloCdkStack/unique-identifier

✨  Total time: 44.34s

Step 9: Interact with your application on AWS

In this step, you interact with your application on AWS by invoking your Lambda function through the function URL. When you access the URL, your Lambda function returns the Hello World! message.

To invoke your function, access the function URL through your browser or from the command line. The following is an example:

$ curl https://<api-id>.lambda-url.<Region>.on.aws/
"Hello World!"%

Step 10: Modify your application

In this step, you modify the message that the Lambda function returns when invoked. You perform a diff using the CDK CLI cdk diff command to preview your changes and deploy to update your application. You then interact with your application on AWS to see your new message.

Modify the myFunction instance in your CDK stack file as follows:

TypeScript

Located in lib/hello-cdk-stack.ts:

// ...

export class HelloCdkStack extends cdk.Stack {
  constructor(scope: Construct, id: string, props?: cdk.StackProps) {
    super(scope, id, props);

    // Modify the Lambda function resource
    const myFunction = new lambda.Function(this, "HelloWorldFunction", {
      runtime: lambda.Runtime.NODEJS_20_X, // Provide any supported Node.js runtime
      handler: "index.handler",
      code: lambda.Code.fromInline(`
        exports.handler = async function(event) {
          return {
            statusCode: 200,
            body: JSON.stringify('Hello CDK!'),
          };
        };
      `),
    });

    // ...
JavaScript

Located in lib/hello-cdk-stack.js:

// ...

class HelloCdkStack extends Stack {
  constructor(scope, id, props) {
    super(scope, id, props);

    // Modify the Lambda function resource
    const myFunction = new lambda.Function(this, "HelloWorldFunction", {
      runtime: lambda.Runtime.NODEJS_20_X, // Provide any supported Node.js runtime
      handler: "index.handler",
      code: lambda.Code.fromInline(`
        exports.handler = async function(event) {
          return {
            statusCode: 200,
            body: JSON.stringify('Hello CDK!'),
          };
        };
      `),
    });

    // ...

  }
}

module.exports = { HelloCdkStack }
Python

Located in hello_cdk/hello_cdk_stack.py:

# ...

class HelloCdkStack(Stack):

  def __init__(self, scope: Construct, construct_id: str, **kwargs) -> None:
    super().__init__(scope, construct_id, **kwargs)

    # Modify the Lambda function resource
    my_function = _lambda.Function(
      self, "HelloWorldFunction", 
      runtime = _lambda.Runtime.NODEJS_20_X, # Provide any supported Node.js runtime
      handler = "index.handler",
      code = _lambda.Code.from_inline(
        """
        exports.handler = async function(event) {
          return {
            statusCode: 200,
            body: JSON.stringify('Hello CDK!'),
          };
        };
        """
      ),
    )

    # ...
Java

Located in src/main/java/.../HelloCdkStack.java:

// ...

public class HelloCdkStack extends Stack {
  public HelloCdkStack(final Construct scope, final String id) {
    this(scope, id, null);
  }

  public HelloCdkStack(final Construct scope, final String id, final StackProps props) {
    super(scope, id, props);

    // Modify the Lambda function resource
    Function myFunction = Function.Builder.create(this, "HelloWorldFunction")
      .runtime(Runtime.NODEJS_20_X) // Provide any supported Node.js runtime
      .handler("index.handler")
      .code(Code.fromInline(
        "exports.handler = async function(event) {" +
        " return {" +
        " statusCode: 200," +
        " body: JSON.stringify('Hello CDK!')" +
        " };" +
        "};"))
      .build();

    // ...
  }
}
C#

// ...

namespace HelloCdk
{
  public class HelloCdkStack : Stack
  {
    internal HelloCdkStack(Construct scope, string id, IStackProps props = null) : base(scope, id, props)
    {
      // Modify the Lambda function resource
      var myFunction = new Function(this, "HelloWorldFunction", new FunctionProps
      {
        Runtime = Runtime.NODEJS_20_X, // Provide any supported Node.js runtime
        Handler = "index.handler",
        Code = Code.FromInline(@"
          exports.handler = async function(event) {
            return {
              statusCode: 200,
              body: JSON.stringify('Hello CDK!'),
            };
          };
        "),
      });

      // ...
    }
  }
}
Go

// ...

