How Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) uses AWS KMS - AWS Key Management Service
Overview of Amazon SES encryption using AWS KMSAmazon SES encryption contextGiving Amazon SES permission to use your AWS KMS keyGetting and decrypting email messages

How Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) uses AWS KMS

You can use Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) to receive email, and (optionally) to encrypt the received email messages before storing them in an Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket that you choose. When you configure Amazon SES to encrypt email messages, you must choose the AWS KMS AWS KMS key under which Amazon SES encrypts the messages. You can choose the AWS managed key for Amazon SES (its alias is aws/ses), or you can choose a symmetric customer managed key that you created in AWS KMS.

Important

Amazon SES supports only symmetric KMS keys. You cannot use an asymmetric KMS key to encrypt your Amazon SES email messages. For help determining whether a KMS key is symmetric or asymmetric, see Identifying asymmetric KMS keys.

For more information about receiving email using Amazon SES, go to Receiving Email with Amazon SES in the Amazon Simple Email Service Developer Guide.

Overview of Amazon SES encryption using AWS KMS

When you configure Amazon SES to receive email and encrypt the email messages before saving them to your S3 bucket, the process works like this:

  1. You create a receipt rule for Amazon SES, specifying the S3 action, an S3 bucket for storage, and an AWS KMS key for encryption.

  2. Amazon SES receives an email message that matches your receipt rule.

  3. Amazon SES requests a unique data key encrypted with the KMS key that you specified in the applicable receipt rule.

  4. AWS KMS creates a new data key, encrypts it with the specified KMS key, and then sends the encrypted and plaintext copies of the data key to Amazon SES.

  5. Amazon SES uses the plaintext data key to encrypt the email message and then removes the plaintext data key from memory as soon as possible after use.

  6. Amazon SES puts the encrypted email message and the encrypted data key in the specified S3 bucket. The encrypted data key is stored as metadata with the encrypted email message.

To accomplish Step 3 through Step 6, Amazon SES uses the AWS–provided Amazon S3 encryption client. Use the same client to retrieve your encrypted email messages from Amazon S3 and decrypt them. For more information, see Getting and decrypting email messages.

Amazon SES encryption context

When Amazon SES requests a data key to encrypt your received email messages (Step 3 in the Overview of Amazon SES encryption using AWS KMS), it includes an encryption context in the request. The encryption context provides additional authenticated data (AAD) that AWS KMS uses to ensure data integrity. The encryption context is also written to your AWS CloudTrail log files, which can help you understand why a given AWS KMS key (KMS key) was used. Amazon SES uses the following encryption context:

  • The ID of the AWS account in which you've configured Amazon SES to receive email messages

  • The rule name of the Amazon SES receipt rule that invoked the S3 action on the email message

  • The Amazon SES message ID for the email message

The following example shows a JSON representation of the encryption context that Amazon SES uses:

{
  "aws:ses:source-account": "111122223333",
  "aws:ses:rule-name": "example-receipt-rule-name",
  "aws:ses:message-id": "d6iitobk75ur44p8kdnnp7g2n800"
}

Giving Amazon SES permission to use your AWS KMS key

To encrypt your email messages, you can use the AWS managed key in your account for Amazon SES (aws/ses), or you can use a customer managed key that you create. Amazon SES already has permission to use the AWS managed key on your behalf. However, if you specify a customer managed key when you add the S3 action to your Amazon SES receipt rule, you must give Amazon SES permission to use the KMS key to encrypt your email messages.

To give Amazon SES permission to use your customer managed key, add the following statement to that KMS key's key policy:

{
  "Sid": "Allow SES to encrypt messages using this KMS key",
  "Effect": "Allow",
  "Principal": {"Service": "ses.amazonaws.com"},
  "Action": [
    "kms:Encrypt",
    "kms:GenerateDataKey*"
  ],
  "Resource": "*",
  "Condition": {
    "Null": {
      "kms:EncryptionContext:aws:ses:rule-name": false,
      "kms:EncryptionContext:aws:ses:message-id": false
    },
    "StringEquals": {"kms:EncryptionContext:aws:ses:source-account": "ACCOUNT-ID-WITHOUT-HYPHENS"}
  }
}

Replace ACCOUNT-ID-WITHOUT-HYPHENS with the 12-digit ID of the AWS account where you've configured Amazon SES to receive email messages. This policy statement allows Amazon SES to encrypt data with this KMS key only under these conditions:

  • Amazon SES must specify aws:ses:rule-name and aws:ses:message-id in the EncryptionContext of their AWS KMS API requests.

  • Amazon SES must specify aws:ses:source-account in the EncryptionContext of their AWS KMS API requests, and the value for aws:ses:source-account must match the AWS account ID specified in the key policy.

For more information about the encryption context that Amazon SES uses when encrypting your email messages, see Amazon SES encryption context. For general information about how AWS KMS uses the encryption context, see encryption context.

Getting and decrypting email messages

Amazon SES does not have permission to decrypt your encrypted email messages and cannot decrypt them for you. You must write code to get your email messages from Amazon S3 and decrypt them. To make this easier, use the Amazon S3 encryption client. The following AWS SDKs include the Amazon S3 encryption client:

The Amazon S3 encryption client simplifies the work of constructing the necessary requests to Amazon S3 to retrieve the encrypted email message and to AWS KMS to decrypt the message's encrypted data key, and of decrypting the email message. For example, to successfully decrypt the encrypted data key you must pass the same encryption context that Amazon SES passed when requesting the data key from AWS KMS (Step 3 in the Overview of Amazon SES encryption using AWS KMS). The Amazon S3 encryption client handles this, and much of the other work, for you.

For sample code that uses the Amazon S3 encryption client in the AWS SDK for Java to do client-side decryption, see the following: