本文為英文版的機器翻譯版本,如內容有任何歧義或不一致之處,概以英文版為準。
啟動亞 Amazon EC2 實例
此範例說明如何使用從相同的 AWS SDK for .NET Amazon 機器映像 (AMI) 啟動一或多個設定完全相同的 Amazon EC2 執行個體。使用您提供的多個輸入,應用程式會啟動 EC2 執行個體,然後監控執行個體,直到它超出「擱置中」狀態為止。
EC2 執行個體執行時,您可以從遠端連線到它,如中所述(選擇性) Connect 至執行個體。
警告
EC2-Classic 在 2022 年 8 月 15 日淘汰。建議您從 EC2-Classic 遷移至 VPC。如需詳細資訊,請參閱 EC2-經典網路即將淘汰的部落格文章 — 以下是如何
以下各節提供此範例的程式碼片段和其他資訊。範例的完整程式碼會顯示在程式碼片段之後,並且可以依原樣建置和執行。
收集您需要的
若要啟動 EC2 執行個體,您需要幾件事。
-
將在 VPC 中啟動執行個體的現有子網路識別碼。尋找或建立此項目的一個簡單方法是登入 Amazon VPC 主控台
,但您也可以使用CreateSubnetAsync和DescribeSubnetsAsync方法以程式設計方式取得。 注意
如果您未提供此參數,則會在您帳戶的預設 VPC 中啟動新執行個體。
-
屬於將在其中啟動執行個體之 VPC 的現有安全性群組識別碼。如需詳細資訊,請參閱 使用 Amazon EC2 中的安全群組。
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將用於創建實例的 Amazon 機器映像(AMI)。如需 AMI 的相關資訊,請參閱 Amazon EC2 使用者指南中的亞馬遜機器映像 (AMI)。特別是,請參閱尋找 AMI 和共用 AM I。
-
現有 EC2 key pair 組的名稱,用於連線至新執行個體。如需詳細資訊,請參閱 使用 Amazon EC2 金鑰配對。
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PEM 檔案的名稱,其中包含先前所述 EC2 金 key pair 的私密金鑰。當您從遠端連線至執行個體時,會使用 PEM 檔案。
啟動執行個體
下列程式碼片段會啟動 EC2 執行個體。
接近本主題結尾的範例會顯示此程式碼片段正在使用中。
// // Method to launch the instances // Returns a list with the launched instance IDs private static async Task<List<string>> LaunchInstances( IAmazonEC2 ec2Client, RunInstancesRequest requestLaunch) { var instanceIds = new List<string>(); RunInstancesResponse responseLaunch = await ec2Client.RunInstancesAsync(requestLaunch); Console.WriteLine("\nNew instances have been created."); foreach (Instance item in responseLaunch.Reservation.Instances) { instanceIds.Add(item.InstanceId); Console.WriteLine($" New instance: {item.InstanceId}"); } return instanceIds; }
監控執行個體
下列程式碼片段會監視執行個體,直到執行個體超出「擱置中」狀態為止。
接近本主題結尾的範例會顯示此程式碼片段正在使用中。
如需屬性的有效值,請參閱InstanceState類Instance.State.Code
別。
// // Method to wait until the instances are running (or at least not pending) private static async Task CheckState(IAmazonEC2 ec2Client, List<string> instanceIds) { Console.WriteLine( "\nWaiting for the instances to start." + "\nPress any key to stop waiting. (Response might be slightly delayed.)"); int numberRunning; DescribeInstancesResponse responseDescribe; var requestDescribe = new DescribeInstancesRequest{ InstanceIds = instanceIds}; // Check every couple of seconds int wait = 2000; while(true) { // Get and check the status for each of the instances to see if it's past pending. // Once all instances are past pending, break out. // (For this example, we are assuming that there is only one reservation.) Console.Write("."); numberRunning = 0; responseDescribe = await ec2Client.DescribeInstancesAsync(requestDescribe); foreach(Instance i in responseDescribe.Reservations[0].Instances) { // Check the lower byte of State.Code property // Code == 0 is the pending state if((i.State.Code & 255) > 0) numberRunning++; } if(numberRunning == responseDescribe.Reservations[0].Instances.Count) break; // Wait a bit and try again (unless the user wants to stop waiting) Thread.Sleep(wait); if(Console.KeyAvailable) break; } Console.WriteLine("\nNo more instances are pending."); foreach(Instance i in responseDescribe.Reservations[0].Instances) { Console.WriteLine($"For {i.InstanceId}:"); Console.WriteLine($" VPC ID: {i.VpcId}"); Console.WriteLine($" Instance state: {i.State.Name}"); Console.WriteLine($" Public IP address: {i.PublicIpAddress}"); Console.WriteLine($" Public DNS name: {i.PublicDnsName}"); Console.WriteLine($" Key pair name: {i.KeyName}"); } }
完整的代碼
本節顯示此範例的相關參考資料和完整程式碼。
NuGet 套件:
編程元素:
-
命名空間亞馬遜 .ec2
亞馬遜類 2 客戶端
類別 InstanceType
-
命名空間亞馬遜。
類別實例
using System; using System.Threading; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Collections.Generic; using Amazon.EC2; using Amazon.EC2.Model; namespace EC2LaunchInstance { // = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = // Class to launch an EC2 instance class Program { static async Task Main(string[] args) { // Parse the command line and show help if necessary var parsedArgs = CommandLine.Parse(args); if(parsedArgs.Count == 0) { PrintHelp(); return; } // Get the application arguments from the parsed list string groupID = CommandLine.GetArgument(parsedArgs, null, "-g", "--group-id"); string ami = CommandLine.GetArgument(parsedArgs, null, "-a", "--ami-id"); string keyPairName = CommandLine.GetArgument(parsedArgs, null, "-k", "--keypair-name"); string subnetID = CommandLine.GetArgument(parsedArgs, null, "-s", "--subnet-id"); if( (string.IsNullOrEmpty(groupID) || !groupID.StartsWith("sg-")) || (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ami) || !ami.StartsWith("ami-")) || (string.IsNullOrEmpty(keyPairName)) || (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(subnetID) && !subnetID.StartsWith("subnet-"))) CommandLine.ErrorExit( "\nOne or more of the required arguments is missing or incorrect." + "\nRun the command with no arguments to see help."); // Create an EC2 client var ec2Client = new AmazonEC2Client(); // Create an object with the necessary properties RunInstancesRequest request = GetRequestData(groupID, ami, keyPairName, subnetID); // Launch the instances and wait for them to start running var instanceIds = await LaunchInstances(ec2Client, request); await CheckState(ec2Client, instanceIds); } // // Method to put together the properties needed to launch the instance. private static RunInstancesRequest GetRequestData( string groupID, string ami, string keyPairName, string subnetID) { // Common properties var groupIDs = new List<string>() { groupID }; var request = new RunInstancesRequest() { // The first three of these would be additional command-line arguments or similar. InstanceType = InstanceType.T1Micro, MinCount = 1, MaxCount = 1, ImageId = ami, KeyName = keyPairName }; // Properties specifically for EC2 in a VPC. if(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(subnetID)) { request.NetworkInterfaces = new List<InstanceNetworkInterfaceSpecification>() { new InstanceNetworkInterfaceSpecification() { DeviceIndex = 0, SubnetId = subnetID, Groups = groupIDs, AssociatePublicIpAddress = true } }; } // Properties specifically for EC2-Classic else { request.SecurityGroupIds = groupIDs; } return request; } // // Method to launch the instances // Returns a list with the launched instance IDs private static async Task<List<string>> LaunchInstances( IAmazonEC2 ec2Client, RunInstancesRequest requestLaunch) { var instanceIds = new List<string>(); RunInstancesResponse responseLaunch = await ec2Client.RunInstancesAsync(requestLaunch); Console.WriteLine("\nNew instances have been created."); foreach (Instance item in responseLaunch.Reservation.Instances) { instanceIds.Add(item.InstanceId); Console.WriteLine($" New instance: {item.InstanceId}"); } return instanceIds; } // // Method to wait until the instances are running (or at least not pending) private static async Task CheckState(IAmazonEC2 ec2Client, List<string> instanceIds) { Console.WriteLine( "\nWaiting for the instances to start." + "\nPress any key to stop waiting. (Response might be slightly delayed.)"); int numberRunning; DescribeInstancesResponse responseDescribe; var requestDescribe = new DescribeInstancesRequest{ InstanceIds = instanceIds}; // Check every couple of seconds int wait = 2000; while(true) { // Get and check the status for each of the instances to see if it's past pending. // Once all instances are past pending, break out. // (For this example, we are assuming that there is only one reservation.) Console.Write("."); numberRunning = 0; responseDescribe = await ec2Client.DescribeInstancesAsync(requestDescribe); foreach(Instance i in responseDescribe.Reservations[0].Instances) { // Check the lower byte of State.Code property // Code == 0 is the pending state if((i.State.Code & 255) > 0) numberRunning++; } if(numberRunning == responseDescribe.Reservations[0].Instances.Count) break; // Wait a bit and try again (unless the user wants to stop waiting) Thread.Sleep(wait); if(Console.KeyAvailable) break; } Console.WriteLine("\nNo more instances are pending."); foreach(Instance i in responseDescribe.Reservations[0].Instances) { Console.WriteLine($"For {i.InstanceId}:"); Console.WriteLine($" VPC ID: {i.VpcId}"); Console.WriteLine($" Instance state: {i.State.Name}"); Console.WriteLine($" Public IP address: {i.PublicIpAddress}"); Console.WriteLine($" Public DNS name: {i.PublicDnsName}"); Console.WriteLine($" Key pair name: {i.KeyName}"); } } // // Command-line help private static void PrintHelp() { Console.WriteLine( "\nUsage: EC2LaunchInstance -g <group-id> -a <ami-id> -k <keypair-name> [-s <subnet-id>]" + "\n -g, --group-id: The ID of the security group." + "\n -a, --ami-id: The ID of an Amazon Machine Image." + "\n -k, --keypair-name - The name of a key pair." + "\n -s, --subnet-id: The ID of a subnet. Required only for EC2 in a VPC."); } } // = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = // Class that represents a command line on the console or terminal. // (This is the same for all examples. When you have seen it once, you can ignore it.) static class CommandLine { // // Method to parse a command line of the form: "--key value" or "-k value". // // Parameters: // - args: The command-line arguments passed into the application by the system. // // Returns: // A Dictionary with string Keys and Values. // // If a key is found without a matching value, Dictionary.Value is set to the key // (including the dashes). // If a value is found without a matching key, Dictionary.Key is set to "--NoKeyN", // where "N" represents sequential numbers. public static Dictionary<string,string> Parse(string[] args) { var parsedArgs = new Dictionary<string,string>(); int i = 0, n = 0; while(i < args.Length) { // If the first argument in this iteration starts with a dash it's an option. if(args[i].StartsWith("-")) { var key = args[i++]; var value = key; // Check to see if there's a value that goes with this option? if((i < args.Length) && (!args[i].StartsWith("-"))) value = args[i++]; parsedArgs.Add(key, value); } // If the first argument in this iteration doesn't start with a dash, it's a value else { parsedArgs.Add("--NoKey" + n.ToString(), args[i++]); n++; } } return parsedArgs; } // // Method to get an argument from the parsed command-line arguments // // Parameters: // - parsedArgs: The Dictionary object returned from the Parse() method (shown above). // - defaultValue: The default string to return if the specified key isn't in parsedArgs. // - keys: An array of keys to look for in parsedArgs. public static string GetArgument( Dictionary<string,string> parsedArgs, string defaultReturn, params string[] keys) { string retval = null; foreach(var key in keys) if(parsedArgs.TryGetValue(key, out retval)) break; return retval ?? defaultReturn; } // // Method to exit the application with an error. public static void ErrorExit(string msg, int code=1) { Console.WriteLine("\nError"); Console.WriteLine(msg); Environment.Exit(code); } } }
其他考量
-
檢查 EC2 執行個體的狀態時,您可以將篩選器新增至DescribeInstancesRequest物件的
Filter
屬性。使用這項技巧,您可以將要求限制為特定執行個體;例如,具有特定使用者指定標籤的執行個體。
-
為了簡潔起見,某些屬性被賦予了典型值。任何或所有這些屬性都可以改為以程式設計方式或使用者輸入來決定。
-
您可以用於RunInstancesRequest物件
MinCount
和MaxCount
屬性的值,取決於目標可用區域,以及執行個體類型允許的執行個體數目上限。如需詳細資訊,請參閱 Amazon EC2 一般常見問答集中可以在 Amazon EC2 中執行多少個執行個體。
-
如果您想要使用與此範例不同的執行個體類型,有數種執行個體類型可供選擇。如需詳細資訊,請參閱 Amazon EC2 使用者指南中的 Amazon EC2 執行個體類型。另請參閱執行個體類型詳細資訊
和執行個體類型
-
您也可以在啟動執行個體時將 IAM 角色附加至執行個體。若要這麼做,請建立IamInstanceProfileSpecification
Name
屬性設定為 IAM 角色名稱的物件。然後將該對象添加到對RunInstancesRequest象的IamInstanceProfile
屬性中。注意
若要啟動附加 IAM 角色的 EC2 執行個體,IAM 使用者的組態必須包含特定許可。有關所需許可的詳細資訊,請參閱 Amazon EC2 使用者指南中的授予使用者權限以將 IAM 角色傳遞給執行個體。
(選擇性) Connect 至執行個體
執行個體執行後,您可以使用適當的遠端用戶端從遠端連線到執行個體。對於 Linux 和 Windows 執行個體,您都需要執行個體的公有 IP 位址或公用 DNS 名稱。您還需要以下內容。
對於 Linux 執行個體
您可以使用安全殼層用戶端連線到 Linux 執行個體。請確定您啟動執行個體時使用的安全性群組允許連接埠 22 上的 SSH 流量,如中所述更新安全性群組。
您也需要用來啟動執行個體之 key pair 的私密部分,也就是 PEM 檔案。
如需詳細資訊,請參閱 Amazon EC2 使用者指南中的 Connect 到 Linux 執行個體。
視窗執行個體
您可以使用 RDP 用戶端連線至執行個體。請確定您啟動執行個體時使用的安全性群組允許連接埠 3389 上的 RDP 流量,如中所述。更新安全性群組
您也需要管理員密碼。您可以使用下列範例程式碼來取得此資訊,此程式碼需要執行個體 ID 以及用來啟動執行個體之 key pair 的私有部分;也就是 PEM 檔案。
如需詳細資訊,請參閱 Amazon EC2 使用者指南中的 Connect 到您的 Windows 執行個體。
警告
此範例程式碼會傳回您執行個體的純文字系統管理員密碼。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Threading.Tasks; using Amazon.EC2; using Amazon.EC2.Model; namespace EC2GetWindowsPassword { // = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = // Class to get the Administrator password of a Windows EC2 instance class Program { static async Task Main(string[] args) { // Parse the command line and show help if necessary var parsedArgs = CommandLine.Parse(args); if(parsedArgs.Count == 0) { PrintHelp(); return; } // Get the application arguments from the parsed list string instanceID = CommandLine.GetArgument(parsedArgs, null, "-i", "--instance-id"); string pemFileName = CommandLine.GetArgument(parsedArgs, null, "-p", "--pem-filename"); if( (string.IsNullOrEmpty(instanceID) || !instanceID.StartsWith("i-")) || (string.IsNullOrEmpty(pemFileName) || !pemFileName.EndsWith(".pem"))) CommandLine.ErrorExit( "\nOne or more of the required arguments is missing or incorrect." + "\nRun the command with no arguments to see help."); // Create the EC2 client var ec2Client = new AmazonEC2Client(); // Get and display the password string password = await GetPassword(ec2Client, instanceID, pemFileName); Console.WriteLine($"\nPassword: {password}"); } // // Method to get the administrator password of a Windows EC2 instance private static async Task<string> GetPassword( IAmazonEC2 ec2Client, string instanceID, string pemFilename) { string password = string.Empty; GetPasswordDataResponse response = await ec2Client.GetPasswordDataAsync(new GetPasswordDataRequest{ InstanceId = instanceID}); if(response.PasswordData != null) { password = response.GetDecryptedPassword(File.ReadAllText(pemFilename)); } else { Console.WriteLine($"\nThe password is not available for instance {instanceID}."); Console.WriteLine($"If this is a Windows instance, the password might not be ready."); } return password; } // // Command-line help private static void PrintHelp() { Console.WriteLine( "\nUsage: EC2GetWindowsPassword -i <instance-id> -p pem-filename" + "\n -i, --instance-id: The name of the EC2 instance." + "\n -p, --pem-filename: The name of the PEM file with the private key."); } } // = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = // Class that represents a command line on the console or terminal. // (This is the same for all examples. When you have seen it once, you can ignore it.) static class CommandLine { // // Method to parse a command line of the form: "--key value" or "-k value". // // Parameters: // - args: The command-line arguments passed into the application by the system. // // Returns: // A Dictionary with string Keys and Values. // // If a key is found without a matching value, Dictionary.Value is set to the key // (including the dashes). // If a value is found without a matching key, Dictionary.Key is set to "--NoKeyN", // where "N" represents sequential numbers. public static Dictionary<string,string> Parse(string[] args) { var parsedArgs = new Dictionary<string,string>(); int i = 0, n = 0; while(i < args.Length) { // If the first argument in this iteration starts with a dash it's an option. if(args[i].StartsWith("-")) { var key = args[i++]; var value = key; // Check to see if there's a value that goes with this option? if((i < args.Length) && (!args[i].StartsWith("-"))) value = args[i++]; parsedArgs.Add(key, value); } // If the first argument in this iteration doesn't start with a dash, it's a value else { parsedArgs.Add("--NoKey" + n.ToString(), args[i++]); n++; } } return parsedArgs; } // // Method to get an argument from the parsed command-line arguments // // Parameters: // - parsedArgs: The Dictionary object returned from the Parse() method (shown above). // - defaultValue: The default string to return if the specified key isn't in parsedArgs. // - keys: An array of keys to look for in parsedArgs. public static string GetArgument( Dictionary<string,string> parsedArgs, string defaultReturn, params string[] keys) { string retval = null; foreach(var key in keys) if(parsedArgs.TryGetValue(key, out retval)) break; return retval ?? defaultReturn; } // // Method to exit the application with an error. public static void ErrorExit(string msg, int code=1) { Console.WriteLine("\nError"); Console.WriteLine(msg); Environment.Exit(code); } } }
清除
當您不再需要 EC2 執行個體時,請務必將其終止,如中所述終止亞馬遜 EC2 實例。