type HelloCdkStackProps struct {
  awscdk.StackProps
}

func NewHelloCdkStack(scope constructs.Construct, id string, props *HelloCdkStackProps) awscdk.Stack {
  var sprops awscdk.StackProps
  if props != nil {
    sprops = props.StackProps
  }
  stack := awscdk.NewStack(scope, &id, &sprops)

  // Modify the Lambda function resource
  myFunction := awslambda.NewFunction(stack, jsii.String("HelloWorldFunction"), &awslambda.FunctionProps{
    Runtime: awslambda.Runtime_NODEJS_20_X(), // Provide any supported Node.js runtime
    Handler: jsii.String("index.handler"),
    Code: awslambda.Code_FromInline(jsii.String(`
      exports.handler = async function(event) {
        return {
          statusCode: 200,
          body: JSON.stringify('Hello CDK!'),
        };
      };
    `)),
  })

// ...

Currently, your code changes have not made any direct updates to your deployed Lambda resource. Your code defines the desired state of your resource. To modify your deployed resource, you will use the CDK CLI to synthesize the desired state into a new AWS CloudFormation template. Then, you will deploy your new CloudFormation template as a change set. Change sets make only the necessary changes to reach your new desired state.

To preview your changes, run the cdk diff command. The following is an example:

$ cdk diff
Stack HelloCdkStack
Hold on while we create a read-only change set to get a diff with accurate replacement information (use --no-change-set to use a less accurate but faster template-only diff)
Resources
[~] AWS::Lambda::Function HelloWorldFunction HelloWorldFunctionunique-identifier
 └─ [~] Code
     └─ [~] .ZipFile:
         ├─ [-] 
                exports.handler = async function(event) {
                    return {
                      statusCode: 200,
                      body: JSON.stringify('Hello World!'),
                    };
                };
                
         └─ [+] 
                exports.handler = async function(event) {
                    return {
                      statusCode: 200,
                      body: JSON.stringify('Hello CDK!'),
                    };
                };
                

✨  Number of stacks with differences: 1

To create this diff, the CDK CLI queries your AWS account account for the latest AWS CloudFormation template for the HelloCdkStack stack. Then, it compares the latest template with the template it just synthesized from your app.

To implement your changes, run the cdk deploy command. The following is an example:

$ cdk deploy

✨  Synthesis time: 2.12s

HelloCdkStack:  start: Building unique-identifier:current_account-current_region
HelloCdkStack:  success: Built unique-identifier:current_account-current_region
HelloCdkStack:  start: Publishing unique-identifier:current_account-current_region
HelloCdkStack:  success: Published unique-identifier:current_account-current_region
HelloCdkStack: deploying... [1/1]
HelloCdkStack: creating CloudFormation changeset...

 ✅  HelloCdkStack

✨  Deployment time: 26.96s

Outputs:
HelloCdkStack.myFunctionUrlOutput = https://unique-identifier.lambda-url.<Region>.on.aws/
Stack ARN:
arn:aws:cloudformation:Region:account-id:stack/HelloCdkStack/unique-identifier

✨  Total time: 29.07s

To interact with your application, repeat Step 9: Interact with your application on AWS. The following is an example:

$ curl https://<api-id>.lambda-url.<Region>.on.aws/
"Hello CDK!"%

Step 11: Delete your application

In this step, you use the CDK CLI cdk destroy command to delete your application. This command deletes the CloudFormation stack associated with your CDK stack, which includes the resources you created.

To delete your application, run the cdk destroy command and confirm your request to delete the application. The following is an example:

$ cdk destroy
Are you sure you want to delete: HelloCdkStack (y/n)? y
HelloCdkStack: destroying... [1/1]

 ✅  HelloCdkStack: destroyed

Next steps

Congratulations! You've completed this tutorial and have used the AWS CDK to successfully create, modify, and delete resources in the AWS Cloud. You're now ready to begin using the AWS CDK.

To learn more about using the AWS CDK in your preferred programming language, see Working with the AWS CDK in supported programming languages.

For additional resources, see the following:

  • Try the CDK Workshop for a more in-depth tour involving a more complex project.

  • See the API reference to begin exploring the CDK constructs available for your favorite AWS services.

  • Visit Construct Hub to discover constructs created by AWS and others.

  • Explore Examples of using the AWS CDK.

The AWS CDK is an open-source project. To contribute, see to Contributing to the AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK).