AWS Identity and Access Management 模板代码段

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本部分包含 AWS Identity and Access Management 模板代码段。

重要

使用包含 IAM 资源的模板创建或更新堆栈时，您必须确认 IAM 功能的使用。有关更多信息，请参阅 确认 CloudFormation 模板中的 IAM 资源。

声明 IAM 用户资源

此代码段显示如何声明 AWS::IAM::User 资源以创建 IAM 用户。此用户使用路径 "/" 和密码为 myP@ssW0rd 的登录配置文件进行声明。

名为 giveaccesstoqueueonly 的策略文档为用户授予权限以对 Amazon SQS 队列资源 myqueue 执行所有 Amazon SQS 操作，并拒绝对所有其他 Amazon SQS 队列资源进行访问。Fn::GetAtt 函数将获取 AWS::SQS::Queue 资源 myqueue 的 Arn 属性。

可以在用户中添加名为 giveaccesstotopiconly 的策略文档，以便为用户授予权限以对 Amazon SNS 主题资源 mytopic 执行所有 Amazon SNS 操作，并拒绝对所有其他 Amazon SNS 资源进行访问。Ref 函数将获取 AWS::SNS::Topic 资源 mytopic 的 ARN。

JSON

"myuser" : {
   "Type" : "AWS::IAM::User",
   "Properties" : {
      "Path" : "/",
      "LoginProfile" : {
         "Password" : "myP@ssW0rd"
      },
      "Policies" : [ {
         "PolicyName" : "giveaccesstoqueueonly",
         "PolicyDocument" : {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement" : [ {
               "Effect" : "Allow",
               "Action" : [ "sqs:*" ],
               "Resource" : [ {
                  "Fn::GetAtt" : [ "myqueue", "Arn" ]
               } ]
            }, {
               "Effect" : "Deny",
               "Action" : [ "sqs:*" ],
               "NotResource" : [ {
                  "Fn::GetAtt" : [ "myqueue", "Arn" ]
               } ]
            }
         ] }
      }, {
         "PolicyName" : "giveaccesstotopiconly",
         "PolicyDocument" : {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement" : [ {
               "Effect" : "Allow",
               "Action" : [ "sns:*" ],
               "Resource" : [ { "Ref" : "mytopic" } ]
            }, {
               "Effect" : "Deny",
               "Action" : [ "sns:*" ],
               "NotResource" : [ { "Ref" : "mytopic" } ]
            } ]
         }
      } ]
   }
} 

YAML

myuser:
  Type: AWS::IAM::User
  Properties:
    Path: "/"
    LoginProfile:
      Password: myP@ssW0rd
    Policies:
    - PolicyName: giveaccesstoqueueonly
      PolicyDocument:
        Version: '2012-10-17'
        Statement:
        - Effect: Allow
          Action:
          - sqs:*
          Resource:
          - !GetAtt myqueue.Arn
        - Effect: Deny
          Action:
          - sqs:*
          NotResource:
          - !GetAtt myqueue.Arn
    - PolicyName: giveaccesstotopiconly
      PolicyDocument:
        Version: '2012-10-17'
        Statement:
        - Effect: Allow
          Action:
          - sns:*
          Resource:
          - !Ref mytopic
        - Effect: Deny
          Action:
          - sns:*
          NotResource:
          - !Ref mytopic

声明 IAM 访问密钥资源

此代码段显示的是 AWS::IAM::AccessKey 资源。myaccesskey 资源创建访问密钥并将其分配给在模板中声明为 AWS::IAM::User 资源的 IAM 用户。

JSON

"myaccesskey" : {
   "Type" : "AWS::IAM::AccessKey",
   "Properties" : {
      "UserName" : { "Ref" : "myuser" }
   }
} 

YAML

myaccesskey:
  Type: AWS::IAM::AccessKey
  Properties:
    UserName:
      !Ref myuser

您可使用 AWS::IAM::AccessKey 函数获取 Fn::GetAtt 资源的私有密钥。检索密钥的一种方式是将其放入 Output 值中。您可使用 Ref 函数获取访问密钥。以下 Output 值声明获取 myaccesskey 的访问密钥和私有密钥。

JSON

"AccessKeyformyaccesskey" : {
   "Value" : { "Ref" : "myaccesskey" }
},
"SecretKeyformyaccesskey" : {
   "Value" : {
      "Fn::GetAtt" : [ "myaccesskey", "SecretAccessKey" ]
   }
} 

YAML

AccessKeyformyaccesskey:
  Value:
    !Ref myaccesskey
SecretKeyformyaccesskey:
  Value: !GetAtt myaccesskey.SecretAccessKey

您还可以将 AWS 访问密钥和私有密钥传输给在模板中定义的 Amazon EC2 实例或自动扩缩组。以下 AWS::EC2::Instance 声明使用 UserData 属性传递 myaccesskey 资源的访问密钥和私有密钥。

JSON

"myinstance" : {
   "Type" : "AWS::EC2::Instance",
   "Properties" : {
      "AvailabilityZone" : "us-east-1a",
      "ImageId" : "ami-0ff8a91507f77f867",
      "UserData" : {
         "Fn::Base64" : {
            "Fn::Join" : [
               "", [
                  "ACCESS_KEY=", {
                     "Ref" : "myaccesskey"
                  },
                  "&",
                  "SECRET_KEY=",
                  {
                     "Fn::GetAtt" : [
                        "myaccesskey",
                        "SecretAccessKey"
                     ]
                  }
               ]
            ]
         }
      }
   }
} 

YAML

myinstance:
  Type: AWS::EC2::Instance
  Properties:
    AvailabilityZone: "us-east-1a"
    ImageId: ami-0ff8a91507f77f867
    UserData:
      Fn::Base64: !Sub "ACCESS_KEY=${myaccesskey}&SECRET_KEY=${myaccesskey.SecretAccessKey}"

声明 IAM 组资源

此代码段显示的是 AWS::IAM::Group 资源。该组有一个路径 ("/myapplication/")。可以在组中添加名为 myapppolicy 的策略文档，以允许组的用户对 Amazon SQS 队列资源 myqueue 执行所有 Amazon SQS 操作，并拒绝对 myqueue 以外的所有其他 Amazon SQS 资源进行访问。

要分配一个策略给资源，IAM 需要该资源的 Amazon 资源名称（ARN）。在此代码段中，Fn::GetAtt 函数将获取 AWS::SQS::Queue 资源队列的 ARN。

JSON

"mygroup" : {
   "Type" : "AWS::IAM::Group",
   "Properties" : {
      "Path" : "/myapplication/",
      "Policies" : [ {
         "PolicyName" : "myapppolicy",
         "PolicyDocument" : {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement" : [ {
               "Effect" : "Allow",
               "Action" : [ "sqs:*" ],
               "Resource" : [ {
                  "Fn::GetAtt" : [ "myqueue", "Arn" ]
               } ]
            },
            {
               "Effect" : "Deny",
               "Action" : [ "sqs:*" ],
               "NotResource" : [ { "Fn::GetAtt" : [ "myqueue", "Arn" ] } ]
            }
         ] }
      } ]
   }
}

YAML

mygroup:
  Type: AWS::IAM::Group
  Properties:
    Path: "/myapplication/"
    Policies:
    - PolicyName: myapppolicy
      PolicyDocument:
        Version: '2012-10-17'
        Statement:
        - Effect: Allow
          Action:
          - sqs:*
          Resource: !GetAtt myqueue.Arn
        - Effect: Deny
          Action:
          - sqs:*
          NotResource: !GetAtt myqueue.Arn

将用户添加到组中

AWS::IAM::UserToGroupAddition 资源会将用户添加到组。在以下代码段中，addUserToGroup 资源将以下用户添加到名为 myexistinggroup2 的现有组中：现有用户 existinguser1 和在模板中声明为 myuser 资源的用户 AWS::IAM::User。

JSON

"addUserToGroup" : {
   "Type" : "AWS::IAM::UserToGroupAddition",
   "Properties" : {
      "GroupName" : "myexistinggroup2",
      "Users" : [ "existinguser1", { "Ref" : "myuser" } ]
   }
}

YAML

addUserToGroup:
  Type: AWS::IAM::UserToGroupAddition
  Properties:
    GroupName: myexistinggroup2
    Users:
    - existinguser1
    - !Ref myuser

声明 IAM policy

此代码段显示如何创建策略并使用名为 AWS::IAM::Policy 的 mypolicy 资源将该策略应用于多个组。mypolicy 资源包含一个 PolicyDocument 属性，该属性允许对 S3 存储桶 (由 ARN GetObject 表示) 中的对象执行 PutObject、PutObjectAcl 和 arn:aws:s3:::myAWSBucket 操作。mypolicy 资源将策略应用于名为 myexistinggroup1 的现有组以及在模板中声明为 AWS::IAM::Group 资源的组 mygroup。此示例显示如何使用 Groups 属性将策略应用于组；但您也可以使用 Users 属性将策略文档添加到用户列表。

重要

在 AWS::IAM::Policy 资源中声明的 Amazon SNS 策略操作与在 AWS::SNS::TopicPolicy 资源中声明的 Amazon SNS 主题策略操作不同。例如，策略操作 sns:Unsubscribe 和 sns:SetSubscriptionAttributes 对 AWS::IAM::Policy 资源有效，但对 AWS::SNS::TopicPolicy 资源无效。有关与 AWS::IAM::Policy 资源一起使用的有效 Amazon SNS 策略的更多信息，请参阅《Amazon Simple Notification Service 开发人员指南》中的 Amazon SNS 策略的特殊信息。

JSON

"mypolicy" : {
   "Type" : "AWS::IAM::Policy",
   "Properties" : {
      "PolicyName" : "mygrouppolicy",
      "PolicyDocument" : {
         "Version": "2012-10-17",
         "Statement" : [ {
            "Effect" : "Allow",
            "Action" : [
               "s3:GetObject" , "s3:PutObject" , "s3:PutObjectAcl" ],
            "Resource" : "arn:aws:s3:::myAWSBucket/*"
         } ]
      },
      "Groups" : [ "myexistinggroup1", { "Ref" : "mygroup" } ]
   }
}

YAML

mypolicy:
  Type: AWS::IAM::Policy
  Properties:
    PolicyName: mygrouppolicy
    PolicyDocument:
      Version: '2012-10-17'
      Statement:
      - Effect: Allow
        Action:
        - s3:GetObject
        - s3:PutObject
        - s3:PutObjectAcl
        Resource: arn:aws:s3:::myAWSBucket/*
    Groups:
    - myexistinggroup1
    - !Ref mygroup

声明 Amazon S3 存储桶策略

此代码段说明如何创建策略并将其应用于使用 AWS::S3::BucketPolicy 资源的 Amazon S3 存储桶。mybucketpolicy 资源声明一个策略文档，以允许 user1 IAM 用户对应用了该策略的 S3 存储桶中的所有对象执行 GetObject 操作。在此代码段中，Fn::GetAtt 函数将获取 user1 资源的 ARN。mybucketpolicy 资源将此策略应用于 AWS::S3::BucketPolicy 资源 mybucket。Refmybucket function 获取 资源的存储桶名称。

JSON

"mybucketpolicy" : {
   "Type" : "AWS::S3::BucketPolicy",
   "Properties" : {
      "PolicyDocument" : {
         "Id" : "MyPolicy",
         "Version": "2012-10-17",
         "Statement" : [ {
            "Sid" : "ReadAccess",
            "Action" : [ "s3:GetObject" ],
            "Effect" : "Allow",
            "Resource" : { "Fn::Join" : [
                  "", [ "arn:aws:s3:::", { "Ref" : "mybucket" } , "/*" ]
               ] },
            "Principal" : {
               "AWS" : { "Fn::GetAtt" : [ "user1", "Arn" ] }
            }
         } ]
      },
      "Bucket" : { "Ref" : "mybucket" }
   }
}

YAML

mybucketpolicy:
  Type: AWS::S3::BucketPolicy
  Properties:
    PolicyDocument:
      Id: MyPolicy
      Version: '2012-10-17'
      Statement:
      - Sid: ReadAccess
        Action:
        - s3:GetObject
        Effect: Allow
        Resource: !Sub "arn:aws:s3:::${mybucket}/*"
        Principal:
          AWS: !GetAtt user1.Arn
    Bucket: !Ref mybucket

声明 Amazon SNS 主题策略

此代码段说明如何创建策略并将其应用于使用 AWS::SNS::TopicPolicy 资源的 Amazon SNS 主题。mysnspolicy 资源包含一个 PolicyDocument 属性，该属性允许 AWS::IAM::User 资源 myuser 对 Publish 资源 AWS::SNS::Topic 执行 mytopic 操作。在此代码段中，Fn::GetAtt 函数将获取 myuser 资源的 ARN，而 Ref 函数将获取 mytopic 资源的 ARN。

重要

在 AWS::IAM::Policy 资源中声明的 Amazon SNS 策略操作与在 AWS::SNS::TopicPolicy 资源中声明的 Amazon SNS 主题策略操作不同。例如，策略操作 sns:Unsubscribe 和 sns:SetSubscriptionAttributes 对 AWS::IAM::Policy 资源有效，但对 AWS::SNS::TopicPolicy 资源无效。有关与 AWS::IAM::Policy 资源一起使用的有效 Amazon SNS 策略的更多信息，请参阅《Amazon Simple Notification Service 开发人员指南》中的 Amazon SNS 策略的特殊信息。

JSON

"mysnspolicy" : {
   "Type" : "AWS::SNS::TopicPolicy",
   "Properties" : {
      "PolicyDocument" :  {
         "Id" : "MyTopicPolicy",
         "Version" : "2012-10-17",
         "Statement" : [ {
            "Sid" : "My-statement-id",
            "Effect" : "Allow",
            "Principal" : {
               "AWS" : { "Fn::GetAtt" : [ "myuser", "Arn" ] }
            },
            "Action" : "sns:Publish",
            "Resource" : "*"
         } ]
      },
      "Topics" : [ { "Ref" : "mytopic" } ]
   }
}

YAML

mysnspolicy:
  Type: AWS::SNS::TopicPolicy
  Properties:
    PolicyDocument:
      Id: MyTopicPolicy
      Version: '2012-10-17'
      Statement:
      - Sid: My-statement-id
        Effect: Allow
        Principal:
          AWS: !GetAtt myuser.Arn
        Action: sns:Publish
        Resource: "*"
    Topics:
    - !Ref mytopic

声明 Amazon SQS 策略

该代码段说明如何使用 AWS::SQS::QueuePolicy 资源创建策略并将其应用于 Amazon SQS 队列。PolicyDocument 属性可使现有用户 myapp（由其 ARN 指定）对现有队列（按其 URL 指定）和 SendMessage 资源 myqueue 执行 AWS::SQS::Queue 操作。Ref 函数获取 资源的 URL。myqueue

JSON

"mysqspolicy" : {
   "Type" : "AWS::SQS::QueuePolicy",
   "Properties" : {
      "PolicyDocument" : {
         "Id" : "MyQueuePolicy",
         "Version" : "2012-10-17",
         "Statement" : [ {
            "Sid" : "Allow-User-SendMessage",
            "Effect" : "Allow",
            "Principal" : {
               "AWS" : "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/myapp"
            },
            "Action" : [ "sqs:SendMessage" ],
            "Resource" : "*"
         } ]
      },
      "Queues" : [
         "https://sqs.us-east-2aws-region.amazonaws.com/123456789012/myexistingqueue",
         { "Ref" : "myqueue" }
      ]
   }
}

YAML

mysqspolicy:
  Type: AWS::SQS::QueuePolicy
  Properties:
    PolicyDocument:
      Id: MyQueuePolicy
      Version: '2012-10-17'
      Statement:
      - Sid: Allow-User-SendMessage
        Effect: Allow
        Principal:
          AWS: arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/myapp
        Action:
        - sqs:SendMessage
        Resource: "*"
    Queues:
    - https://sqs.aws-region.amazonaws.com/123456789012/myexistingqueue
    - !Ref myqueue

IAM 角色模板示例

本部分提供 EC2 实例之 IAM 角色的 CloudFormation 模板示例。

有关 IAM 角色的更多信息，请参阅《AWS Identity and Access Management 用户指南》中的使用角色。

带 EC2 的 IAM 角色

在此示例中，实例配置文件由 EC2 实例的 IamInstanceProfile 属性引用。实例策略和角色策略都引用 AWS::IAM::Role。

JSON

{
   "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09",
   "Resources": {
      "myEC2Instance": {
         "Type": "AWS::EC2::Instance",
         "Version": "2009-05-15",
         "Properties": {
            "ImageId": "ami-0ff8a91507f77f867",
            "InstanceType": "m1.small",
            "Monitoring": "true",
            "DisableApiTermination": "false",
            "IamInstanceProfile": {
               "Ref": "RootInstanceProfile"
            }
         }
      },
      "RootRole": {
         "Type": "AWS::IAM::Role",
         "Properties": {
            "AssumeRolePolicyDocument": {
               "Version" : "2012-10-17",
               "Statement": [ {
                  "Effect": "Allow",
                  "Principal": {
                     "Service": [ "ec2.amazonaws.com" ]
                  },
                  "Action": [ "sts:AssumeRole" ]
               } ]
            },
            "Path": "/"
         }
      },
      "RolePolicies": {
         "Type": "AWS::IAM::Policy",
         "Properties": {
            "PolicyName": "root",
            "PolicyDocument": {
               "Version" : "2012-10-17",
               "Statement": [ {
                  "Effect": "Allow",
                  "Action": "*",
                  "Resource": "*"
               } ]
            },
            "Roles": [ { "Ref": "RootRole" } ]
         }
      },
      "RootInstanceProfile": {
         "Type": "AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile",
         "Properties": {
            "Path": "/",
            "Roles": [ { "Ref": "RootRole" } ]
         }
      }
   }
}

YAML

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09'
Resources:
  myEC2Instance:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Instance
    Version: '2009-05-15'
    Properties:
      ImageId: ami-0ff8a91507f77f867
      InstanceType: m1.small
      Monitoring: 'true'
      DisableApiTermination: 'false'
      IamInstanceProfile:
        !Ref RootInstanceProfile
  RootRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: '2012-10-17'
        Statement:
        - Effect: Allow
          Principal:
            Service:
            - ec2.amazonaws.com
          Action:
          - sts:AssumeRole
      Path: "/"
  RolePolicies:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Policy
    Properties:
      PolicyName: root
      PolicyDocument:
        Version: '2012-10-17'
        Statement:
        - Effect: Allow
          Action: "*"
          Resource: "*"
      Roles:
      - !Ref RootRole
  RootInstanceProfile:
    Type: AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile
    Properties:
      Path: "/"
      Roles:
      - !Ref RootRole

带 AutoScaling 组的 IAM 角色

在此示例中，实例配置文件由自动扩缩组启动配置的 IamInstanceProfile 属性引用。

JSON

{
   "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09",
   "Resources": {
      "myLCOne": {
         "Type": "AWS::AutoScaling::LaunchConfiguration",
         "Version": "2009-05-15",
         "Properties": {
            "ImageId": "ami-0ff8a91507f77f867",
            "InstanceType": "m1.small",
            "InstanceMonitoring": "true",
            "IamInstanceProfile": { "Ref": "RootInstanceProfile" }
         }
      },
      "myASGrpOne": {
         "Type": "AWS::AutoScaling::AutoScalingGroup",
         "Version": "2009-05-15",
         "Properties": {
            "AvailabilityZones": [ "us-east-1a" ],
            "LaunchConfigurationName": { "Ref": "myLCOne" },
            "MinSize": "0",
            "MaxSize": "0",
            "HealthCheckType": "EC2",
            "HealthCheckGracePeriod": "120"
         }
      },
      "RootRole": {
         "Type": "AWS::IAM::Role",
         "Properties": {
            "AssumeRolePolicyDocument": {
               "Version" : "2012-10-17",
               "Statement": [ {
                  "Effect": "Allow",
                  "Principal": {
                     "Service": [ "ec2.amazonaws.com" ]
                  },
                  "Action": [ "sts:AssumeRole" ]
               } ]
            },
            "Path": "/"
         }
      },
      "RolePolicies": {
         "Type": "AWS::IAM::Policy",
         "Properties": {
            "PolicyName": "root",
            "PolicyDocument": {
               "Version" : "2012-10-17",
               "Statement": [ {
                  "Effect": "Allow",
                  "Action": "*",
                  "Resource": "*"
               } ]
            },
            "Roles": [ { "Ref": "RootRole" } ]
         }
      },
      "RootInstanceProfile": {
         "Type": "AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile",
         "Properties": {
            "Path": "/",
            "Roles": [ { "Ref": "RootRole" } ]
         }
      }
   }
}  

YAML

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09'
Resources:
  myLCOne:
    Type: AWS::AutoScaling::LaunchConfiguration
    Version: '2009-05-15'
    Properties:
      ImageId: ami-0ff8a91507f77f867
      InstanceType: m1.small
      InstanceMonitoring: 'true'
      IamInstanceProfile:
        !Ref RootInstanceProfile
  myASGrpOne:
    Type: AWS::AutoScaling::AutoScalingGroup
    Version: '2009-05-15'
    Properties:
      AvailabilityZones:
      - "us-east-1a"
      LaunchConfigurationName:
        !Ref myLCOne
      MinSize: '0'
      MaxSize: '0'
      HealthCheckType: EC2
      HealthCheckGracePeriod: '120'
  RootRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: '2012-10-17'
        Statement:
        - Effect: Allow
          Principal:
            Service:
            - ec2.amazonaws.com
          Action:
          - sts:AssumeRole
      Path: "/"
  RolePolicies:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Policy
    Properties:
      PolicyName: root
      PolicyDocument:
        Version: '2012-10-17'
        Statement:
        - Effect: Allow
          Action: "*"
          Resource: "*"
      Roles:
      - !Ref RootRole
  RootInstanceProfile:
    Type: AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile
    Properties:
      Path: "/"
      Roles:
      - !Ref RootRole