Monitoring Systems Manager status changes using Amazon SNS notifications

You can configure Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to send notifications about the status of commands that you send using AWS Systems Manager Run Command or AWS Systems Manager Maintenance Windows. Amazon SNS coordinates and manages sending and delivering notifications to clients or endpoints that are subscribed to Amazon SNS topics. You can receive a notification whenever a command changes to a new state or to a specific state, such as Failed or Timed Out. In cases where you send a command to multiple instances, you can receive a notification for each copy of the command sent to a specific instance. Each copy is called an invocation.

Amazon SNS can deliver notifications as HTTP or HTTPS POST, email (SMTP, either plaintext or in JSON format), or as a message posted to an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. For more information, see What is Amazon SNS in the Amazon Simple Notification Service Developer Guide. For examples of the structure of the JSON data included in the Amazon SNS notification provided by Run Command and Maintenance Windows, see Example Amazon SNS notifications for AWS Systems Manager.

Configure Amazon SNS notifications for AWS Systems Manager

Run Command and Run Command tasks that are registered to a maintenance window can send Amazon SNS notifications for command tasks that enter the following statuses. For information about the conditions that cause a command to enter one of these statuses, see Understanding command statuses.

• In Progress

• Success

• Failed

• Timed Out

• Canceled

Note

Commands sent using Run Command also report Canceling and Pending status. These statuses are not captured by Amazon SNS notifications.

Command summary Amazon SNS notifications

If you configure Run Command or a Run Command task in your maintenance window for Amazon SNS notifications, Amazon SNS sends summary messages that include the following information.

Field	Type	Description
eventTime	String	The time that the event was triggered. The timestamp is important because Amazon SNS does not guarantee message delivery order. Example: 2016-04-26T13:15:30Z
documentName	String	The name of the SSM document used to run this command.
commandId	String	The ID generated by Run Command after the command was sent.
expiresAfter	Date	If this time is reached and the command has not already started executing, it will not run.
outputS3BucketName	String	The Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket where the responses to the command execution should be stored.
outputS3KeyPrefix	String	The Amazon S3 directory path inside the bucket where the responses to the command execution should be stored.
requestedDateTime	String	The time and date that the request was sent to this specific instance.
instanceIds	StringList	The instances that were targeted by the command. Note Instance IDs are only included in the summary message if the Run Command task targeted instance IDs directly. Instance IDs are not included in the summary message if the Run Command task was issued using tag-based targeting.
status	String	Command status for the command.

Invocation-based Amazon SNS notifications

If you send a command to multiple instances, Amazon SNS can send messages about each copy or invocation of the command. The messages include the following information.

Field	Type	Description
eventTime	String	The time that the event was triggered. The timestamp is important because Amazon SNS does not guarantee message delivery order. Example: 2016-04-26T13:15:30Z
documentName	String	The name of the Systems Manager document used to run this command.
requestedDateTime	String	The time and date that the request was sent to this specific instance.
commandId	String	The ID generated by Run Command after the command was sent.
instanceId	String	The instance that was targeted by the command.
status	String	Command status for this invocation.

To set up Amazon SNS notifications when a command changes status, you must complete the following tasks.

Note

If you are not configuring Amazon SNS notifications for your maintenance window, then you can skip Task 5 below.

Task 1: Create and subscribe to an Amazon SNS topic

An Amazon SNS topic is a communication channel that Run Command and Run Command tasks that are registered to a maintenance window use to send notifications about the status of your commands. Amazon SNS supports different communication protocols, including HTTP/S, email, and other AWS services like Amazon SQS. To get started quickly, we recommend that you start with the email protocol. For information about how to create a topic, see Create a topic in the Amazon Simple Notification Service Developer Guide.

Note

After you create the topic, copy or make a note of the Topic ARN. You specify this ARN when you send a command that is configured to return status notifications.

After you create the topic, subscribe to it by specifying an Endpoint. If you chose the Email protocol, the endpoint is the email address where you want to receive notifications. For more information about how to subscribe to a topic, see Subscribing an endpoint to an Amazon SNS topic in the Amazon Simple Notification Service Developer Guide.

Amazon SNS sends a confirmation email from AWS Notifications to the email address that you specify. Open the email and choose the Confirm subscription link.

You will receive an acknowledgement message from AWS. Amazon SNS is now configured to receive notifications and send the notification as an email to the email address that you specified.

Task 2: Create an IAM policy for Amazon SNS notifications

Use the following procedure to create a custom AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) policy that provides permissions for triggering Amazon SNS notifications.

To create a custom IAM policy for Amazon SNS notifications

1. Open the IAM console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/iam/.

2. In the navigation pane, choose Policies, and then choose Create policy. (If a Get Started button appears, choose it, and then choose Create Policy.)

3. Choose the JSON tab.

4. Replace the default content with the following:

   {
       "Version": "2012-10-17",
       "Statement": [
           {
               "Effect": "Allow",
               "Action": [
                   "sns:Publish"
               ],
               "Resource": "sns-topic-arn"
           }
       ]
   }

   sns-topic-arn represents the ARN of the existing Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic to use to send Amazon Simple Notification Service notifications, in the format of arn:aws:sns::account-id:sns-topic-name. For example: arn:aws:sns::123456789012:my-sns-topic.

5. Choose Review policy.

6. On the Review policy page, for Name, enter a name for the inline policy. For example: my-sns-publish-permissions.

7. (Optional) For Description, enter a description for the policy.

8. Choose Create policy.

Task 3: Create an IAM role for Amazon SNS notifications

Use the following procedure to create an IAM role for Amazon SNS notifications. This service role is used by Systems Manager to trigger Amazon SNS notifications. In all subsequent procedures, this role is referred to as the Amazon SNS IAM role.

To create an IAM service role for Amazon SNS notifications

1. Open the IAM console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/iam/.

2. In the navigation pane, choose Roles, and then choose Create role.

3. Under Select type of trusted entity, choose AWS service.

4. In the Choose a use case section, choose Systems Manager, and then choose Next: Permissions.

5. On the Attach permissions policies page, select the box to the left of the name of the custom policy you created in Task 2. For example: my-sns-publish-permissions.

6. Choose Next: Tags.

7. (Optional) Add one or more tag-key value pairs to organize, track, or control access for this role, and then choose Next: Review.

8. On the Review page, type a name in the Role name box, such as my-sns-role.

9. (Optional) Change the default role description to reflect the purpose of this role. For example: Triggers SNS topics on your behalf.

10. Choose Create role. The system returns you to the Roles page.

11. Copy or make a note of the Role ARN. This Role Amazon Resource Name (ARN) is used when you send a command that is configured to return Amazon SNS notifications.

12. Leave the Summary page open.

Task 4: Configure user access

If your AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) user account, group, or role is assigned administrator permissions, then you have access to Systems Manager Run Command and Maintenance Windows. If you don't have administrator permissions, then an administrator must give you permission by assigning the AmazonSSMFullAccess managed policy, or a policy that provides comparable permissions, to your IAM account, group, or role.

Use the following procedure to configure a user account to use Run Command and Maintenance Windows. If you need to create a new user account, see Creating an IAM user in your AWS account in the IAM User Guide.

To configure user access and attach the iam:PassRole policy to a user account

1. In the IAM navigation pane, choose Users, and then choose the user account that you want to configure.

2. On the Permissions tab, in the policies list, verify that either the AmazonSSMFullAccess policy is listed or that there is a comparable policy that gives the account permissions to access Systems Manager.

3. Choose Add inline policy.

4. On the Create policy page, choose the Visual editor tab.

5. Choose Service, and then choose IAM.

6. Choose Select actions.

7. In the Filter actions text box, type PassRole, and then choose the PassRole option.

8. Choose Resources. Verify that Specific is selected, and then choose Add ARN.

9. In the Specify ARN for role field, paste the Amazon SNS IAM role ARN that you copied at the end of Task 3. The system automatically populates the Account and Role name with path fields.

10. Choose Add.

11. Choose Review policy.

12. On the Review Policy page, type a name and then choose Create Policy.

Task 5: Attach the iam:PassRole policy to your maintenance window role

When you register a Run Command task with a maintenance window, you specify a service role Amazon Resource Name (ARN). This service role is used by Systems Manager to run tasks registered to the maintenance window. To configure Amazon SNS notifications for a registered Run Command task, you must attach an iam:PassRole policy to the maintenance window service role specified. If you do not intend to configure the registered task for Amazon SNS notifications, then this task can be skipped.

The iam:PassRole policy allows the Maintenance Windows service role to pass the Amazon SNS IAM role created in Task 3 to the Amazon SNS service. The following procedure shows how to attach the iam:PassRole policy to the Maintenance Windows service role.

Note

You must use a custom service role for your maintenance window to send notifications related to the Run Command tasks registered. For information, see Should I use a service-linked role or a custom service role to run maintenance window tasks?.

If you need to create a custom service role, see one of the following topics:

• Control access to maintenance windows (console)

• Control access to maintenance windows (AWS CLI)

• Control access to maintenance windows (Tools for Windows PowerShell)

To attach the iam:PassRole policy to your Maintenance Windows role

1. Open the IAM console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/iam/.

2. In the navigation pane, choose Roles and select the Amazon SNS IAM role role created in Task 3.

3. Copy or make a note of the Role ARN and return to the Roles section of the IAM console.

4. Select the custom Maintenance Windows service role you created (under Role name).

5. Under Permissions, verify that either the AmazonSSMMaintenanceWindowRole policy is listed or there is a comparable policy that gives maintenance windows permission to the Systems Manager API.

6. Choose Add inline policy.

7. Choose the Visual Editor tab.

8. For Service, choose IAM.

9. For Actions, choose PassRole.

10. For Resources, choose Specific, and then choose Add ARN.

11. In the Specify ARN for role box, paste the ARN of the Amazon SNS IAM role created in Task 3, and then choose Add.

12. Choose Review policy.

13. On the Review Policy page, specify a name for the PassRole policy, and then choose Create policy.