Getting started with AWS App Mesh and Amazon EC2 - AWS App Mesh
ScenarioPrerequisitesStep 1: Create a mesh and virtual serviceStep 2: Create a virtual nodeStep 3: Create a virtual router and routeStep 4: Review and createStep 5: Create additional resourcesStep 6: Update services

Getting started with AWS App Mesh and Amazon EC2

This topic helps you use AWS App Mesh with an actual service that is running on Amazon EC2. This tutorial covers basic features of several App Mesh resource types.

Scenario

To illustrate how to use App Mesh, assume that you have an application with the following characteristics:

  • Consists of two services named serviceA and serviceB.

  • Both services are registered to a namespace named apps.local.

  • ServiceA communicates with serviceB over HTTP/2, port 80.

  • You have already deployed version 2 of serviceB and registered it with the name serviceBv2 in the apps.local namespace.

You have the following requirements:

  • You want to send 75 percent of the traffic from serviceA to serviceB and 25 percent of the traffic to serviceBv2 to validate that serviceBv2 is bug free before you send 100 percent of the traffic from serviceA to it.

  • You want to be able to easily adjust the traffic weighting so that 100 percent of the traffic goes to serviceBv2 once it is proven to be reliable. Once all traffic is being sent to serviceBv2, you want to discontinue serviceB.

  • You do not want to have to change any existing application code or service discovery registration for your actual services to meet the previous requirements.

To meet your requirements, you decide to create an App Mesh service mesh with virtual services, virtual nodes, a virtual router, and a route. After implementing your mesh, you update your services to use the Envoy proxy. Once updated, your services communicate with each other through the Envoy proxy rather than directly with each other.

Prerequisites

App Mesh supports Linux services that are registered with DNS, AWS Cloud Map, or both. To use this getting started guide, we recommend that you have three existing services that are registered with DNS. You can create a service mesh and its resources even if the services don't exist, but you cannot use the mesh until you have deployed actual services.

If you don't already have services running, you can launch Amazon EC2 instances and deploy applications to them. For more information, see Tutorial: Getting started with Amazon EC2 Linux instances in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Linux Instances. The remaining steps assume that the actual services are named serviceA, serviceB, and serviceBv2 and that all services are discoverable through a namespace named apps.local.

Step 1: Create a mesh and virtual service

A service mesh is a logical boundary for network traffic between the services that reside within it. For more information, see Service Meshes. A virtual service is an abstraction of an actual service. For more information, see Virtual services.

Create the following resources:

  • A mesh named apps, since all of the services in the scenario are registered to the apps.local namespace.

  • A virtual service named serviceb.apps.local, since the virtual service represents a service that is discoverable with that name, and you don't want to change your code to reference another name. A virtual service named servicea.apps.local is added in a later step.

You can use the AWS Management Console or the AWS CLI version 1.18.116 or higher or 2.0.38 or higher to complete the following steps. If using the AWS CLI, use the aws --version command to check your installed AWS CLI version. If you don't have version 1.18.116 or higher or 2.0.38 or higher installed, then you must install or update the AWS CLI. Select the tab for the tool that you want to use.

AWS Management Console

  1. Open the App Mesh console first-run wizard at https://console.aws.amazon.com/appmesh/get-started.

  2. For Mesh name, enter apps.

  3. For Virtual service name, enter serviceb.apps.local.

  4. To continue, choose Next.

AWS CLI

  1. Create a mesh with the create-mesh command.

    aws appmesh create-mesh --mesh-name apps

  2. Create a virtual service with the create-virtual-service command.

    aws appmesh create-virtual-service --mesh-name apps --virtual-service-name serviceb.apps.local --spec {}

Step 2: Create a virtual node

A virtual node acts as a logical pointer to an actual service. For more information, see Virtual nodes.

Create a virtual node named serviceB, since one of the virtual nodes represents the actual service named serviceB. The actual service that the virtual node represents is discoverable through DNS with a hostname of serviceb.apps.local. Alternately, you can discover actual services using AWS Cloud Map. The virtual node listens for traffic using the HTTP/2 protocol on port 80. Other protocols are also supported, as are health checks. You create virtual nodes for serviceA and serviceBv2 in a later step.

AWS Management Console

  1. For Virtual node name, enter serviceB.

  2. For Service discovery method, choose DNS and enter serviceb.apps.local for DNS hostname.

  3. Under Listener configuration, choose http2 for Protocol and enter 80 for Port.

  4. To continue, choose Next.

AWS CLI

  1. Create a file named create-virtual-node-serviceb.json with the following contents:

    {
    "meshName": "apps",
    "spec": {
        "listeners": [
            {
                "portMapping": {
                    "port": 80,
                    "protocol": "http2"
                }
            }
        ],
        "serviceDiscovery": {
            "dns": {
                "hostname": "serviceB.apps.local"
            }
        }
    },
    "virtualNodeName": "serviceB"
}

  2. Create the virtual node with the create-virtual-node command using the JSON file as input.

    aws appmesh create-virtual-node --cli-input-json file://create-virtual-node-serviceb.json

Step 3: Create a virtual router and route

Virtual routers route traffic for one or more virtual services within your mesh. For more information, see Virtual routers and Routes.

Create the following resources:

  • A virtual router named serviceB, since the serviceB.apps.local virtual service does not initiate outbound communication with any other service. Remember that the virtual service that you created previously is an abstraction of your actual serviceb.apps.local service. The virtual service sends traffic to the virtual router. The virtual router listens for traffic using the HTTP/2 protocol on port 80. Other protocols are also supported.

  • A route named serviceB. It routes 100 percent of its traffic to the serviceB virtual node. The weight is in a later step once you add the serviceBv2 virtual node. Though not covered in this guide, you can add additional filter criteria for the route and add a retry policy to cause the Envoy proxy to make multiple attempts to send traffic to a virtual node when it experiences a communication problem.

AWS Management Console

  1. For Virtual router name, enter serviceB.

  2. Under Listener configuration, choose http2 for Protocol and specify 80 for Port.

  3. For Route name, enter serviceB.

  4. For Route type, choose http2.

  5. For Virtual node name under Target configuration, select serviceB and enter 100 for Weight.

  6. Under Match configuration, choose a Method.

  7. To continue, choose Next.

AWS CLI

  1. Create a virtual router.

    1. Create a file named create-virtual-router.json with the following contents:

      {
    "meshName": "apps",
    "spec": {
        "listeners": [
            {
                "portMapping": {
                    "port": 80,
                    "protocol": "http2"
                }
            }
        ]
    },
    "virtualRouterName": "serviceB"
}

    2. Create the virtual router with the create-virtual-router command using the JSON file as input.

      aws appmesh create-virtual-router --cli-input-json file://create-virtual-router.json

  2. Create a route.

    1. Create a file named create-route.json with the following contents:

      {
    "meshName" : "apps",
    "routeName" : "serviceB",
    "spec" : {
        "httpRoute" : {
            "action" : {
                "weightedTargets" : [
                    {
                        "virtualNode" : "serviceB",
                        "weight" : 100
                    }
                ]
            },
            "match" : {
                "prefix" : "/"
            }
        }
    },
    "virtualRouterName" : "serviceB"
}

    2. Create the route with the create-route command using the JSON file as input.

      aws appmesh create-route --cli-input-json file://create-route.json

Step 4: Review and create

Review the settings against the previous instructions.

AWS Management Console

Choose Edit if you need to make changes in any section. Once you are satisfied with the settings, choose Create mesh.

The Status screen shows you all of the mesh resources that were created. You can see the created resources in the console by selecting View mesh.

