Setting withCallProcessRecordsEvenForEmptyRecordList to TRUE during Kinesis Client Library (KCL) initialization will treat empty records differently.

Untrusted AMI images

Improper filtering of Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) can result in loading an untrusted image, a potential security vulnerability.

AWS object presence check

Manually performing an object existence check is inefficient when a built-in operation is available.

Insecure SAML parser configuration

Comment parsing for OpenSAML2 might enable an attacker to bypass authentication.

Cross-site request forgery

Insecure configuration can lead to a cross-site request forgery (CRSF) vulnerability.

Case sensitive keys in S3 object user metadata

User metadata keys are case insensitive and are returned as lowercase strings, even if they were originally specified with uppercase strings.

Missing timeout check on CountDownLatch.await

Missing timeout check on CountDownLatch.await can cause synchronization errors.

Unspecified default value

Unspecified defaults can cause your application to crash.

Device Permission Usage.

Do not use API that requests system permission directly. Please onboard mShop Permission Service first.

Deserialization of untrusted object

Deserialization of untrusted objects can lead to security vulnerabilities such as, inadvertently running remote code.

Stack trace not included in re-thrown exception

When re-throwing an exception, make sure to include the stack trace.

Preserve thread interruption status rule

Preserve Thread Interruption Status Rule.

Missing check on the value returned by moveToFirst API

Missing check on the value returned by moveToFirst API can cause your application to crash.

Missing timeout check on ExecutorService.awaitTermination

Missing timeout checks on awaitTermination might make the code harder to debug.

Region specification missing from AWS client initialization

Set an explicit AWS Region to avoid cold start delays in AWS client initialization.

Overflow when deserializing relational database objects

Deserializing objects from relational databases should allocate a 64-bit, not 32-bit, type for the auto-incremented identifier.

Custom manual retries of AWS SDK calls

Custom manual retries of calls to AWS SDK APIs are inefficient.

Insufficient number of PBEKeySpec iterations

Using less than 1,000 PBEKeySpec iterations is insecure.

URL redirection to untrusted site

User-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site could lead to phishing attacks and allow user credentials to be stolen.

Use of externally-controlled input to select classes or code

Use of unsanitized external input in reflection can allow attackers to bypass security checks and run malicious code.

Missing null check for cache response metadata

Accessing the cache response metadata without performing a null check might cause a null dereference error.

Inefficient usage of Transaction library from AWS Labs

The AWS Labs Transactions Library is a client-side solution and less efficient compared to DynamoDB native transactions.

Insecure connection using unencrypted protocol

Connections that use insecure protocols transmit data in cleartext, which can leak sensitive information.

Missing encryption of sensitive data in storage

Sensitive data is potentially persisted into storage or passed to another service without always being encrypted.

Inefficient additional authenticated data (AAD) authenticity

Encryption can be improved by using Additional authenticated data (AAD).

Ignored output of DynamoDBMapper operations

Check if errors are returned by DynamoDBMapper's BatchWrite operations.

Use of a deprecated method

This code uses deprecated methods, which suggests that it has not been recently reviewed or maintained.

Error-prone AWS IAM policy creation

Manually creating text-based IAM policies is error-prone.

Use of externally-controlled input to build connection string

Use of unsanitized user input to build connection strings can allow attackers to bypass security checks and access restricted resources.

Inefficient Amazon S3 manual pagination

Use S3Objects.withPrefix() instead of manually paginating results.

Null pointer dereference

Dereferencing a null pointer can lead to unexpected null pointer exceptions.

Cross-site scripting

Relying on potentially untrusted user inputs when constructing web application outputs can lead to cross-site scripting vulnerabilities.

Unauthenticated LDAP requests

Unauthenticated LDAP requests can allow untrusted access to LDAP servers.

Mutually exclusive call

Calls to mutually exclusive methods were found in the code.

Use of inefficient APIs

Performance of this code can be enhanced by using alternative APIs.

Low maintainability with old Android features

Code uses older Android features.

AWS Lambda client not reused

Reuse AWS clients in Lambda.

Atomicity violation

Atomicity violations caused by improper usage of ConcurrentHashMap or ConcurrentLinkedQueue can result in crashses or incorrect program results.

Missing check on the result of createNewFile

Missing check on the result of createNewFile might cause data loss.

Missing handling of specifically-thrown exceptions

Catching generic exceptions might hide issues when specific exceptions are thrown.

Sensitive data stored unencrypted due to partial encryption

Encryption that is dependent on conditional logic, such as an if...then clause, might cause unencrypted sensitive data to be stored.

