Management events Data events Network activity events Insights events

Understanding CloudTrail events

An event in CloudTrail is the record of an activity in an AWS account. This activity can be an action taken by an IAM identity, or service that is monitorable by CloudTrail. CloudTrail events provide a history of both API and non-API account activity made through the AWS Management Console, AWS SDKs, command line tools, and other AWS services.

CloudTrail log files aren't an ordered stack trace of the public API calls, so events don't appear in any specific order.

There are four types of CloudTrail events:

Management events
Data events
Network activity events

Note
Network activity events is in preview release for CloudTrail and is subject to change.
Insights events

By default, trails and event data stores log management events, but not data events, network activity events, or Insights events.

All event types use a CloudTrail JSON log format. The log contains information about requests for resources in your account, such as who made the request, the services used, the actions performed, and parameters for the action. The event data is enclosed in a Records array.

For information about CloudTrail event record fields, see CloudTrail record contents.

Management events

Management events provide information about management operations that are performed on resources in your AWS account. These are also known as control plane operations.

Example management events include:

Configuring security (for example, AWS Identity and Access Management AttachRolePolicy API operations).
Registering devices (for example, Amazon EC2 CreateDefaultVpc API operations).
Configuring rules for routing data (for example, Amazon EC2 CreateSubnet API operations).
Setting up logging (for example, AWS CloudTrail CreateTrail API operations).

Management events can also include non-API events that occur in your account. For example, when a user signs in to your account, CloudTrail logs the ConsoleLogin event. For more information, see Non-API events captured by CloudTrail.

By default, CloudTrail trails and CloudTrail Lake event data stores log management events. For more information about logging management events, see Logging management events.

The following example shows a single log record of a management event. In this event, an IAM user named Mary_Major ran the aws cloudtrail start-logging command to call the CloudTrail StartLogging action to start the logging process on a trail named myTrail.


{
    "eventVersion": "1.09",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "IAMUser",
        "principalId": "EXAMPLE6E4XEGITWATV6R",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/Mary_Major",
        "accountId": "123456789012",
        "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
        "userName": "Mary_Major",
        "sessionContext": {
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-07-19T21:11:57Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-07-19T21:33:41Z",
    "eventSource": "cloudtrail.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "StartLogging",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.5 Python/3.11.4 Linux/4.14.255-314-253.539.amzn2.x86_64 exec-env/CloudShell exe/x86_64.amzn.2 prompt/off command/cloudtrail.start-logging",
    "requestParameters": {
        "name": "myTrail"
    },
    "responseElements": null,
    "requestID": "9d478fc1-4f10-490f-a26b-EXAMPLE0e932",
    "eventID": "eae87c48-d421-4626-94f5-EXAMPLEac994",
    "readOnly": false,
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": true,
    "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
    "eventCategory": "Management",
    "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2",
        "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "cloudtrail.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "sessionCredentialFromConsole": "true"
}

In this next example, an IAM user user named Paulo_Santos ran the aws cloudtrail start-event-data-store-ingestion command to call the StartEventDataStoreIngestion action to start ingestion on an event data store.


{
    "eventVersion": "1.09",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "IAMUser",
        "principalId": "EXAMPLEPHCNW5EQV7NA54",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/Paulo_Santos",
        "accountId": "123456789012",
        "accessKeyId": "(AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
        "userName": "Paulo_Santos",
        "sessionContext": {
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-07-21T21:55:30Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-07-21T21:57:28Z",
    "eventSource": "cloudtrail.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "StartEventDataStoreIngestion",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.1 Python/3.11.4 Linux/4.14.255-314-253.539.amzn2.x86_64 exec-env/CloudShell exe/x86_64.amzn.2 prompt/off command/cloudtrail.start-event-data-store-ingestion",
    "requestParameters": {
        "eventDataStore": "arn:aws:cloudtrail:us-east-1:123456789012:eventdatastore/2a8f2138-0caa-46c8-a194-EXAMPLE87d41"
    },
    "responseElements": null,
    "requestID": "f62a3494-ba4e-49ee-8e27-EXAMPLE4253f",
    "eventID": "d97ca7e2-04fe-45b4-882d-EXAMPLEa9b2c",
    "readOnly": false,
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": true,
    "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
    "eventCategory": "Management",
    "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2",
        "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "cloudtrail.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "sessionCredentialFromConsole": "true"
}

Data events

Data events provide information about the resource operations performed on or in a resource. These are also known as data plane operations. Data events are often high-volume activities.

Example data events include:

Amazon S3 object-level API activity (for example, GetObject, DeleteObject, and PutObject API operations) on objects in S3 buckets.
AWS Lambda function execution activity (the Invoke API).
CloudTrail PutAuditEvents activity on a CloudTrail Lake channel that is used to log events from outside AWS.
Amazon SNS Publish and PublishBatch API operations on topics.

The following table shows the resource types available for trails and event data stores. The Resource type (console) column shows the appropriate selection in the console. The resources.type value column shows the resources.type value that you would specify to include data events of that type in your trail or event data store using the AWS CLI or CloudTrail APIs.

For trails, you can use basic or advanced event selectors to log data events for Amazon S3 objects in general purpose buckets, Lambda functions, and DynamoDB tables (shown in the first three rows of the table). You can use only advanced event selectors to log the resource types shown in the remaining rows.

For event data stores, you can use only advanced event selectors to include data events.

AWS service	Description	Resource type (console)	resources.type value
Amazon DynamoDB	Amazon DynamoDB item-level API activity on tables (for example, `PutItem`, `DeleteItem`, and `UpdateItem` API operations). Note For tables with streams enabled, the `resources` field in the data event contains both `AWS::DynamoDB::Stream` and `AWS::DynamoDB::Table`. If you specify `AWS::DynamoDB::Table` for the `resources.type`, it will log both DynamoDB table and DynamoDB streams events by default. To exclude streams events, add a filter on the `eventName` field.	DynamoDB	`AWS::DynamoDB::Table`
AWS Lambda	AWS Lambda function execution activity (the `Invoke` API).	Lambda	`AWS::Lambda::Function`
Amazon S3	Amazon S3 object-level API activity (for example, `GetObject`, `DeleteObject`, and `PutObject` API operations) on objects in general purpose buckets.	S3	`AWS::S3::Object`
AWS AppConfig	AWS AppConfig API activity for configuration operations such as calls to `StartConfigurationSession` and `GetLatestConfiguration`.	AWS AppConfig	`AWS::AppConfig::Configuration`
AWS B2B Data Interchange	B2B Data Interchange API activity for Transformer operations such as calls to `GetTransformerJob` and `StartTransformerJob`.	B2B Data Interchange	`AWS::B2BI::Transformer`
Amazon Bedrock	Amazon Bedrock API activity on an agent alias.	Bedrock agent alias	`AWS::Bedrock::AgentAlias`
Amazon Bedrock	Amazon Bedrock API activity on a flow alias.	Bedrock flow alias	`AWS::Bedrock::FlowAlias`
Amazon Bedrock	Amazon Bedrock API activity on guardrails.	Bedrock guardrail	`AWS::Bedrock::Guardrail`
Amazon Bedrock	Amazon Bedrock API activity on a knowledge base.	Bedrock knowledge base	`AWS::Bedrock::KnowledgeBase`
Amazon Bedrock	Amazon Bedrock API activity on models.	Bedrock model	`AWS::Bedrock::Model`
Amazon CloudFront	CloudFront API activity on a KeyValueStore.	CloudFront KeyValueStore	`AWS::CloudFront::KeyValueStore`
AWS Cloud Map	AWS Cloud Map API activity on a namespace.	AWS Cloud Map namespace	`AWS::ServiceDiscovery::Namespace`
AWS Cloud Map	AWS Cloud Map API activity on a service.	AWS Cloud Map service	`AWS::ServiceDiscovery::Service`
AWS CloudTrail	CloudTrail `PutAuditEvents` activity on a CloudTrail Lake channel that is used to log events from outside AWS.	CloudTrail channel	`AWS::CloudTrail::Channel`
Amazon CloudWatch	Amazon CloudWatch API activity on metrics.	CloudWatch metric	`AWS::CloudWatch::Metric`
Amazon CloudWatch RUM	Amazon CloudWatch RUM API activity on app monitors.	RUM app monitor	`AWS::RUM::AppMonitor`
Amazon CodeGuru Profiler	CodeGuru Profiler API activity on profiling groups.	CodeGuru Profiler profiling group	`AWS::CodeGuruProfiler::ProfilingGroup`
Amazon CodeWhisperer	Amazon CodeWhisperer API activity on a customization.	CodeWhisperer customization	`AWS::CodeWhisperer::Customization`
Amazon CodeWhisperer	Amazon CodeWhisperer API activity on a profile.	CodeWhisperer	`AWS::CodeWhisperer::Profile`
Amazon Cognito	Amazon Cognito API activity on Amazon Cognito identity pools.	Cognito Identity Pools	`AWS::Cognito::IdentityPool`
AWS Data Exchange	AWS Data Exchange API activity on assets.	Data Exchange asset	`AWS::DataExchange::Asset`
AWS Deadline Cloud	Deadline Cloud API activity on fleets.	Deadline Cloud fleet	`AWS::Deadline::Fleet`
AWS Deadline Cloud	Deadline Cloud API activity on jobs.	Deadline Cloud job	`AWS::Deadline::Job`
AWS Deadline Cloud	Deadline Cloud API activity on queues.	Deadline Cloud queue	`AWS::Deadline::Queue`
AWS Deadline Cloud	Deadline Cloud API activity on workers.	Deadline Cloud worker	`AWS::Deadline::Worker`
Amazon DynamoDB	Amazon DynamoDB API activity on streams.	DynamoDB Streams	`AWS::DynamoDB::Stream`
AWS End User Messaging SMS	AWS End User Messaging SMS API activity on origination identities.	SMS Voice origination identity	`AWS::SMSVoice::OriginationIdentity`
AWS End User Messaging SMS	AWS End User Messaging SMS API activity on messages.	SMS Voice message	`AWS::SMSVoice::Message`
AWS End User Messaging Social	AWS End User Messaging Social API activity on phone number IDs.	Social-Messaging Phone Number Id	`AWS::SocialMessaging::PhoneNumberId`
AWS End User Messaging Social	AWS End User Messaging Social API activity on Waba IDs.	Social-Messaging Waba ID	`AWS::SocialMessaging::WabaId`
Amazon Elastic Block Store	Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) direct APIs, such as `PutSnapshotBlock`, `GetSnapshotBlock`, and `ListChangedBlocks` on Amazon EBS snapshots.	Amazon EBS direct APIs	`AWS::EC2::Snapshot`
Amazon EMR	Amazon EMR API activity on a write-ahead log workspace.	EMR write-ahead log workspace	`AWS::EMRWAL::Workspace`
Amazon FinSpace	Amazon FinSpace API activity on environments.	FinSpace	`AWS::FinSpace::Environment`
AWS Glue	AWS Glue API activity on tables that were created by Lake Formation.	Lake Formation	`AWS::Glue::Table`
Amazon GuardDuty	Amazon GuardDuty API activity for a detector.	GuardDuty detector	`AWS::GuardDuty::Detector`
AWS HealthImaging	AWS HealthImaging API activity on data stores.	MedicalImaging data store	`AWS::MedicalImaging::Datastore`
AWS IoT	AWS IoT API activity on certificates.	IoT certificate	`AWS::IoT::Certificate`
AWS IoT	AWS IoT API activity on things.	IoT thing	`AWS::IoT::Thing`
AWS IoT Greengrass Version 2	Greengrass API activity from a Greengrass core device on a component version. Note Greengrass doesn't log access denied events.	IoT Greengrass component version	`AWS::GreengrassV2::ComponentVersion`
AWS IoT Greengrass Version 2	Greengrass API activity from a Greengrass core device on a deployment. Note Greengrass doesn't log access denied events.	IoT Greengrass deployment	`AWS::GreengrassV2::Deployment`
AWS IoT SiteWise	IoT SiteWise API activity on assets.	IoT SiteWise asset	`AWS::IoTSiteWise::Asset`
AWS IoT SiteWise	IoT SiteWise API activity on time series.	IoT SiteWise time series	`AWS::IoTSiteWise::TimeSeries`
AWS IoT SiteWise Assistant	Sitewise Assistant API activity on conversations.	Sitewise Assistant conversation	`AWS::SitewiseAssistant::Conversation`
AWS IoT TwinMaker	IoT TwinMaker API activity on an entity.	IoT TwinMaker entity	`AWS::IoTTwinMaker::Entity`
AWS IoT TwinMaker	IoT TwinMaker API activity on a workspace.	IoT TwinMaker workspace	`AWS::IoTTwinMaker::Workspace`
Amazon Kendra Intelligent Ranking	Amazon Kendra Intelligent Ranking API activity on rescore execution plans.	Kendra Ranking	`AWS::KendraRanking::ExecutionPlan`
Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra)	Amazon Keyspaces API activity on a table.	Cassandra table	`AWS::Cassandra::Table`
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams	Kinesis Data Streams API activity on streams.	Kinesis stream	`AWS::Kinesis::Stream`
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams	Kinesis Data Streams API activity on stream consumers.	Kinesis stream consumer	`AWS::Kinesis::StreamConsumer`
Amazon Kinesis Video Streams	Kinesis Video Streams API activity on video streams, such as calls to `GetMedia` and `PutMedia`.	Kinesis video stream	`AWS::KinesisVideo::Stream`
Amazon Location Maps	Amazon Location Maps API activity.	Geo Maps	`AWS::GeoMaps::Provider`
Amazon Location Places	Amazon Location Places API activity.	Geo Places	`AWS::GeoPlaces::Provider`
Amazon Location Routes	Amazon Location Routes API activity.	Geo Routes	`AWS::GeoRoutes::Provider`
Amazon Machine Learning	Machine Learning API activity on ML models.	Maching Learning MlModel	`AWS::MachineLearning::MlModel`
Amazon Managed Blockchain	Amazon Managed Blockchain API activity on a network.	Managed Blockchain network	`AWS::ManagedBlockchain::Network`
Amazon Managed Blockchain	Amazon Managed Blockchain JSON-RPC calls on Ethereum nodes, such as `eth_getBalance` or `eth_getBlockByNumber`.	Managed Blockchain	`AWS::ManagedBlockchain::Node`
Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow	Amazon MWAA API activity on environments.	Managed Apache Airflow	`AWS::MWAA::Environment`
Amazon Neptune Graph	Data API activities, for example queries, algorithms, or vector search, on a Neptune Graph.	Neptune Graph	`AWS::NeptuneGraph::Graph`
Amazon One Enterprise	Amazon One Enterprise API activity on a UKey.	Amazon One UKey	`AWS::One::UKey`
Amazon One Enterprise	Amazon One Enterprise API activity on users.	Amazon One User	`AWS::One::User`
AWS Payment Cryptography	AWS Payment Cryptography API activity on aliases.	Payment Cryptography Alias	`AWS::PaymentCryptography::Alias`
AWS Payment Cryptography	AWS Payment Cryptography API activity on keys.	Payment Cryptography Key	`AWS::PaymentCryptography::Key`
AWS Private CA	AWS Private CA Connector for Active Directory API activity.	AWS Private CA Connector for Active Directory	`AWS::PCAConnectorAD::Connector`
AWS Private CA	AWS Private CA Connector for SCEP API activity.	AWS Private CA Connector for SCEP	`AWS::PCAConnectorSCEP::Connector`
Amazon Q Apps	Data API activity on Amazon Q Apps.	Amazon Q Apps	`AWS::QApps:QApp`
Amazon Q Business	Amazon Q Business API activity on an application.	Amazon Q Business application	`AWS::QBusiness::Application`
Amazon Q Business	Amazon Q Business API activity on a data source.	Amazon Q Business data source	`AWS::QBusiness::DataSource`
Amazon Q Business	Amazon Q Business API activity on an index.	Amazon Q Business index	`AWS::QBusiness::Index`
Amazon Q Business	Amazon Q Business API activity on a web experience.	Amazon Q Business web experience	`AWS::QBusiness::WebExperience`
Amazon RDS	Amazon RDS API activity on a DB Cluster.	RDS Data API - DB Cluster	`AWS::RDS::DBCluster`
AWS Resource Explorer	Resource Explorer API activity on managed views.	AWS Resource Explorer managed-view	`AWS::ResourceExplorer2::ManagedView`
AWS Resource Explorer	Resource Explorer API activity on views.	AWS Resource Explorer view	`AWS::ResourceExplorer2::View`
Amazon S3	Amazon S3 API activity on access points.	S3 Access Point	`AWS::S3::AccessPoint`
Amazon S3	Amazon S3 object-level API activity (for example, `GetObject`, `DeleteObject`, and `PutObject` API operations) on objects in directory buckets.	S3 Express	`AWS::S3Express::Object`
Amazon S3	Amazon S3 Object Lambda access points API activity, such as calls to `CompleteMultipartUpload` and `GetObject`.	S3 Object Lambda	`AWS::S3ObjectLambda::AccessPoint`
Amazon S3 on Outposts	Amazon S3 on Outposts object-level API activity.	S3 Outposts	`AWS::S3Outposts::Object`
Amazon SageMaker	Amazon SageMaker `InvokeEndpointWithResponseStream` activity on endpoints.	SageMaker endpoint	`AWS::SageMaker::Endpoint`
Amazon SageMaker	Amazon SageMaker API activity on feature stores.	SageMaker feature store	`AWS::SageMaker::FeatureGroup`
Amazon SageMaker	Amazon SageMaker API activity on experiment trial components.	SageMaker metrics experiment trial component	`AWS::SageMaker::ExperimentTrialComponent`
Amazon SNS	Amazon SNS `Publish` API operations on platform endpoints.	SNS platform endpoint	`AWS::SNS::PlatformEndpoint`
Amazon SNS	Amazon SNS `Publish` and `PublishBatch` API operations on topics.	SNS topic	`AWS::SNS::Topic`
Amazon SQS	Amazon SQS API activity on messages.	SQS	`AWS::SQS::Queue`
AWS Step Functions	Step Functions API activity on a state machine.	Step Functions state machine	`AWS::StepFunctions::StateMachine`
AWS Supply Chain	AWS Supply Chain API activity on an instance.	Supply Chain	`AWS::SCN::Instance`
Amazon SWF	Amazon SWF API activity on domains.	SWF domain	`AWS::SWF::Domain`
AWS Systems Manager	Systems Manager API activity on control channels.	Systems Manager	`AWS::SSMMessages::ControlChannel`
AWS Systems Manager	Systems Manager API activity on managed nodes.	Systems Manager managed node	`AWS::SSM::ManagedNode`
Amazon Timestream	Amazon Timestream `Query` API activity on databases.	Timestream database	`AWS::Timestream::Database`
Amazon Timestream	Amazon Timestream `Query` API activity on tables.	Timestream table	`AWS::Timestream::Table`
Amazon Verified Permissions	Amazon Verified Permissions API activity on a policy store.	Amazon Verified Permissions	`AWS::VerifiedPermissions::PolicyStore`
Amazon WorkSpaces Thin Client	WorkSpaces Thin Client API activity on a Device.	Thin Client Device	`AWS::ThinClient::Device`
Amazon WorkSpaces Thin Client	WorkSpaces Thin Client API activity on an Environment.	Thin Client Environment	`AWS::ThinClient::Environment`
AWS X-Ray	X-Ray API activity on traces.	X-Ray trace	`AWS::XRay::Trace`