AWS CLI

Review the settings of the mesh you created with the describe-mesh command.

aws appmesh describe-mesh --mesh-name apps

Review the settings of the virtual service that you created with the describe-virtual-service command.

aws appmesh describe-virtual-service --mesh-name apps --virtual-service-name serviceb.apps.local

Review the settings of the virtual node that you created with the describe-virtual-node command.

aws appmesh describe-virtual-node --mesh-name apps --virtual-node-name serviceB

Review the settings of the virtual router that you created with the describe-virtual-router command.

aws appmesh describe-virtual-router --mesh-name apps --virtual-router-name serviceB

Review the settings of the route that you created with the describe-route command.

aws appmesh describe-route --mesh-name apps \
    --virtual-router-name serviceB  --route-name serviceB

Step 5: Create additional resources

To complete the scenario, you need to:

  • Create one virtual node named serviceBv2 and another named serviceA. Both virtual nodes listen for requests over HTTP/2 port 80. For the serviceA virtual node, configure a backend of serviceb.apps.local. All outbound traffic from the serviceA virtual node is sent to the virtual service named serviceb.apps.local. Though not covered in this guide, you can also specify a file path to write access logs to for a virtual node.

  • Create one additional virtual service named servicea.apps.local, which sends all traffic directly to the serviceA virtual node.

  • Update the serviceB route that you created in a previous step to send 75 percent of its traffic to the serviceB virtual node and 25 percent of its traffic to the serviceBv2 virtual node. Over time, you can continue to modify the weights until serviceBv2 receives 100 percent of the traffic. Once all traffic is sent to serviceBv2, you can shut down and discontinue the serviceB virtual node and actual service. As you change weights, your code does not require any modification, because the serviceb.apps.local virtual and actual service names don't change. Recall that the serviceb.apps.local virtual service sends traffic to the virtual router, which routes the traffic to the virtual nodes. The service discovery names for the virtual nodes can be changed at any time.

AWS Management Console

  1. In the left navigation pane, select Meshes.

  2. Select the apps mesh that you created in a previous step.

  3. In the left navigation pane, select Virtual nodes.

  4. Choose Create virtual node.

  5. For Virtual node name, enter serviceBv2, for Service discovery method, choose DNS, and for DNS hostname, enter servicebv2.apps.local.

  6. For Listener configuration, select http2 for Protocol and enter 80 for Port.

  7. Choose Create virtual node.

  8. Choose Create virtual node again. Enter serviceA for the Virtual node name. For Service discovery method, choose DNS, and for DNS hostname, enter servicea.apps.local.

  9. For Enter a virtual service name under New backend, enter serviceb.apps.local.

  10. Under Listener configuration, choose http2 for Protocol, enter 80 for Port, and then choose Create virtual node.

  11. In the left navigation pane, select Virtual routers and then select the serviceB virtual router from the list.

  12. Under Routes, select the route named ServiceB that you created in a previous step, and choose Edit.

  13. Under Targets, Virtual node name, change the value of Weight for serviceB to 75.

  14. Choose Add target, choose serviceBv2 from the dropdown list, and set the value of Weight to 25.

  15. Choose Save.

  16. In the left navigation pane, select Virtual services and then choose Create virtual service.

  17. Enter servicea.apps.local for Virtual service name, select Virtual node for Provider, select serviceA for Virtual node, and then choose Create virtual service.

AWS CLI

  1. Create the serviceBv2 virtual node.

    1. Create a file named create-virtual-node-servicebv2.json with the following contents:

      {
    "meshName": "apps",
    "spec": {
        "listeners": [
            {
                "portMapping": {
                    "port": 80,
                    "protocol": "http2"
                }
            }
        ],
        "serviceDiscovery": {
            "dns": {
                "hostname": "serviceBv2.apps.local"
            }
        }
    },
    "virtualNodeName": "serviceBv2"
}

    2. Create the virtual node.

      aws appmesh create-virtual-node --cli-input-json file://create-virtual-node-servicebv2.json

  2. Create the serviceA virtual node.

    1. Create a file named create-virtual-node-servicea.json with the following contents:

      {
   "meshName" : "apps",
   "spec" : {
      "backends" : [
         {
            "virtualService" : {
               "virtualServiceName" : "serviceb.apps.local"
            }
         }
      ],
      "listeners" : [
         {
            "portMapping" : {
               "port" : 80,
               "protocol" : "http2"
            }
         }
      ],
      "serviceDiscovery" : {
         "dns" : {
            "hostname" : "servicea.apps.local"
         }
      }
   },
   "virtualNodeName" : "serviceA"
}

    2. Create the virtual node.

      aws appmesh create-virtual-node --cli-input-json file://create-virtual-node-servicea.json

  3. Update the serviceb.apps.local virtual service that you created in a previous step to send its traffic to the serviceB virtual router. When the virtual service was originally created, it did not send traffic anywhere, since the serviceB virtual router had not been created yet.

    1. Create a file named update-virtual-service.json with the following contents:

      {
   "meshName" : "apps",
   "spec" : {
      "provider" : {
         "virtualRouter" : {
            "virtualRouterName" : "serviceB"
         }
      }
   },
   "virtualServiceName" : "serviceb.apps.local"
}

    2. Update the virtual service with the update-virtual-service command.

      aws appmesh update-virtual-service --cli-input-json file://update-virtual-service.json

  4. Update the serviceB route that you created in a previous step.

    1. Create a file named update-route.json with the following contents:

      {
   "meshName" : "apps",
   "routeName" : "serviceB",
   "spec" : {
      "http2Route" : {
         "action" : {
            "weightedTargets" : [
               {
                  "virtualNode" : "serviceB",
                  "weight" : 75
               },
               {
                  "virtualNode" : "serviceBv2",
                  "weight" : 25
               }
            ]
         },
         "match" : {
            "prefix" : "/"
         }
      }
   },
   "virtualRouterName" : "serviceB"
}

    2. Update the route with the update-route command.

      aws appmesh update-route --cli-input-json file://update-route.json

  5. Create the serviceA virtual service.

    1. Create a file named create-virtual-servicea.json with the following contents:

      {
   "meshName" : "apps",
   "spec" : {
      "provider" : {
         "virtualNode" : {
            "virtualNodeName" : "serviceA"
         }
      }
   },
   "virtualServiceName" : "servicea.apps.local"
}

    2. Create the virtual service.

      aws appmesh create-virtual-service --cli-input-json file://create-virtual-servicea.json
Mesh summary

Before you created the service mesh, you had three actual services named servicea.apps.local, serviceb.apps.local, and servicebv2.apps.local. In addition to the actual services, you now have a service mesh that contains the following resources that represent the actual services:

  • Two virtual services. The proxy sends all traffic from the servicea.apps.local virtual service to the serviceb.apps.local virtual service through a virtual router.

  • Three virtual nodes named serviceA, serviceB, and serviceBv2. The Envoy proxy uses the service discovery information configured for the virtual nodes to look up the IP addresses of the actual services.

  • One virtual router with one route that instructs the Envoy proxy to route 75 percent of inbound traffic to the serviceB virtual node and 25 percent of the traffic to the serviceBv2 virtual node.

Step 6: Update services

After creating your mesh, you need to complete the following tasks:

  • Authorize the Envoy proxy that you deploy with each service to read the configuration of one or more virtual nodes. For more information about how to authorize the proxy, see Envoy Proxy authorization.

  • To update your existing service, complete the steps that follow.

To configure an Amazon EC2 instance as a virtual node member

  1. Create an IAM role.

    1. Create a file named ec2-trust-relationship.json with the following contents.

      {
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {
        "Service": "ec2.amazonaws.com"
      },
      "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
    }
  ]
}

    2. Create an IAM role with the following command.

      aws iam create-role --role-name mesh-virtual-node-service-b --assume-role-policy-document file://ec2-trust-relationship.json

  2. Attach IAM policies to the role that allow it to read from Amazon ECR and only the configuration of a specific App Mesh virtual node.

