Getting started with the AWS CDK - AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) v2
Your backgroundKey conceptsSupported programming languagesPrerequisitesAuthentication with AWSInstall the AWS CDKBootstrappingAWS CDK toolsNext steps

This is the AWS CDK v2 Developer Guide. The older CDK v1 entered maintenance on June 1, 2022 and will now receive only critical bug fixes and security patches. New features will be developed for CDK v2 exclusively. Support for CDK v1 will end entirely on June 1, 2023.

Getting started with the AWS CDK

This topic introduces you to important AWS CDK concepts and describes how to install and configure the AWS CDK. When you're done, you'll be ready to create your first AWS CDK app.

Your background

The AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) lets you define your cloud infrastructure as code in one of its supported programming languages. It is intended for moderately to highly experienced AWS users.

Ideally, you already have experience with popular AWS services, particularly AWS IAM Identity Center. You might also have experience working with AWS resources programmatically.

Familiarity with AWS CloudFormation is also useful, because the output of an AWS CDK program is an AWS CloudFormation template.

Finally, you should be proficient in the programming language you intend to use with the AWS CDK.

Key concepts

The AWS CDK is designed around a handful of important concepts. We will introduce a few of these here briefly. Follow the links to learn more, or see the Concepts topics in this guide's Table of Contents.

An AWS CDK app is an application written in TypeScript, JavaScript, Python, Java, C# or Go that uses the AWS CDK to define AWS infrastructure. An app defines one or more stacks. Stacks (equivalent to AWS CloudFormation stacks) contain constructs. Each construct defines one or more concrete AWS resources, such as Amazon S3 buckets, Lambda functions, or Amazon DynamoDB tables.

Constructs (and also stacks and apps) are represented as classes (types) in your programming language of choice. You instantiate constructs within a stack to declare them to AWS, and connect them to each other using well-defined interfaces.

The AWS CDK includes the CDK Toolkit (also called the CLI), a command line tool for working with your AWS CDK apps and stacks. Among other functions, the Toolkit provides the ability to do the following:

  • Convert one or more AWS CDK stacks to AWS CloudFormation templates and related assets (a process called synthesis)

  • Deploy your stacks to an AWS account and Region

The AWS CDK includes a library of AWS constructs called the AWS Construct Library, organized into various modules. The library contains constructs for each AWS service. The main CDK package is called aws-cdk-lib, and it contains the majority of the AWS Construct Library. It also contains base classes like Stack and App that are used in most CDK applications.

The actual package name of the main CDK package varies by language.

TypeScript
Install npm install aws-cdk-lib
Import import * as cdk from 'aws-cdk-lib';
JavaScript
Install npm install aws-cdk-lib
Import const cdk = require('aws-cdk-lib');
Python
Install python -m pip install aws-cdk-lib
Import import aws_cdk as cdk
Java
In pom.xml, add Group software.amazon.awscdk; artifact aws-cdk-lib
Import import software.amazon.awscdk.App;
C#
Install dotnet add package Amazon.CDK.Lib
Import using Amazon.CDK;
Go
Install go get github.com/aws/aws-cdk-go/awscdk/v2
Import 
import (
  "github.com/aws/aws-cdk-go/awscdk/v2"
)
Note

If you created a CDK project using cdk init, you don't need to manually install aws-cdk-lib.

Constructs come in three fundamental flavors:

  • AWS CloudFormation-only or L1 (short for "layer 1"). These constructs correspond directly to resource types defined by AWS CloudFormation. In fact, these constructs are automatically generated from the AWS CloudFormation specification. Therefore, when a new AWS service is launched, the AWS CDK supports it a short time after AWS CloudFormation does.

    AWS CloudFormation resources always have names that begin with Cfn. For example, for the Amazon S3 service, CfnBucket is the L1 construct for an Amazon S3 bucket.

    All L1 resources are in aws-cdk-lib.

  • Curated or L2. These constructs are carefully developed by the AWS CDK team to address specific use cases and simplify infrastructure development. For the most part, they encapsulate L1 resources, providing sensible defaults and best practice security policies. For example, Bucket is the L2 construct for an Amazon S3 bucket.

    Libraries may also define supporting resources needed by the primary L2 resource. Some services have more than one L2 namespace in the Construct Library for organizational purposes.

    aws-cdk-lib contains L2 constructs that are designated stable, i.e., ready for production use. If a service's L2 support is still under development, its constructs are designated experimental and provided in a separate module.

  • Patterns or L3. Patterns declare multiple resources to create entire AWS architectures for particular use cases. All the plumbing is already hooked up, and configuration is boiled down to a few important parameters.

    As with L2 constructs, L3 constructs that are ready for production use (stable) are included in aws-cdk-lib, while those still under development are in separate modules.

Finally, the constructs package contains the Construct base class. It's in its own package because it's used by other construct-based tools in addition to the AWS CDK, including CDK for Terraform and CDK for Kubernetes.

Numerous third parties have also published constructs compatible with the AWS CDK. Visit Construct Hub to explore the AWS CDK construct partner ecosystem.

Supported programming languages

The AWS CDK has first-class support for TypeScript, JavaScript, Python, Java, C#, and Go. Other JVM and .NET CLR languages may also be used, at least in theory. However, we are unable to offer support for them at this time.

To facilitate supporting so many languages, the AWS CDK is developed in one language (TypeScript). Language bindings are generated for the other languages through the use of a tool called JSII.

We have taken pains to make AWS CDK app development in each language follow that language's usual conventions. This way, writing AWS CDK apps feels natural, not like writing TypeScript in Python, for example. Take a look at the following examples:

TypeScript
const bucket = new s3.Bucket(this, 'MyBucket', {
  bucketName: 'my-bucket',
  versioned: true,
  websiteRedirect: {hostName: 'aws.amazon.com'}});
JavaScript
const bucket = new s3.Bucket(this, 'MyBucket', {
  bucketName: 'my-bucket',
  versioned: true,
  websiteRedirect: {hostName: 'aws.amazon.com'}});
Python
bucket = s3.Bucket("MyBucket", bucket_name="my-bucket", versioned=True,
            website_redirect=s3.RedirectTarget(host_name="aws.amazon.com"))
Java
Bucket bucket = Bucket.Builder.create(self, "MyBucket")
                      .bucketName("my-bucket")
                      .versioned(true)
                      .websiteRedirect(new RedirectTarget.Builder()
                          .hostName("aws.amazon.com").build())
                      .build();
C#
var bucket = new Bucket(this, "MyBucket", new BucketProps {
                      BucketName = "my-bucket",
                      Versioned  = true,
                      WebsiteRedirect = new RedirectTarget {
                              HostName = "aws.amazon.com"
                      }});
Go
bucket := awss3.NewBucket(scope, jsii.String("MyBucket"), &awss3.BucketProps {
	BucketName: jsii.String("my-bucket"),
	Versioned: jsii.Bool(true),
	WebsiteRedirect: &awss3.RedirectTarget {
		HostName: jsii.String("aws.amazon.com"),
	},
})
Note

These code snippets are intended for illustration only. They are incomplete and won't run as they are.

The AWS Construct Library is distributed using each language's standard package management tools, including NPM, PyPi, Maven, and NuGet. There's even a version of the AWS CDK API Reference for each language.

To help you use the AWS CDK in your favorite language, this guide includes the following topics for supported languages:

TypeScript was the first language supported by the AWS CDK, and much AWS CDK example code is written in TypeScript. This guide includes a topic specifically to show how to adapt TypeScript AWS CDK code for use with the other supported languages. For more information, see Translating TypeScript AWS CDK code to other languages.

Prerequisites

Here's what you need to install to use the AWS CDK.

All AWS CDK developers, even those working in Python, Java, or C#, need Node.js 14.15.0 or later. All supported languages use the same backend, which runs on Node.js. We recommend a version in active long-term support. Your organization may have a different recommendation.

Important

Node.js versions 13.0.0 through 13.6.0 are not compatible with the AWS CDK due to compatibility issues with its dependencies.

Other prerequisites depend on the language in which you develop AWS CDK applications and are as follows.

TypeScript

  • TypeScript 3.8 or later (npm -g install typescript)

JavaScript

No additional requirements

Python

  • Python 3.7 or later including pip and virtualenv

Java

  • Java Development Kit (JDK) 8 (a.k.a. 1.8) or later

  • Apache Maven 3.5 or later

Java IDE recommended (we use Eclipse in some examples in this guide). IDE must be able to import Maven projects. Check to make sure that your project is set to use Java 1.8. Set the JAVA_HOME environment variable to the path where you have installed the JDK.

C#

.NET Core 3.1 or later, or .NET 6.0 or later.

Visual Studio 2019 (any edition) or Visual Studio Code recommended.

Go

Go 1.1.8 or later.
Note

Third-party language deprecation: each language version is only supported until its EOL (End Of Life) shared by the vendor or community and is subject to change with prior notice.

Authentication with AWS

You must establish how the AWS CDK authenticates with AWS when developing with AWS services. There are different ways in which you can configure programmatic access to AWS resources, depending on the environment and the AWS access available to you.