Data events are not logged by default when you create a trail or event data store. To record CloudTrail data events, you must explicitly add the supported resources or resource types for which you want to collect activity. For more information, see Creating a trail with the CloudTrail console and Create an event data store for CloudTrail events with the console.

Additional charges apply for logging data events. For CloudTrail pricing, see AWS CloudTrail Pricing.

The following example shows a single log record of a data event for the Amazon SNS Publish action.


{
   "eventVersion": "1.09",
   "userIdentity": {
        "type": "AssumedRole",
        "principalId": "EX_PRINCIPAL_ID",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/Bob",
        "accountId": "123456789012",
        "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
        "sessionContext": {
        "sessionIssuer": {
            "type": "Role",
            "principalId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
            "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/Admin",
            "accountId": "123456789012",
            "userName": "ExampleUser"
            },
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-08-21T16:44:05Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-08-21T16:48:37Z",
    "eventSource": "sns.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "Publish",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/1.29.16 md/Botocore#1.31.16 ua/2.0 os/linux#5.4.250-173.369.amzn2int.x86_64 md/arch#x86_64 lang/python#3.8.17 md/pyimpl#CPython cfg/retry-mode#legacy botocore/1.31.16",
    "requestParameters": {
        "topicArn": "arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789012:ExampleSNSTopic",
        "message": "HIDDEN_DUE_TO_SECURITY_REASONS",
        "subject": "HIDDEN_DUE_TO_SECURITY_REASONS",
        "messageStructure": "json",
        "messageAttributes": "HIDDEN_DUE_TO_SECURITY_REASONS"
    },
    "responseElements": {
        "messageId": "0787cd1e-d92b-521c-a8b4-90434e8ef840"
    },
    "requestID": "0a8ab208-11bf-5e01-bd2d-ef55861b545d",
    "eventID": "bb3496d4-5252-4660-9c28-3c6aebdb21c0",
    "readOnly": false,
    "resources": [{
        "accountId": "123456789012",
        "type": "AWS::SNS::Topic",
                "ARN": "arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789012:ExampleSNSTopic"
    }],
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": false,
    "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
    "eventCategory": "Data",
    "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2",
        "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "sns.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
    }
}

The next example shows a single log record of a data event for the Amazon Cognito GetCredentialsForIdentity action.


{
    "eventVersion": "1.08",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "Unknown"
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-01-19T16:55:08Z",
    "eventSource": "cognito-identity.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "GetCredentialsForIdentity",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.4",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.7.25 Python/3.9.11 Darwin/21.6.0 exe/x86_64 prompt/off command/cognito-identity.get-credentials-for-identity",
    "requestParameters": {
        "logins": {
            "cognito-idp.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/us-east-1_aaaaaaaaa": "HIDDEN_DUE_TO_SECURITY_REASONS"
        },
        "identityId": "us-east-1:1cf667a2-49a6-454b-9e45-23199EXAMPLE"
    },
    "responseElements": {
        "credentials": {
            "accessKeyId": "ASIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
            "sessionToken": "aAaAaAaAaAaAab1111111111EXAMPLE",
            "expiration": "Jan 19, 2023 5:55:08 PM"
        },
        "identityId": "us-east-1:1cf667a2-49a6-454b-9e45-23199EXAMPLE"
    },
    "requestID": "659dfc23-7c4e-4e7c-858a-1abce884d645",
    "eventID": "6ad1c766-5a41-4b28-b5ca-e223ccb00f0d",
    "readOnly": false,
    "resources": [{
        "accountId": "111122223333",
        "type": "AWS::Cognito::IdentityPool",
        "ARN": "arn:aws:cognito-identity:us-east-1:111122223333:identitypool/us-east-1:2dg778b3-50b7-565c-0f56-34200EXAMPLE"
    }],
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": false,
    "recipientAccountId": "111122223333",
    "eventCategory": "Data"
}

Network activity events

Note

Network activity events is in preview release for CloudTrail and is subject to change.

