Data Protection in Amazon Forecast
The AWS shared responsibility model
For data protection purposes, we recommend that you protect AWS account credentials and set up individual users with AWS IAM Identity Center or AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM). That way, each user is given only the permissions necessary to fulfill their job duties. We also recommend that you secure your data in the following ways:
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Use multi-factor authentication (MFA) with each account.
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Use SSL/TLS to communicate with AWS resources. We require TLS 1.2 and recommend TLS 1.3.
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Set up API and user activity logging with AWS CloudTrail.
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Use AWS encryption solutions, along with all default security controls within AWS services.
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Use advanced managed security services such as Amazon Macie, which assists in discovering and securing sensitive data that is stored in Amazon S3.
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If you require FIPS 140-2 validated cryptographic modules when accessing AWS through a command line interface or an API, use a FIPS endpoint. For more information about the available FIPS endpoints, see Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 140-2
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We strongly recommend that you never put confidential or sensitive information, such as your customers' email addresses, into tags or free-form text fields such as a Name field. This includes when you work with Forecast or other AWS services using the console, API, AWS CLI, or AWS SDKs. Any data that you enter into tags or free-form text fields used for names may be used for billing or diagnostic logs. If you provide a URL to an external server, we strongly recommend that you do not include credentials information in the URL to validate your request to that server.
Encryption at Rest
In Amazon Forecast encryption configuration is provided during the CreateDataset and CreatePredictor operations. If encryption configuration is provided in the CreateDataset operation, your CMK and IAM Role for encryption at rest is used in the CreateDatasetImportJob operation.
For example, if you provide your key's KMSKeyArn and a RoleArn in the EncryptionConfig statement of the CreateDataset operation, Forecast will assume that role and use the key to encrypt the dataset. If no configuration is provided, then Forecast uses the default service keys for encryption. Additionally, if you provide the EncryptionConfig information for the CreatePredictor operation, then all subsequent operations, such as CreatePredictorExplanability, CreateForecast and CreatePredictorBacktestExportJob, will use the same configuration to perform encryption at rest. Again, if you do not provide an encryption configuration, then Forecast will use the default service encryption.
For any data stored in your Amazon S3 bucket, data is encrypted by the default Amazon S3 key. You can also use your own AWS KMS key to encrypt your data and give Forecast access to this key. For information about data encryption in Amazon S3 see Protecting data using encryption. For information about managing your own AWS KMS key, see Managing keys in the AWS Key Management Service Developer Guide.
Encryption in Transit and Processing
Amazon Forecast uses TLS with AWS certificates to encrypt any data sent to other AWS services. Any communication with other AWS services happens over HTTPS, and Forecast endpoints support only secure connections over HTTPS.
Amazon Forecast copies data out of your account and processes it in an internal AWS system. When processing data, Forecast encrypts data with either a Forecast AWS KMS key or any AWS KMS key you provide.
How Amazon Forecast uses grants in AWS KMS
Amazon Forecast requires a grant to use your customer managed key.
Forecast creates a grant using the IAM role that is passed during EncryptionConfig in the CreatePredictor or CreateDataset operation. Forecast assumes the role and does a create grant operation on your behalf. See Setup IAM role for more details.
However, when you create a predictor encrypted with a customer managed key, Amazon Forecast creates a grant on your behalf by sending a CreateGrant request to AWS KMS. Grants in AWS KMS are used to give Amazon Forecast access to an AWS KMS key in a customer account.
Amazon Forecast requires the grant so that it can use your customer managed key to send Decrypt requests to AWS KMS in order to read the encrypted dataset artifacts. Forecast also uses the grant to send GenerateDataKey requests to AWS KMS in order to encrypt the training artifacts back to Amazon S3.
You can revoke access to the grant, or remove the service's access to the customer managed key at any time. If you do, Amazon Forecast won't be able to access any of the data encrypted by the customer managed key, which affects operations that are dependent on that data. For example, if you attempt to perform the CreateForecast operation on an encrypted predictor that Amazon Forecast can't access, then the operation will return an AccessDeniedException error.
Create a customer managed key
You can create a symmetric customer managed key by using the AWS Management Console or the AWS KMS API. To create a symmetric customer managed key, follow the steps for Creating symmetric customer managed key in the AWS Key Management Service Developer Guide.
Key policies control access to your customer managed key. Every customer managed key must have exactly one key policy, which contains statements that determine who can use the key and how they can use it. When you create your customer managed key, you can specify a key policy. For more information, see Managing access to customer managed keys in the AWS Key Management Service Developer Guide.
To use your customer managed key with Amazon Forecast resources, the following API operations must be permitted in the key policy:
kms:DescribeKey – Provides the customer managed key details that allow Amazon Forecast to validate the key.
kms:CreateGrant – Adds a grant to a customer managed key. Grants control access to a specified AWS KMS key, which allows access to grant operations that Amazon Forecast requires. This operation allows Amazon Forecast to call
GenerateDataKeyto generate an encrypted data key and store it, because the data key is not immediately used for encryption. Also, the operation allows Amazon Forecast to callDecryptso that it can use the stored encrypted data key and access the encrypted data.kms:RetireGrant - Retire all the grants provided during
CreateGrantoperation after the operation is completed.
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Amazon Forecast performs kms:Decrypt and kms:GenerateDataKey validation on the caller's identity. You will receive an AccessDeniedException in the event that the caller doesn't have the relevant permissions. The key policy should also resemble the following code:
"Effect": "Allow", "Principal": { "AWS": “AWS Invoking Identity” }, "Action": [ "kms:Decrypt", "kms:GenerateDataKey” ], "Resource": "*" }
For more details, see IAM Policy.
The following are policy statement examples you can add for Amazon Forecast. These are the minimal permissions required, these can be added using IAM policies as well.
"Statement" : [ {"Sid" : "Allow access to principals authorized to use Amazon Forecast", "Effect" : "Allow", "Principal" : {"AWS" : "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/ROLE_PASSED_TO_FORECAST" }, "Action" : [ "kms:DescribeKey", "kms:CreateGrant", "kms:RetireGrant" ], "Resource" : "*", "Condition" : {"StringEquals" : {"kms:ViaService" : "forecast.region.amazonaws.com", "kms:CallerAccount" : "111122223333" } }, {"Sid": "Allow access for key administrators", "Effect": "Allow", "Principal": {"AWS": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:root" }, "Action" : [ "kms:*" ], "Resource": "arn:aws:kms:region:111122223333:key/key_ID" } ]
See the AWS Key Management Service Developer Guide for more information about specifying permissions in a policy and troubleshooting key access.
Monitoring your encryption keys for Amazon Forecast Service
When you use an AWS KMS customer managed key with your Amazon Forecast Service resources, you can use AWS CloudTrail or Amazon CloudWatch Logs to track requests that Forecast sends to AWS KMS. The following examples are AWS CloudTrail events for CreateGrant, RetireGrant, and DescribeKey to monitor AWS KMS operations called by Amazon Forecast to access data encrypted by your customer managed key.