    1. Create a file named virtual-node-policy.json with the following contents. apps is the name of the mesh you created in Step 1: Create a mesh and virtual service and serviceB is the name of the virtual node that you created in Step 2: Create a virtual node. Replace 111122223333 with your account ID and us-west-2 with the Region that you created your mesh in.

      {
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": "appmesh:StreamAggregatedResources",
            "Resource": [
                "arn:aws:appmesh:us-west-2:111122223333:mesh/apps/virtualNode/serviceB"
            ]
        }
    ]
}

    2. Create the policy with the following command.

      aws iam create-policy --policy-name virtual-node-policy --policy-document file://virtual-node-policy.json

    3. Attach the policy that you created in the previous step to the role so the role can read the configuration for only the serviceB virtual node from App Mesh.

      aws iam attach-role-policy --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::111122223333:policy/virtual-node-policy --role-name mesh-virtual-node-service-b

    4. Attach the AmazonEC2ContainerRegistryReadOnly managed policy to the role so that it can pull the Envoy container image from Amazon ECR.

      aws iam attach-role-policy --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AmazonEC2ContainerRegistryReadOnly --role-name mesh-virtual-node-service-b

  3. Launch an Amazon EC2 instance with the IAM role that you created.

  4. Connect to your instance via SSH.

  5. Install Docker and the AWS CLI on your instance according to your operating system documentation.

  6. Authenticate to the Envoy Amazon ECR repository in the Region that you want your Docker client to pull the image from.

    • All Regions except me-south-1, ap-east-1, ap-southeast-3, eu-south-1, il-central-1, and af-south-1. You can replace us-west-2 with any supported Region except me-south-1, ap-east-1, ap-southeast-3, eu-south-1, il-central-1, and af-south-1.

      $aws ecr get-login-password \
    --region us-west-2 \
| docker login \
    --username AWS \
    --password-stdin 840364872350.dkr.ecr.us-west-2.amazonaws.com

    • me-south-1 Region

      $aws ecr get-login-password \
    --region me-south-1 \
| docker login \
    --username AWS \
    --password-stdin 772975370895.dkr.ecr.me-south-1.amazonaws.com

    • ap-east-1 Region

      $aws ecr get-login-password \
    --region ap-east-1 \
| docker login \
    --username AWS \
    --password-stdin 856666278305.dkr.ecr.ap-east-1.amazonaws.com

  7. Run one of the following commands to start the App Mesh Envoy container on your instance, depending on which Region you want to pull the image from. The apps and serviceB values are the mesh and virtual node names defined in the scenario. This information tells the proxy which virtual node configuration to read from App Mesh. To complete the scenario, you also need to complete these steps for the Amazon EC2 instances that host the services represented by the serviceBv2 and serviceA virtual nodes. For your own application, replace these values with your own.

    • All Regions except me-south-1, ap-east-1, ap-southeast-3, eu-south-1, il-central-1, and af-south-1. You can replace Region-code with any supported Region except the me-south-1, ap-east-1, ap-southeast-3, eu-south-1, il-central-1, and af-south-1 Regions. You can replace 1337 with any value between 0 and 2147483647.

      sudo docker run --detach --env APPMESH_RESOURCE_ARN=mesh/apps/virtualNode/serviceB  \
-u 1337 --network host 840364872350.dkr.ecr.region-code.amazonaws.com/aws-appmesh-envoy:v1.27.3.0-prod

    • me-south-1 Region. You can replace 1337 with any value between 0 and 2147483647.

      sudo docker run --detach --env APPMESH_RESOURCE_ARN=mesh/apps/virtualNode/serviceB  \
-u 1337 --network host 772975370895.dkr.ecr.me-south-1.amazonaws.com/aws-appmesh-envoy:v1.27.3.0-prod

    • ap-east-1 Region. You can replace 1337 with any value between 0 and 2147483647.

      sudo docker run --detach --env APPMESH_RESOURCE_ARN=mesh/apps/virtualNode/serviceB  \
-u 1337 --network host 856666278305.dkr.ecr.ap-east-1.amazonaws.com/aws-appmesh-envoy:v1.27.3.0-prod
    Note

    The APPMESH_RESOURCE_ARN property requires version 1.15.0 or later of the Envoy image. For more information, see Envoy image.