To choose your method of authentication and configure it for the AWS CDK, see Authentication and access in the AWS SDKs and Tools Reference Guide.

The recommended approach for new users developing locally, who aren't given a method of authentication by their employer, is to set up AWS IAM Identity Center. This method includes installing the AWS CLI for ease of configuration and for regularly signing in to the AWS access portal. If you choose this method, your environment should contain the following elements after you complete the procedure for IAM Identity Center authentication in the AWS SDKs and Tools Reference Guide:

  • The AWS CLI, which you use to start an AWS access portal session before you run your application.

  • A shared AWSconfig file having a [default] profile with a set of configuration values that can be referenced from the AWS CDK. To find the location of this file, see Location of the shared files in the AWS SDKs and Tools Reference Guide.

  • The shared config file sets the region setting. This sets the default AWS Region the AWS CDK uses for AWS requests.

  • The AWS CDK uses the profile's SSO token provider configuration to acquire credentials before sending requests to AWS. The sso_role_name value, which is an IAM role connected to an IAM Identity Center permission set, should allow access to the AWS services used in your application.

    The following sample config file shows a default profile set up with SSO token provider configuration. The profile's sso_session setting refers to the named sso-session section. The sso-session section contains settings to initiate an AWS access portal session.

    [default]
sso_session = my-sso
sso_account_id = 111122223333
sso_role_name = SampleRole
region = us-east-1
output = json

[sso-session my-sso]
sso_region = us-east-1
sso_start_url = https://provided-domain.awsapps.com/start
sso_registration_scopes = sso:account:access

Start an AWS access portal session

Before accessing AWS services, you need an active AWS access portal session for the AWS CDK to use IAM Identity Center authentication to resolve credentials. Depending on your configured session lengths, your access will eventually expire and the AWS CDK will encounter an authentication error. Run the following command in the AWS CLI to sign in to the AWS access portal.

aws sso login

If your SSO token provider configuration is using a named profile instead of the default profile, the command is aws sso login --profile NAME. Also specify this profile when issuing cdk commands using the --profile option or the AWS_PROFILE environment variable.

To test if you already have an active session, run the following AWS CLI command.

aws sts get-caller-identity

The response to this command should report the IAM Identity Center account and permission set configured in the shared config file.

Note

If you already have an active AWS access portal session and run aws sso login, you won't be required to provide credentials.

The sign in process may prompt you to allow the AWS CLI access to your data. Since the AWS CLI is built on top of the SDK for Python, permission messages may contain variations of the botocore name.

Install the AWS CDK

Install the AWS CDK Toolkit globally using the following Node Package Manager command.

npm install -g aws-cdk

Run the following command to verify correct installation and print the version number of the AWS CDK.

cdk --version
Note

CDK Toolkit v2 works with your existing CDK v1 projects. However, it can't initialize new CDK v1 projects. See New prerequisites if you need to be able to do that.

Bootstrapping

Deploying stacks with the AWS CDK requires dedicated Amazon S3 buckets and other containers to be available to AWS CloudFormation during deployment. Creating these is called bootstrapping. To bootstrap, issue:

cdk bootstrap aws://ACCOUNT-NUMBER/REGION
Tip

If you don't have your AWS account number handy, you can get it from the AWS Management Console. Or, if you have the AWS CLI installed, the following command displays your default account information, including the account number.

aws sts get-caller-identity

If you created named profiles in your local AWS configuration, you can use the --profile option to display the account information for a specific profile. The following example shows how to display account information for the prod profile.

aws sts get-caller-identity --profile prod

To display the default Region, use aws configure get.

aws configure get region
aws configure get region --profile prod

AWS CDK tools

The AWS CDK Toolkit, also known as the Command Line Interface (CLI), is the main tool you use to interact with your AWS CDK app. It executes your code and produces and deploys the AWS CloudFormation templates it generates. It also has deployment, diff, deletion, and troubleshooting capabilities. For more information, see cdk --help or AWS CDK Toolkit (cdk command).

The AWS Toolkit for Visual Studio Code is an open source plug-in for Visual Studio Code that helps you create, debug, and deploy applications on AWS. The toolkit provides an integrated experience for developing AWS CDK applications. It includes the AWS CDK Explorer feature to list your AWS CDK projects and browse the various components of the CDK application. Install the plug-in and learn more about using the AWS CDK Explorer.

Next steps

Where do you go now that you've dipped your toes in the AWS CDK?

The AWS CDK is an open-source project. Want to contribute?