Weak obfuscation of web request

Weak obfuscation while configuring a web request

Missing statement to record cause of InvocationTargetException

Missing statements to record the underlying cause of InvocationTargetException.

Misconfigured Concurrency

Misconfigured CompletableFuture.get or Future.get.

Inefficient polling of AWS resource

Custom polling can be inefficient and prone to error. Consider using AWS waiters instead.

Clear text credentials

Credentials that are stored in clear text can be intercepted by a malicious actor.

Unexpected re-assignment of synchronized objects

Synchronized objects should not be re-assigned in the same synchronized block because the references to the synchronized object would be lost.

Session fixation

Session fixation might allow an attacker to steal authenticated session IDs.

XPath injection

Potentially unsanitized user input in XPath queries can allow an attacker to control the query in unwanted or insecure ways.

Syntax error in file

Some files contain syntax errors.

Catching and not re-throwing or logging exceptions

It's not good practice to catch an exception and then re-throw or log it.

Missing check when launching an Android activity with an implicit intent

Your application can crash if the check for an application that can receive the implicit intent is missing from code.

Client constructor deprecation

Client constructors are now deprecated in favor of using builders to create the client.

AWS client not reused in a Lambda function

Recreating AWS clients in each Lambda function invocation is expensive.

Inefficient use of stream sorting

Using Stream::min or Stream::max is more efficient than sorting and getting the first element in a stream.

Arithmetic overflow or underflow

Use numeric types that are large enough to hold the result of arithmetic operations.

Simplifiable code

Simplifiable code might be harder to read or maintain.

Loose file permissions

Weak file permissions can lead to privilege escalation.

Long polling is not enabled in Amazon SQS

Enable long polling for efficiency.

Insecure temporary file or directory

Insecure ways of creating temporary files and directories can lead to race conditions, privilege escalation, and other security vulnerabilities.

HTTP response splitting

Passing data from an untrusted source into a cookie or web response might expose the user to HTTP response splitting attacks.

Manual pagination

Suggest using auto-pagination instead of manual pagination.

Incorrect string equality operator

Use equals(), not ==, when checking if two strings are equal.

Input and output values become out of sync

If a method that uses an input parameter to update an output value throws an exception, then the output value is not updated.

Inefficient chain of AWS API calls

The chain of API calls can be replaced with a single, more efficient API call.

Server-side request forgery

Insufficient sanitization of potentially untrusted URLs on the server side can allow server requests to unwanted destinations.

OS command injection

Constructing operating system or shell commands with unsanitized user input can lead to inadvertently running malicious code.

Missing Authorization for address id

Rule to detect lack of authorization check when using address ID.

Do not catch and throw exception

Do not catch and throw the same exception.

Code clone

Similar code fragments were detected in the same file.

Concurrency deadlock

Improper use of locks in a multi-threaded program can lead to deadlock and cause the program to be unresponsive.

Not recommended aws credentials classes

Find usages of not recommended classes for AWS Credentials and suggest replacing them with something else.

SQL injection

Use of untrusted inputs in SQL database query can enable attackers to read, modify, or delete sensitive data in the database

Path traversal

Creating file paths from untrusted input might give a malicious actor access to sensitive files.

Missing check on method output

Missing checks might cause silent failures that are harder to debug.

Override of reserved variable names in a Lambda function

Overriding environment variables that are reserved by AWS Lambda might lead to unexpected behavior.

Missing byte array length of JSON parser

Specify the length of the input byte array when creating a JSON parser to avoid a deserialization problem.

Usage of an API that is not recommended

APIs that are not recommended were found.

Missing pagination

Additional results are not checked for a paginated API call. This might produce inaccurate results.

Hardcoded credentials

Hardcoded credentials can be intercepted by malicious actors.

Insecure JSON web token (JWT) parsing

JWTs should not be parsed using the parse method.

Not calling finalize causes skipped cleanup steps

Always call super.finalize explicitly.

Unchecked S3 object metadata content length

Failure to specify a content length causes the contents of the input stream to buffer locally in memory in order to calculate its length. This can result in performance problems.

Untrusted data in security decision

Security decisions should not depend on branching that can be influenced by untrusted or client-provided data.

Permissive cors configuration rule

Rule to enable detection for potential CORS vulnerabilities in services using the Coral or Spring frameworks.

Insecure cookie

Insecure cookies can lead to unencrypted transmission of sensitive data.