CloudTrail network activity events enable VPC endpoint owners to record AWS API calls made using their VPC endpoints from a private VPC to the AWS service. Network activity events provide visibility into the resource operations performed within a VPC.

You can log network activity events for the following services:

AWS CloudTrail
Amazon EC2
AWS KMS
AWS Secrets Manager

Network activity events are not logged by default when you create a trail or event data store. To record CloudTrail network activity events, you must explicitly set the event source for which you want to collect activity. For more information, see Logging network activity events.

Additional charges apply for logging network activity events. For CloudTrail pricing, see AWS CloudTrail Pricing.

The following example shows a successful AWS KMS ListKeys event that traversed a VPC endpoint. The vpcEndpointId field shows the ID of the VPC endpoint. The vpcEndpointAccountId field shows the account ID of the VPC endpoint owner. In this example, the request was made by the VPC endpoint owner.


{
    "eventVersion": "1.09",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "AssumedRole",
        "principalId": "ASIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE:role-name",
        "arn": "arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/Admin/role-name",
        "accountId": "123456789012",
        "accessKeyId": "ASIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
        "sessionContext": {
            "sessionIssuer": {
                "type": "Role",
                "principalId": "ASIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
                "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/Admin",
                "accountId": "123456789012",
                "userName": "Admin"
            },
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2024-06-04T23:10:46Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2024-06-04T23:12:50Z",
    "eventSource": "kms.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "ListKeys",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0",
    "requestID": "16bcc089-ac49-43f1-9177-EXAMPLE23731",
    "eventID": "228ca3c8-5f95-4a8a-9732-EXAMPLE60ed9",
    "eventType": "AwsVpceEvent",
    "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
    "sharedEventID": "a1f3720c-ef19-47e9-a5d5-EXAMPLE8099f",
    "vpcEndpointId": "vpce-EXAMPLE08c1b6b9b7",
    "vpcEndpointAccountId": "123456789012",
    "eventCategory": "NetworkActivity"
}

The next example shows an unsuccessful AWS KMS ListKeys event with a VPC endpoint policy violation. Because a VPC policy violation occurred, both the errorCode and errorMessage fields are present. The account ID in the recipientAccountId and vpcEndpointAccountId fields is the same, which indicates the event was sent to the VPC endpoint owner. The accountId in the userIdentity element is not the vpcEndpointAccountId, which indicates that the user making the request is not the VPC endpoint owner.


{
    "eventVersion": "1.09",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "AWSAccount",
        "principalId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
        "accountId": "777788889999"
    },
    "eventTime": "2024-07-15T23:57:12Z",
    "eventSource": "kms.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "ListKeys",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0",
    "errorCode": "VpceAccessDenied",
    "errorMessage": "The request was denied due to a VPC endpoint policy",
    "requestID": "899003b8-abc4-42bb-ad95-EXAMPLE0c374",
    "eventID": "7c6e3d04-0c3b-42f2-8589-EXAMPLE826c0",
    "eventType": "AwsVpceEvent",
    "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
    "sharedEventID": "702f74c4-f692-4bfd-8491-EXAMPLEb1ac4",
    "vpcEndpointId": "vpce-EXAMPLE08c1b6b9b7",
    "vpcEndpointAccountId": "123456789012",
    "eventCategory": "NetworkActivity"
}

Insights events

CloudTrail Insights events capture unusual API call rate or error rate activity in your AWS account by analyzing CloudTrail management activity. Insights events provide relevant information, such as the associated API, error code, incident time, and statistics, that help you understand and act on unusual activity. Unlike other types of events captured in a CloudTrail trail or event data store, Insights events are logged only when CloudTrail detects changes in your account's API usage or error rate logging that differ significantly from the account's typical usage patterns.