    Important

    Only version v1.9.0.0-prod or later is supported for use with App Mesh.

  8. Select Show more below. Create a file named envoy-networking.sh on your instance with the following contents. Replace 8000 with the port that your application code uses for incoming traffic. You can change the value for APPMESH_IGNORE_UID, but the value must be the same as the value that you specified in the previous step; for example 1337. You can add additional addresses to APPMESH_EGRESS_IGNORED_IP if necessary. Do not modify any other lines.

    #!/bin/bash -e

#
# Start of configurable options
#


#APPMESH_START_ENABLED="0"
APPMESH_IGNORE_UID="1337"
APPMESH_APP_PORTS="8000"
APPMESH_ENVOY_EGRESS_PORT="15001"
APPMESH_ENVOY_INGRESS_PORT="15000"
APPMESH_EGRESS_IGNORED_IP="169.254.169.254,169.254.170.2" 

# Enable routing on the application start.
[ -z "$APPMESH_START_ENABLED" ] && APPMESH_START_ENABLED="0"

# Enable IPv6.
[ -z "$APPMESH_ENABLE_IPV6" ] && APPMESH_ENABLE_IPV6="0"

# Egress traffic from the processess owned by the following UID/GID will be ignored.
if [ -z "$APPMESH_IGNORE_UID" ] && [ -z "$APPMESH_IGNORE_GID" ]; then
    echo "Variables APPMESH_IGNORE_UID and/or APPMESH_IGNORE_GID must be set."
    echo "Envoy must run under those IDs to be able to properly route it's egress traffic."
    exit 1
fi

# Port numbers Application and Envoy are listening on.
if [ -z "$APPMESH_ENVOY_EGRESS_PORT" ]; then
    echo "APPMESH_ENVOY_EGRESS_PORT must be defined to forward traffic from the application to the proxy."
    exit 1
fi

# If an app port was specified, then we also need to enforce the proxies ingress port so we know where to forward traffic.
if [ ! -z "$APPMESH_APP_PORTS" ] && [ -z "$APPMESH_ENVOY_INGRESS_PORT" ]; then
    echo "APPMESH_ENVOY_INGRESS_PORT must be defined to forward traffic from the APPMESH_APP_PORTS to the proxy."
    exit 1
fi

# Comma separated list of ports for which egress traffic will be ignored, we always refuse to route SSH traffic.
if [ -z "$APPMESH_EGRESS_IGNORED_PORTS" ]; then
    APPMESH_EGRESS_IGNORED_PORTS="22"
else
    APPMESH_EGRESS_IGNORED_PORTS="$APPMESH_EGRESS_IGNORED_PORTS,22"
fi

#
# End of configurable options
#

function initialize() {
    echo "=== Initializing ==="
    if [ ! -z "$APPMESH_APP_PORTS" ]; then
        iptables -t nat -N APPMESH_INGRESS
        if [ "$APPMESH_ENABLE_IPV6" == "1" ]; then
            ip6tables -t nat -N APPMESH_INGRESS
        fi
    fi
    iptables -t nat -N APPMESH_EGRESS
    if [ "$APPMESH_ENABLE_IPV6" == "1" ]; then
        ip6tables -t nat -N APPMESH_EGRESS
    fi
}

function enable_egress_routing() {
    # Stuff to ignore
    [ ! -z "$APPMESH_IGNORE_UID" ] && \
        iptables -t nat -A APPMESH_EGRESS \
        -m owner --uid-owner $APPMESH_IGNORE_UID \
        -j RETURN