Resources used by an Amazon S3 TransferManager are not released

Call ShutdownNow when you use TransferManager to manage transfers to Amazon S3.

Insecure cryptography

Weak, broken, or misconfigured cryptography can lead to security vulnerabilities.

Resource leak

Allocated resources are not released properly.

Missing timezone of SimpleDateFormat

Using a SimpleDateFormat object without setting its timezone can result in unexpected date and time.

XML External Entity

Objects that parse or handle XML can lead to XML External Entity (XXE) attacks when misconfigured.

Bad parameters used with AWS API methods

An outdated or bad parameters were detected in calls to some AWS API methods.

Missing position check before getting substring

Getting a substring outside the range of a string can cause an index-out-of-bounds exception.

LDAP injection

LDAP queries that rely on potentially untrusted inputs can allow attackers to read or modify sensitive data, run code, and perform other unwanted actions.

Low maintainability with low class cohesion

Classes with low class cohesion contain unrelated operations which make them difficult to understand and less likely to be used.

Avoid reset exception in Amazon S3

Uploading objects to Amazon S3 by using streams (either through an AmazonS3 client or TransferManager) might encounter network connectivity or timeout issues.

Oversynchronization

Oversynchronization with ConcurrentHashMap or ConcurrentLinkedQueue can reduce program performance.

Insecure hashing

Obsolete, broken, or weak hashing algorithms can lead to security vulnerabilities.

Backward compatibility breaks with error message parsing

Maintain your code's backward compatibility by checking the status code instead of parsing the error message.

Inefficient map entry iteration

Iterating on Map entries is more efficient than iterating on the keys and asking for their respective values.

Missing S3 bucket owner condition

Not setting the S3 bucket owner condition might introduce a risk of accidentally using a wrong bucket.

AWS DynamoDB getItem output is not null checked

Outputs of AWS DynamoDB's GetItem method are not null checked.

Log injection

Using untrusted inputs in a log statement can enable attackers to break the log's format, forge log entries, and bypass log monitors.

Sensitive information leak

Sensitive information should not be exposed through log files or stack traces.

Infinite loop

Use loop control flow to ensure that loops are exited, even if exceptional behaviors are encountered.

Batch operations preferred over looping

Batch operations are more efficient than looping to process several items at the same time.

Synchronous publication of AWS Lambda metrics

Synchronous publication of AWS Lambda metrics is inefficient.

XML External Entity Document Builder Factory

Objects that parse or handle XML in XML document can lead to XML External Entity (XXE) attacks when misconfigured.

Improper use of classes that aren't thread-safe

Improper use of thread-unsafe classes in multi-threaded programs can cause the programs to be unstable.

Incorrect null check before setting a value

When a variable is assigned a value after checking if it's not null (for example, x != null insead of x == null), it might be inadvertently overwritten.

Object Input Stream Insecure Deserialization

Deserialization of untrusted data without sufficiently verifying that the resulting data will be valid.

Weak pseudorandom number generation

Insufficiently random generators (or hardcoded seeds) can make pseudorandom sequences predictable.

Insecure CORS policy

Cross-Origin Resource Sharing policies that are too permissive may lead to security vulnerabilities.

Insufficient use of name in Amazon SQS queue

Provide the full URL for the Amazon SQS queue.

Missing check on the value returned by ResultSet.next

Missing check on the value returned by ResultSet.next can cause your application to crash.

Insecure TLS version

TLS versions older than TLS version 1.1 support weak, broken, or misconfigured cryptography.

Missing handling of file deletion result

Unhandled failures of deleting files can exhaust file handles.

Amazon SQS message visibility changed without a status check

When you change Amazon SQS message visibility, check for MessageNotInFlight exceptions.

State machine execution ARN is not logged

Log the ARN identifying the state machine execution for better debuggability.

Client-side KMS reencryption

Client-side decryption followed by reencryption is inefficient and can lead to sensitive data leaks.

Unsanitized input is run as code

Scripts generated from unsanitized inputs can lead to malicious behavior and inadvertently running code remotely.

Use Stream::anyMatch instead of Stream::findFirst or Stream::findAny

Using Stream::anyMatch is more readable and convenient than using a chain of Stream::filter, Stream::findFirst or Stream::findAny and Optional::isPresent.

Use an enum to specify an AWS Region

To minimize the risk of error, use an enum instead of a string to specify an AWS Region.

Batch request with unchecked failures

Not checking which items have failed can lead to loss of data.

Improperly formatted string arguments

Format strings appropriately for their argument types. For example, use %d, not %s, for integers.