Amazon SNS message publishing

AWS Management Console AWS SDKs

After you create an Amazon SNS topic and subscribe an endpoint to it, you can publish messages to the topic. When a message is published, Amazon SNS attempts to deliver the message to the subscribed endpoints.

Important

You can publish messages only to topics and endpoints in the same AWS Region.

Topics

Sign in to the Amazon SNS console.
In the left navigation pane, choose Topics.
On the Topics page, select a topic, and then choose Publish message.

The console opens the Publish message to topic page.
In the Message details section, do the following:
1. (Optional) Enter a message Subject.
2. For a FIFO topic, enter a Message group ID. Messages in the same message group are delivered in the order that they are published.
3. For a FIFO topic, enter a Message deduplication ID. This ID is optional if you enabled the Content-based message deduplication setting for the topic.
4. (Optional) For mobile push notifications, enter a Time to Live (TTL) value in seconds. This is the amount of time that a push notification service—such as Apple Push Notification Service (APNs) or Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM)—has to deliver the message to the endpoint.
In the Message body section, do one of the following:
1. Choose Identical payload for all delivery protocols, and then enter a message.
2. Choose Custom payload for each delivery protocol, and then enter a JSON object to define the message to send for each delivery protocol.
  
  For more information, see Publishing with platform-specific payload.
In the Message attributes section, add any attributes that you want Amazon SNS to match with the subscription attribute FilterPolicy to decide whether the subscribed endpoint is interested in the published message.
1. For Type, choose an attribute type, such as String.Array.
  
  Note
  For attribute type String.Array, enclose the array in square brackets ([]). Within the array, enclose string values in double quotation marks. You don't need quotation marks for numbers or for the keywords true, false, and null.
2. Enter an attribute Name, such as customer_interests.
3. Enter an attribute Value, such as ["soccer", "rugby", "hockey"].
If the attribute type is String, String.Array, or Number, Amazon SNS evaluates the message attribute against a subscription's filter policy (if present) before sending the message to the subscription.

For more information, see Amazon SNS message attributes.
Choose Publish message.

The message is published to the topic, and the console opens the topic's Details page.

To publish a message to a topic using an AWS SDK

To use an AWS SDK, you must configure it with your credentials. For more information, see The shared config and credentials files in the AWS SDKs and Tools Reference Guide.

The following code examples show how to publish messages to an Amazon SNS topic.

.NET

AWS SDK for .NET

Tip

To learn how to set up and run this example, see GitHub.

For API details, see Publish in AWS SDK for .NET API Reference.

C++

SDK for C++

Tip

To learn how to set up and run this example, see GitHub.


  Aws::SDKOptions options;
  Aws::InitAPI(options);
  {
    Aws::SNS::SNSClient sns;
    Aws::String message = argv[1];
    Aws::String topic_arn = argv[2];

    Aws::SNS::Model::PublishRequest psms_req;
    psms_req.SetMessage(message);
    psms_req.SetTopicArn(topic_arn);

    auto psms_out = sns.Publish(psms_req);

    if (psms_out.IsSuccess())
    {
      std::cout << "Message published successfully " << std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
      std::cout << "Error while publishing message " << psms_out.GetError().GetMessage()
        << std::endl;
    }
  }

  Aws::ShutdownAPI(options);

For API details, see Publish in AWS SDK for C++ API Reference.

Go

SDK for Go V2

Tip

To learn how to set up and run this example, see GitHub.

For API details, see Publish in AWS SDK for Go API Reference.

Java

SDK for Java 2.x

Tip

To learn how to set up and run this example, see GitHub.


    public static void pubTopic(SnsClient snsClient, String message, String topicArn) {

        try {
            PublishRequest request = PublishRequest.builder()
                .message(message)
                .topicArn(topicArn)
                .build();

            PublishResponse result = snsClient.publish(request);
            System.out.println(result.messageId() + " Message sent. Status is " + result.sdkHttpResponse().statusCode());

         } catch (SnsException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
         }
    }

For API details, see Publish in AWS SDK for Java 2.x API Reference.

JavaScript

SDK for JavaScript V3

Tip

To learn how to set up and run this example, see GitHub.

Create the client in a separate module and export it.


import  { SNSClient } from "@aws-sdk/client-sns";
// Set the AWS Region.
const REGION = "REGION"; //e.g. "us-east-1"
// Create SNS service object.
const snsClient = new SNSClient({ region: REGION });
export  { snsClient };

Import the SDK and client modules and call the API.


// Import required AWS SDK clients and commands for Node.js
import {PublishCommand } from "@aws-sdk/client-sns";
import {snsClient } from "./libs/snsClient.js";

// Set the parameters
var params = {
  Message: "MESSAGE_TEXT", // MESSAGE_TEXT
  TopicArn: "TOPIC_ARN", //TOPIC_ARN
};

const run = async () => {
  try {
    const data = await snsClient.send(new PublishCommand(params));
    console.log("Success.",  data);
    return data; // For unit tests.
  } catch (err) {
    console.log("Error", err.stack);
  }
};
run();

For more information, see AWS SDK for JavaScript Developer Guide.
For API details, see Publish in AWS SDK for JavaScript API Reference.

Kotlin

SDK for Kotlin

Note

This is prerelease documentation for a feature in preview release. It is subject to change.

Tip

To learn how to set up and run this example, see GitHub.


suspend fun pubTopic(topicArnVal: String, messageVal: String) {

    val request = PublishRequest{
        message = messageVal
        topicArn = topicArnVal
     }

    SnsClient { region = "us-east-1" }.use { snsClient ->
        val result = snsClient.publish(request)
        println("${result.messageId} message sent.")
    }
}

For API details, see Publish in AWS SDK for Kotlin API reference.

PHP

SDK for PHP

Tip

To learn how to set up and run this example, see GitHub.


require 'vendor/autoload.php';

use Aws\Sns\SnsClient; 
use Aws\Exception\AwsException;

/**
 * Sends a message to an Amazon SNS topic.
 *
 * This code expects that you have AWS credentials set up per:
 * https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-php/v3/developer-guide/guide_credentials.html
 */
 
$SnSclient = new SnsClient([
    'profile' => 'default',
    'region' => 'us-east-1',
    'version' => '2010-03-31'
]);

$message = 'This message is sent from a Amazon SNS code sample.';
$topic = 'arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:111122223333:MyTopic';

try {
    $result = $SnSclient->publish([
        'Message' => $message,
        'TopicArn' => $topic,
    ]);
    var_dump($result);
} catch (AwsException $e) {
    // output error message if fails
    error_log($e->getMessage());
}

For more information, see AWS SDK for PHP Developer Guide.
For API details, see Publish in AWS SDK for PHP API Reference.

Python

SDK for Python (Boto3)

Tip

To learn how to set up and run this example, see GitHub.

Publish a message with attributes so that a subscription can filter based on attributes.


class SnsWrapper:
    """Encapsulates Amazon SNS topic and subscription functions."""
    def __init__(self, sns_resource):
        """
        :param sns_resource: A Boto3 Amazon SNS resource.
        """
        self.sns_resource = sns_resource

    def publish_message(topic, message, attributes):
        """
        Publishes a message, with attributes, to a topic. Subscriptions can be filtered
        based on message attributes so that a subscription receives messages only
        when specified attributes are present.

        :param topic: The topic to publish to.
        :param message: The message to publish.
        :param attributes: The key-value attributes to attach to the message. Values
                           must be either `str` or `bytes`.
        :return: The ID of the message.
        """
        try:
            att_dict = {}
            for key, value in attributes.items():
                if isinstance(value, str):
                    att_dict[key] = {'DataType': 'String', 'StringValue': value}
                elif isinstance(value, bytes):
                    att_dict[key] = {'DataType': 'Binary', 'BinaryValue': value}
            response = topic.publish(Message=message, MessageAttributes=att_dict)
            message_id = response['MessageId']
            logger.info(
                "Published message with attributes %s to topic %s.", attributes,
                topic.arn)
        except ClientError:
            logger.exception("Couldn't publish message to topic %s.", topic.arn)
            raise
        else:
            return message_id

Publish a message that takes different forms based on the protocol of the subscriber.


class SnsWrapper:
    """Encapsulates Amazon SNS topic and subscription functions."""
    def __init__(self, sns_resource):
        """
        :param sns_resource: A Boto3 Amazon SNS resource.
        """
        self.sns_resource = sns_resource

    def publish_multi_message(
            topic, subject, default_message, sms_message, email_message):
        """
        Publishes a multi-format message to a topic. A multi-format message takes
        different forms based on the protocol of the subscriber. For example,
        an SMS subscriber might receive a short, text-only version of the message
        while an email subscriber could receive an HTML version of the message.

        :param topic: The topic to publish to.
        :param subject: The subject of the message.
        :param default_message: The default version of the message. This version is
                                sent to subscribers that have protocols that are not
                                otherwise specified in the structured message.
        :param sms_message: The version of the message sent to SMS subscribers.
        :param email_message: The version of the message sent to email subscribers.
        :return: The ID of the message.
        """
        try:
            message = {
                'default': default_message,
                'sms': sms_message,
                'email': email_message
            }
            response = topic.publish(
                Message=json.dumps(message), Subject=subject, MessageStructure='json')
            message_id = response['MessageId']
            logger.info("Published multi-format message to topic %s.", topic.arn)
        except ClientError:
            logger.exception("Couldn't publish message to topic %s.", topic.arn)
            raise
        else:
            return message_id

For API details, see Publish in AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) API Reference.

Ruby

SDK for Ruby

Tip

To learn how to set up and run this example, see GitHub.



require 'aws-sdk-sns'  # v2: require 'aws-sdk'

def message_sent?(sns_client, topic_arn, message)

  sns_client.publish(topic_arn: topic_arn, message: message)
rescue StandardError => e
  puts "Error while sending the message: #{e.message}"
  end

def run_me

  topic_arn = 'SNS_TOPIC_ARN'
  region = 'REGION'
  message = 'MESSAGE' # The text of the message to send.

  sns_client = Aws::SNS::Client.new(region: region)

  puts "Message sending."

  if message_sent?(sns_client, topic_arn, message)
    puts 'The message was sent.'
  else
    puts 'The message was not sent. Stopping program.'
    exit 1
  end
  end

run_me if $PROGRAM_NAME == __FILE__

For more information, see AWS SDK for Ruby Developer Guide.
For API details, see Publish in AWS SDK for Ruby API Reference.

Rust

SDK for Rust

Note

This documentation is for an SDK in preview release. The SDK is subject to change and should not be used in production.

Tip

To learn how to set up and run this example, see GitHub.


async fn subscribe_and_publish(
    client: &Client,
    topic_arn: &str,
    email_address: &str,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
    println!("Receiving on topic with ARN: `{}`", topic_arn);

    let rsp = client
        .subscribe()
        .topic_arn(topic_arn)
        .protocol("email")
        .endpoint(email_address)
        .send()
        .await?;

    println!("Added a subscription: {:?}", rsp);

    let rsp = client
        .publish()
        .topic_arn(topic_arn)
        .message("hello sns!")
        .send()
        .await?;

    println!("Published message: {:?}", rsp);

    Ok(())
}

For API details, see Publish in AWS SDK for Rust API reference.

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Document Conventions

Code examples

Large message payloads

To publish messages to Amazon SNS topics using the AWS Management Console

To publish a message to a topic using an AWS SDK