    [ ! -z "$APPMESH_IGNORE_GID" ] && \
        iptables -t nat -A APPMESH_EGRESS \
        -m owner --gid-owner $APPMESH_IGNORE_GID \
        -j RETURN

    [ ! -z "$APPMESH_EGRESS_IGNORED_PORTS" ] && \
        for IGNORED_PORT in $(echo "$APPMESH_EGRESS_IGNORED_PORTS" | tr "," "\n"); do
          iptables -t nat -A APPMESH_EGRESS \
          -p tcp \
          -m multiport --dports "$IGNORED_PORT" \
          -j RETURN
        done

    if [ "$APPMESH_ENABLE_IPV6" == "1" ]; then
      # Stuff to ignore ipv6
      [ ! -z "$APPMESH_IGNORE_UID" ] && \
          ip6tables -t nat -A APPMESH_EGRESS \
          -m owner --uid-owner $APPMESH_IGNORE_UID \
          -j RETURN

      [ ! -z "$APPMESH_IGNORE_GID" ] && \
          ip6tables -t nat -A APPMESH_EGRESS \
          -m owner --gid-owner $APPMESH_IGNORE_GID \
          -j RETURN

      [ ! -z "$APPMESH_EGRESS_IGNORED_PORTS" ] && \
        for IGNORED_PORT in $(echo "$APPMESH_EGRESS_IGNORED_PORTS" | tr "," "\n"); do
          ip6tables -t nat -A APPMESH_EGRESS \
          -p tcp \
          -m multiport --dports "$IGNORED_PORT" \
          -j RETURN
        done
    fi

    # The list can contain both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. We will loop over this list
    # to add every IPv4 address into `iptables` and every IPv6 address into `ip6tables`.
    [ ! -z "$APPMESH_EGRESS_IGNORED_IP" ] && \
        for IP_ADDR in $(echo "$APPMESH_EGRESS_IGNORED_IP" | tr "," "\n"); do
            if [[ $IP_ADDR =~ .*:.* ]]
            then
                [ "$APPMESH_ENABLE_IPV6" == "1" ] && \
                    ip6tables -t nat -A APPMESH_EGRESS \
                        -p tcp \
                        -d "$IP_ADDR" \
                        -j RETURN
            else
                iptables -t nat -A APPMESH_EGRESS \
                    -p tcp \
                    -d "$IP_ADDR" \
                    -j RETURN
            fi
        done

    # Redirect everything that is not ignored
    iptables -t nat -A APPMESH_EGRESS \
        -p tcp \
        -j REDIRECT --to $APPMESH_ENVOY_EGRESS_PORT

    # Apply APPMESH_EGRESS chain to non local traffic
    iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT \
        -p tcp \
        -m addrtype ! --dst-type LOCAL \
        -j APPMESH_EGRESS

    if [ "$APPMESH_ENABLE_IPV6" == "1" ]; then
        # Redirect everything that is not ignored ipv6
        ip6tables -t nat -A APPMESH_EGRESS \
            -p tcp \
            -j REDIRECT --to $APPMESH_ENVOY_EGRESS_PORT
        # Apply APPMESH_EGRESS chain to non local traffic ipv6
        ip6tables -t nat -A OUTPUT \
            -p tcp \
            -m addrtype ! --dst-type LOCAL \
            -j APPMESH_EGRESS
    fi

}

function enable_ingress_redirect_routing() {
    # Route everything arriving at the application port to Envoy
    iptables -t nat -A APPMESH_INGRESS \
        -p tcp \
        -m multiport --dports "$APPMESH_APP_PORTS" \
        -j REDIRECT --to-port "$APPMESH_ENVOY_INGRESS_PORT"