Examples of activity that might generate Insights events include:

Your account typically logs no more than 20 Amazon S3 deleteBucket API calls per minute, but your account starts to log an average of 100 deleteBucket API calls per minute. An Insights event is logged at the start of the unusual activity, and another Insights event is logged to mark the end of the unusual activity.
Your account typically logs 20 calls per minute to the Amazon EC2 AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress API, but your account starts to log zero calls to AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress. An Insights event is logged at the start of the unusual activity, and ten minutes later, when the unusual activity ends, another Insights event is logged to mark the end of the unusual activity.
Your account typically logs less than one AccessDeniedException error in a seven-day period on the AWS Identity and Access Management API, DeleteInstanceProfile. Your account starts to log an average of 12 AccessDeniedException errors per minute on the DeleteInstanceProfile API call. An Insights event is logged at the start of the unusual error rate activity, and another Insights event is logged to mark the end of the unusual activity.

These examples are provided for illustration purposes only. Your results may vary depending on your use case.

To log CloudTrail Insights events, you must explicitly enable Insights events on a new or existing trail or event data store. For more information about creating a trail, see Creating a trail with the CloudTrail console. For more information about creating an event data store, see Create an event data store for Insights events with the console.

Additional charges apply for Insights events. You will be charged separately if you enable Insights for both trails and event data stores. For more information, see AWS CloudTrail Pricing.

There are two events logged to show unusual activity in CloudTrail Insights: a start event and an end event. The following example shows a single log record of a starting Insights event that occurred when the Application Auto Scaling API CompleteLifecycleAction was called an unusual number of times. For Insights events, the value of eventCategory is Insight. An insightDetails block identifies the event state, source, name, Insights type, and context, including statistics and attributions. For more information about the insightDetails block, see CloudTrail Insights insightDetails element.


{
        "eventVersion": "1.08",
        "eventTime": "2023-07-10T01:42:00Z",
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "eventID": "55ed45c5-0b0c-4228-9fe5-EXAMPLEc3f4d",
        "eventType": "AwsCloudTrailInsight",
        "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
        "sharedEventID": "979c82fe-14d4-4e4c-aa01-EXAMPLE3acee",
        "insightDetails": {
            "state": "Start",
            "eventSource": "autoscaling.amazonaws.com",
            "eventName": "CompleteLifecycleAction",
            "insightType": "ApiCallRateInsight",
            "insightContext": {
                "statistics": {
                    "baseline": {
                        "average": 9.82222E-5
                    },
                    "insight": {
                        "average": 5.0
                    },
                    "insightDuration": 1,
                    "baselineDuration": 10181
                },
                "attributions": [{
                    "attribute": "userIdentityArn",
                    "insight": [{
                        "value": "arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/CodeDeployRole1",
                        "average": 5.0
                    }, {
                        "value": "arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/CodeDeployRole2",
                        "average": 5.0
                    }, {
                        "value": "arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/CodeDeployRole3",
                        "average": 5.0
                    }],
                    "baseline": [{
                        "value": "arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/CodeDeployRole1",
                        "average": 9.82222E-5
                    }]
                }, {
                    "attribute": "userAgent",
                    "insight": [{
                        "value": "codedeploy.amazonaws.com",
                        "average": 5.0
                    }],
                    "baseline": [{
                        "value": "codedeploy.amazonaws.com",
                        "average": 9.82222E-5
                    }]
                }, {
                    "attribute": "errorCode",
                    "insight": [{
                        "value": "null",
                        "average": 5.0
                    }],
                    "baseline": [{
                        "value": "null",
                        "average": 9.82222E-5
                    }]
                }]
            }
        },
        "eventCategory": "Insight"
    }

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Document Conventions

Service-linked channels

Management events