    # Apply AppMesh ingress chain to everything non-local
    iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING \
        -p tcp \
        -m addrtype ! --src-type LOCAL \
        -j APPMESH_INGRESS

    if [ "$APPMESH_ENABLE_IPV6" == "1" ]; then
        # Route everything arriving at the application port to Envoy ipv6
        ip6tables -t nat -A APPMESH_INGRESS \
            -p tcp \
            -m multiport --dports "$APPMESH_APP_PORTS" \
            -j REDIRECT --to-port "$APPMESH_ENVOY_INGRESS_PORT"

        # Apply AppMesh ingress chain to everything non-local ipv6
        ip6tables -t nat -A PREROUTING \
            -p tcp \
            -m addrtype ! --src-type LOCAL \
            -j APPMESH_INGRESS
    fi
}

function enable_routing() {
    echo "=== Enabling routing ==="
    enable_egress_routing
    if [ ! -z "$APPMESH_APP_PORTS" ]; then
        enable_ingress_redirect_routing
    fi
}

function disable_routing() {
    echo "=== Disabling routing ==="
    iptables -t nat -F APPMESH_INGRESS
    iptables -t nat -F APPMESH_EGRESS

    if [ "$APPMESH_ENABLE_IPV6" == "1" ]; then
        ip6tables -t nat -F APPMESH_INGRESS
        ip6tables -t nat -F APPMESH_EGRESS
    fi
}

function dump_status() {
    echo "=== iptables FORWARD table ==="
    iptables -L -v -n
    echo "=== iptables NAT table ==="
    iptables -t nat -L -v -n

    if [ "$APPMESH_ENABLE_IPV6" == "1" ]; then
        echo "=== ip6tables FORWARD table ==="
        ip6tables -L -v -n
        echo "=== ip6tables NAT table ==="
        ip6tables -t nat -L -v -n
    fi
}

function clean_up() {
    disable_routing
    ruleNum=$(iptables -L PREROUTING -t nat --line-numbers | grep APPMESH_INGRESS | cut -d " " -f 1)
    iptables -t nat -D PREROUTING $ruleNum

    ruleNum=$(iptables -L OUTPUT -t nat --line-numbers | grep APPMESH_EGRESS | cut -d " " -f 1)
    iptables -t nat -D OUTPUT $ruleNum

    iptables -t nat -X APPMESH_INGRESS
    iptables -t nat -X APPMESH_EGRESS

    if [ "$APPMESH_ENABLE_IPV6" == "1" ]; then
        ruleNum=$(ip6tables -L PREROUTING -t nat --line-numbers | grep APPMESH_INGRESS | cut -d " " -f 1)
        ip6tables -t nat -D PREROUTING $ruleNum

        ruleNum=$(ip6tables -L OUTPUT -t nat --line-numbers | grep APPMESH_EGRESS | cut -d " " -f 1)
        ip6tables -t nat -D OUTPUT $ruleNum

        ip6tables -t nat -X APPMESH_INGRESS
        ip6tables -t nat -X APPMESH_EGRESS
    fi
}

function main_loop() {
    echo "=== Entering main loop ==="
    while read -p '> ' cmd; do
        case "$cmd" in
            "quit")
                clean_up
                break
                ;;
            "status")
                dump_status
                ;;
            "enable")
                enable_routing
                ;;
            "disable")
                disable_routing
                ;;
            *)
                echo "Available commands: quit, status, enable, disable"
                ;;
        esac
    done
}

function print_config() {
    echo "=== Input configuration ==="
    env | grep APPMESH_ || true
}

print_config

initialize

if [ "$APPMESH_START_ENABLED" == "1" ]; then
    enable_routing
fi

main_loop
    Show moreShow less

  9. To configure iptables rules to route application traffic to the Envoy proxy, run the script that you created in the previous step.

    sudo ./envoy-networking.sh

  10. Start your virtual node application code.

Note

For more examples and walkthroughs for App Mesh, see the App Mesh examples repository.